scholarly journals Further considerations on in vitro skeletal muscle cell death

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Battistelli ◽  
S. Salucci ◽  
S. Burattini ◽  
E. Falcieri
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell

Arachidonic acid supplementation enhances in vitro skeletal muscle cell growth via a COX-2-dependent pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (1) ◽  
pp. C56-C67 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Markworth ◽  
David Cameron-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Arachidonic acid (AA) is the metabolic precursor to a diverse range of downstream bioactive lipid mediators. A positive or negative influence of individual eicosanoid species [e.g., prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids] has been implicated in skeletal muscle cell growth and development. The collective role of AA-derived metabolites in physiological states of skeletal muscle growth/atrophy remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the direct effect of free AA supplementation and subsequent eicosanoid biosynthesis on skeletal myocyte growth in vitro . C2C12 (mouse) skeletal myocytes induced to differentiate with supplemental AA exhibited dose-dependent increases in the size, myonuclear content, and protein accretion of developing myotubes, independent of changes in cell density or the rate/extent of myogenic differentiation. Nonselective (indomethacin) or cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-selective (NS-398) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs blunted basal myogenesis, an effect that was amplified in the presence of supplemental free AA substrate. The stimulatory effects of AA persisted in preexisting myotubes via a COX-2-dependent (NS-389-sensitive) pathway, specifically implying dependency on downstream PG biosynthesis. AA-stimulated growth was associated with markedly increased secretion of PGF2α and PGE2; however, incubation of myocytes with PG-rich conditioned medium failed to mimic the effects of direct AA supplementation. In vitro AA supplementation stimulates PG release and skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy via a COX-2-dependent pathway.

scholarly journals An in vitro injury model to examine pericyte‐skeletal muscle cell cross talk

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E LaBarbera ◽  
Kevin S O'Fallon ◽  
Priscilla M Clarkson ◽  
Sarah Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Injury Model

scholarly journals Designed Functional Dispersion for Insulin Protection from Pepsin Degradation and Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation: In Silico and In Vitro Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera Chittepu ◽  
Poonam Kalhotra ◽  
Tzayhri Gallardo-Velázquez ◽  
Raúl Robles-de la Torre ◽  
Guillermo Osorio-Revilla
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Functional Dispersion

Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes with polyethylene glycol (PEGylated SWCNTs) are a promising nanomaterial that recently has emerged as the most attractive “cargo” to deliver chemicals, peptides, DNA and RNAs into cells. Insulin therapy is a recommended therapy to treat diabetes mellitus despite its side effects. Recently, functional dispersion made up of bioactive peptides, bioactive compounds and functionalized carbon nanomaterials such as PEGylated SWCNTs have proved to possess promising applications in nanomedicine. In the present study, molecular modeling simulations are utilized to assist in designing insulin hormone-PEGylated SWCNT composites, also called functional dispersion; to achieve this experimentally, an ultrasonication tool was utilized. Enzymatic degradation assay revealed that the designed functional dispersion protects about 70% of free insulin from pepsin. In addition, sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, the quantification of insulin and glucose levels in differentiated skeletal muscle cell supernatants, reveals that functional dispersion regulates glucose and insulin levels to promote skeletal muscle cell proliferation. These findings offer new perspectives for designed functional dispersion, as potential pharmaceutical preparations to improve insulin therapy and promote skeletal muscle cell health.

scholarly journals Cardiac actin is the major actin gene product in skeletal muscle cell differentiation in vitro.

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1449-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Bains ◽  
P Ponte ◽  
H Blau ◽  
L Kedes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Actin Genes ◽  
Cardiac Actin ◽  
Actin Mrna

We examined the expression of alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, and beta- and gamma-cytoskeletal actin genes in a mouse skeletal muscle cell line (C2C12) during differentiation in vitro. Using isotype-specific cDNA probes, we showed that the alpha-skeletal actin mRNA pool reached only 15% of the level reached in adult skeletal muscle and required several days to attain this peak, which was then stably maintained. However, these cells accumulated a pool of alpha-cardiac actin six times higher than the alpha-skeletal actin mRNA peak within 24 h of the initiation of differentiation. After cells had been cultured for an additional 3 days, this pool declined to 10% of its peak level. In contrast, over 95% of the actin mRNA in adult skeletal muscle coded for alpha-actin. This suggests that C2C12 cells express a pattern of sarcomeric actin genes typical of either muscle development or regeneration and distinct from that seen in mature, adult tissue. Concurrently in the course of differentiation the beta- and gamma-cytoskeletal actin mRNA pools decreased to less than 10% of their levels in proliferating cells. The decreases in beta- and gamma-cytoskeletal actin mRNAs are apparently not coordinately regulated.

