scholarly journals Stratification in Extended Education Participation and its Implications for Education Inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-2019) ◽  
pp. 160-177
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Bae ◽  
Eunwon Cho ◽  
Bo-Kyung Byun
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
Extended Education

This study identified subgroups of elementary students based on similar patterns of participation in four different types of extended education in Korea. The study also investigated relationships between student patterns of extended education participation and their various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, including residential location, parental education, and family income level. To achieve these aims, the study used latent profile analysis and logistic regression on a dataset of 18,186 students from 786 elementary schools provided by Statistics Korea. Results reveal five distinctive subgroups of students in terms of extended education participation: afterschool academic program users, shadow education users, moderate afterschool academic program users, ordinary users, and talent development seekers. Results also show that student socioeconomic and demographic characteristics are strongly associated with their classification into the above-mentioned subgroups. These findings signal the possibility that “educational stratification” based on student socioeconomic background may be occurring in the area of extended education.

scholarly journals International mobility and education inequality among Brazilian undergraduate students

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-796
Author(s):  
Alice Dias Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
Science Without Borders

Abstract This paper aims to understand the effect of international mobility in higher education on Brazilian education inequality by examining the Science Without Borders programme for undergraduate students. The SWB aimed to award 101,000 scholarships for Brazilian undergraduate students to conduct part of their studies in a foreign university between 2011 and 2015. This paper draws on research on education inequalities and international mobility to investigate the patterns of inequality among undergraduate students participating in the SWB, considering the period of higher education expansion in Brazil. Using the ENEM datasets, inequality of access and inequality within the programme were analysed. The results show that students with parents with higher levels of education and higher income were more likely to participate in the SWB programme. Moreover, students with higher parental education and family income tended to study at a prestigious university during the programme.

What Reading Disability? Evidence for Multiple Latent Profiles of Struggling Readers in a Large Russian Sibpair Sample With at Least One Sibling at Risk for Reading Difficulties

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Kornilov ◽  
Elena L. Grigorenko
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Large N ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Latent Profiles

In this study, we performed a latent profile analysis of reading and related skills in a large ( n = 733) sibpair sample of Russian readers at risk for reading difficulties. The analysis suggested the presence of seven latent profiles, of which two were characterized by relatively high performance on measures of spelling and reading comprehension and the remaining five included severely as well as moderately affected readers with deficits in the domains of phonological, orthographic, and morphological processing. The results suggest that the development and manifestation of reading difficulties in Russian is mappable on a complex pattern of interactions between different types and severities of processing deficits. The results point to the psychological reality of multiple different suboptimal patterns of deficits in reading and reading-related skills and support the multifactorial view of the disorder, with intriguing implications for future neurobiological studies.

scholarly journals “More Than Buying Extra Fruits and Veggies, Please Hide the Fats and Sugars”: Children’s Diet Latent Profiles and Family-Related Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2403
Author(s):  
Beatriz Pereira ◽  
Cátia Silva ◽  
José Carlos Núñez ◽  
Pedro Rosário ◽  
Paula Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Promoting children’s healthy diets is a key public health priority. Family can play a relevant role in children’s eating patterns. The goals of the current research were to identify different latent diet profiles in children based on their food consumption and to assess the relationship between profiles and family-related factors. A total of 678 school-aged children from the fifth and sixth grades participated. The study design was cross-sectional and questionnaire based. Research assessed healthy (fruit and vegetables) and unhealthy (fast food, sugar-sweetened beverages, and candies) food consumption and family-related factors. A latent profile analysis and multivariate data analysis were developed. Four diet profiles were identified: Combined Diet, Mainly Healthy Diet, Mainly Unhealthy Diet, and Very Unhealthy Diet. Nearly half of the children (45.22%) showed a Combined Diet profile, meaning that they reported eating nearly the same amount of healthy and unhealthy types of foods. Associations between the diet profiles, family income, and food availability were found. For example, the Mainly Healthy Diet profile was statistically associated with a higher family income and less access to unhealthy foods. The present study reinforces the idea that profiling diets can allow for a tailored healthy eating intervention model according to the specific needs of each diet profile.

scholarly journals Profiles of Academic Procrastination in Higher Education: A Cross-Cultural Study Using Latent Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Eren Halil ÖZBERK ◽  
Tuğba TÜRK KURTÇA
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Students ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Academic Tasks ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Latent Profiles ◽  
Latent Profile

Procrastination behaviour occurs when the person is obligated to do an activity, even they are not motivated to carry out the activity within the expected time frame. Literature studies define four types of procrastination: academic, decisional, life routines, and neurotic. This study focuses on academic procrastination in higher education. Academic procrastination is mainly related to delaying academic tasks such as handing in assignments and term papers or preparing for the exams at the last moment. This study compares Turkish and international students' academic and general procrastination profiles using latent profile analysis. For this purpose, latent profiles were estimated to reveal how students from different cultures are grouped according to academic and general procrastination behaviour. A total of 691 undergraduate students, 52.4% (361) Turkish and 47.6% (330) of international students registered for an academic program in higher education participated in the study. Results indicated that while Turkish students for three latent profiles defined as Tending to enjoyable Works, Neither Lessons nor Other Works and Ambition for Academic Success. On the other hand, International students only fit two latent profiles, which are defined as Academic Procrastination Tending to Enjoyable Works and Prioritizing Academic Tasks.

