scholarly journals Simple Equations for Predicting Smoke Filling Time in Fire Rooms with Irregular Ceilings

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Yamaguchi ◽  
Takeyoshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Filling Time ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Smoke Filling

Evaluation of the room smoke filling time for fire plumes: Influence of the room geometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-803
Author(s):  
S. Haouari‐Harrak ◽  
R. Mehaddi ◽  
P. Boulet ◽  
E.M. Koutaiba
Keyword(s):  
Fire Plumes ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Smoke Filling

scholarly journals Impact of the room geometry on the smoke filling time due to a fire plume

2018 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 042022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Haouari Harrak ◽  
El Mehdi Koutaiba ◽  
Rabah Mehaddi ◽  
Pascal Boulet ◽  
Simon Becker
Keyword(s):  
Fire Plume ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Smoke Filling

Parametrization of the fire-smoke exhaust system for a large and high-rise atrium in Shanghai through salt-bath experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Juan Gui ◽  
Jun Gao ◽  
Xueli Hu
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust System ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Smoke Filling

Present specifications in Building Codes in China lack design parameters for smoke exhaust for large and high-rise atrium in buildings. An investigation of natural smoke filling and parametrization of fire-smoke exhaust in an atrium building in Shanghai was conducted based on salt-bath experiment, due to dynamic analogy between thermal smoke movement in air and brine dispersion in water. To obtain a small, scaled-down version of an atrium with a high polyfoam fire up to 1 MW, the brine-bath experiment was conducted with calcium chloride for small strength fire in small-space rooms, to demonstrate the natural smoke filling within the atrium. The interface height and filling time derived was highly comparable to those obtained by empirical equations. The results of computational fluid dynamics simulations agreed well with the salt-bath experiments. The evacuation time was also calculated with a dimensionless interface height of 0.2 to determine whether there was sufficient time for occupants to escape. The smoke filling process under mechanical smoke exhaust was also investigated by experiments, to parametrize the fire smoke exhaust system in the atrium. The optimal smoke exhaust level, natural and mechanical make-up level were determined and were recommended as the design parameters for the construction of atrium in buildings.

A Short Note on Using a Time Constant in Specifying Smoke Filling Time in an Atrium Under an Unsteady Fire

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.K. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Fire Zone ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Smoke Filling

A time constant derived from a t-squared fire with the geometry of an atrium is proposed to specify the smoke filling time. The smoke filling pro cesses in 27 atria with volume varying from 2,500 to 35,000 m3 were simulated by the fire zone model CFAST version 2.0. The atria are located adjacent to a "fire" shop at a lower level. Correlation relationships between the smoke filling time and the time constant are derived. Further, performance of smoke control systems in the atria are evaluated.

Optimal Experimental Design With Nesting of Persons in Organizations

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. P. van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Sampling Cost ◽  
Nested Designs ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This paper introduces optimal design of randomized experiments where individuals are nested within organizations, such as schools, health centers, or companies. The focus is on nested designs with two levels (organization, individual) and two treatment conditions (treated, control), with treatment assignment to organizations, or to individuals within organizations. For each type of assignment, a multilevel model is first presented for the analysis of a quantitative dependent variable or outcome. Simple equations are then given for the optimal sample size per level (number of organizations, number of individuals) as a function of the sampling cost and outcome variance at each level, with realistic examples. Next, it is explained how the equations can be applied if the dependent variable is dichotomous, or if there are covariates in the model, or if the effects of two treatment factors are studied in a factorial nested design, or if the dependent variable is repeatedly measured. Designs with three levels of nesting and the optimal number of repeated measures are briefly discussed, and the paper ends with a short discussion of robust design.

Gender Differences in Barriers to Occupational Health in Fire Service

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amruta A. Mardikar ◽  
Laurie E. Steffen ◽  
Nathan A. Kimbrel ◽  
Christina Fay ◽  
Rose T. Zimering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
In Fire

Correlation of Data Obtained by Radiocardiography and Right-Heart Catheterization in Cardiac Patients

1968 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
J. Měštan ◽  
V. Aschenbrenner ◽  
A. Michaljanič
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pulmonary Transit Time

SummaryIn patients with acquired and congenital valvular heart disease correlations of the parameters of the radiocardiographic curve (filling time of the right heart, minimal pulmonary transit time, peak-to-peak pulmonary transit time, and the so-called filling time of the left heart) with the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the mean pulmonary “capillary” pressure were studied. Further, a regression equation was determined by means of which the mean pulmonary “capillary” pressure can be predicted.

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