scholarly journals Effect of Metformin Treatment on Skeletal Muscle Cell Death Pathways in Huntington's Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Linda M.-D. Nguyen ◽  
Peter J. Adhihetty ◽  
Thomas M. Hennessey ◽  
Daniel J. Ho ◽  
Noel Y. Calingasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Cell Death Pathways

scholarly journals Conditionally Immortalised Equine Skeletal Muscle Cell Lines for in Vitro Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Francis Rooney ◽  
Nuno Neto ◽  
Michael Monaghan ◽  
Emmeline Hill ◽  
Richard Porter
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Thoroughbred Horse

Abstract BackgroundThoroughbred racehorse performance is largely influenced by a major quantitative trait locus at the myostatin (MSTN) gene which determines aptitude for certain race distances due to a promoter region insertion mutation influencing functional phenotypes in skeletal muscle. To develop an in vitro system for functional experiments we established three novel equine skeletal muscle cell lines reflecting the variation in phenotype associated with MSTN genotype (CC/II, CT/IN and TT/NN for SNP g.66493737C>T/SINE insertion 227 bp polymorphism). Primary equine skeletal muscle myoblasts, isolated from Thoroughbred horse gluteus medius, were conditionally immortalised and evaluated to determine whether cell phenotype and metabolic function were comparable to functional characteristics previously reported for ex vivo skeletal muscle isolated from Thoroughbred horses with each genotype.ResultsPrimary myoblasts conditionally immortalized with the temperature sensitive SV40TtsA58 lentivirus vector successfully proliferated and could revert to their primary cell phenotype and differentiate into multinucleated myotubes. Skeletal muscle fibre type, MSTN gene expression, mitochondrial abundance, and mitochondrial function of the three MSTN genotype cell lines, were consistent with equivalent characterisation of ex vivo skeletal muscle samples with these genotypes. Furthermore, addition of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to the cell lines improved mitochondrial function, an observation consistent with ex vivo skeletal muscle samples with these genotypes following supplementation with CoQ10 in the diet. ConclusionsThe observation that the phenotypic characteristics and metabolic function of the cells lines are equivalent to ex vivo skeletal muscle indicates that this in vitro system will enable efficient and cost-effective analyses of equine skeletal muscle for a range of different applications including understanding metabolic function, testing of nutritional supplements, drug test development and gene doping test development. In the multi-billion-euro international Thoroughbred horse industry research advances in the biological function of skeletal muscle are likely to have considerable impact. Furthermore, this novel genotype-specific system may be adapted and applied to human biomedicine to improve understanding of the effects of myostatin in human physiology and medicine.

scholarly journals Nano-sized graphene oxide coated nanopillars on microgroove polymer arrays that enhance skeletal muscle cell differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Kyu Choi ◽  
Cheol-Hwi Kim ◽  
Sang Nam Lee ◽  
Tae-Hyung Kim ◽  
Byung-Keun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Microcontact Printing ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cellular Environment

AbstractThe degeneration or loss of skeletal muscles, which can be caused by traumatic injury or disease, impacts most aspects of human activity. Among various techniques reported to regenerate skeletal muscle tissue, controlling the external cellular environment has been proven effective in guiding muscle differentiation. In this study, we report a nano-sized graphene oxide (sGO)-modified nanopillars on microgroove hybrid polymer array (NMPA) that effectively controls skeletal muscle cell differentiation. sGO-coated NMPA (sG-NMPA) were first fabricated by sequential laser interference lithography and microcontact printing methods. To compensate for the low adhesion property of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used in this study, graphene oxide (GO), a proven cytophilic nanomaterial, was further modified. Among various sizes of GO, sGO (< 10 nm) was found to be the most effective not only for coating the surface of the NM structure but also for enhancing the cell adhesion and spreading on the fabricated substrates. Remarkably, owing to the micro-sized line patterns that guide cellular morphology to an elongated shape and because of the presence of sGO-modified nanostructures, mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) were efficiently differentiated into skeletal muscle cells on the hybrid patterns, based on the myosin heavy chain expression levels. Therefore, the developed sGO coated polymeric hybrid pattern arrays can serve as a potential platform for rapid and highly efficient in vitro muscle cell generation.

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