Is There a Link Between Postpartum Anemia And Discontinuation of Breastfeeding?

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
France M. Rioux ◽  
Nadya Savoie ◽  
Jacques Allard
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Health Canada

Purpose: Factors associated with early cessation of breastfeeding were identified and patterns of infant feeding were examined. Feeding practices were compared with the 1998 guidelines in Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants and with recent Health Canada recommendations. Methods: To recruit participants, a letter was sent to every mother (n=424) who gave birth at Dr. Georges-L. Dumont Regional Hospital in Moncton from April 1998 to February 1999. Eighty-five mothers agreed to participate with their infants. Information on infant feeding patterns and socioeconomic background was gathered with semi-structured questionnaires. Only healthy infants from singleton pregnancies were included in this study. Results: At birth, almost 83% of infants were breastfed. The proportions of infants breastfed for at least four, six, and nine months were 43%, 22%, and 9%, respectively. As many as 34% of infants were introduced to baby cereals before age four months, and 21% were introduced to cow’s milk before age nine months. Lower family income, lower level of parental education, and reduced postpartum hemoglobin level (below 95 g/L) were associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding before infants were four months old. Conclusions: Early postpartum nutrition interventions may be effective in ensuring follow-up care for mothers with compromised iron status, in supporting breastfeeding for at least six months, and in promoting better infant feeding practices.

scholarly journals Perfectionist Types in the English as a Foreign Language Teaching Profession in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wang ◽  
Tatiana M. Permyakova ◽  
Marina S. Sheveleva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Different Types

This study examines perfectionism in the English language teaching profession in Russia. The aims are threefold: 1) to use latent profile analysis (LPA) to classify English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers into different types of perfectionists; 2) to compare different types of perfectionists using depression-anxiety-stress indicators (DASS); 3) to study the link between perfectionism and the perception of one’s professional teaching activity. We used convenience sampling by collecting data from 117 English teachers (5% males, 95% females; age range 20-64; M= 39; SD=12) with the Short Almost Perfect Scale (SAPS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). LPA was conducted to determine the optimal number of types of individuals based on their SAPS profile. Three distinct classes of perfectionists were found (adaptive, maladaptive, non-perfectionists). 27% of the respondents fell into the category of maladaptive perfectionists with high scores on both the Standards and Discrepancy subscales. Teachers with higher Standards tend to be more aware of their perfectionism. Teachers who are less satisfied with their English proficiency tend to be more stressed at work. However, the results of the study did not indicate significant differences between the perfectionist types on anxiety, depression, and stress. The findings suggest the need to develop these scales further for measuring perfectionism in the teaching profession and in EFL teaching particularly.

scholarly journals Forget about the money? A latent profile analysis of calling and work motivation in Chinese employees

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Andreas Hirschi
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
External Incentives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latent Profile

PurposeCalling is typically associated with more intrinsic than extrinsic work motivation. This could give the impression that employees with a calling do not need or care about external rewards. To deepen the understanding of the relationship between calling and work motivation, the purpose of this paper is to test how calling is combined with different types of work motivation and how such combinations affect work outcomes differentially.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied latent profile analysis among Chinese employees with diverse occupations (N = 1,290), to identify calling and work motivation profiles and test their relations with work outcomes, assessed four months later.FindingsFour profiles emerged: externally motivated low calling, moderately externally motivated calling, moderately motivated calling and highly motivated calling. Employees with weaker and stronger callings indicated being extrinsically motivated for work. Employees in the highly motivated calling profile exhibited highest job satisfaction, lowest cynicism and lowest turnover intentions, followed by employees in the moderately motivated calling profile, the moderately externally motivated calling profile and the externally motivated low calling profile.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings imply that employees with a strong calling do care about external rewards and also benefit from external incentives to work.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore the differential relationship between calling and work motivation. Moreover, the findings offer insights regarding the under-researched notion that different types of calling predict work outcomes differently.

Profiling Student Readiness for Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
pp. 477-498
Author(s):  
Ferit Karakoyun ◽  
Bülent Basaran
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
State University ◽  
Learning Readiness ◽  
Student Profiles ◽  
E Learning

The purpose of this study was to identify the online learning readiness profiles of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explain their profile membership through their background characteristics. For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 330 university students studying at a state university, and latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on these data. As a result of the analyses, two student profiles were identified as “high e-learning readiness” and “low e-learning readiness.” Other findings obtained in the study revealed that student family income level, mother's education level, time and purpose of the internet use, having a computer or not, and their views on whether e-learning compensated for face-to-face education during the COVID-19 pandemic process explained the differences in the probabilities profile membership. On the other hand, gender and father's education level were found to have no relationship with profile membership. The findings were discussed in line with the related literature.

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