scholarly journals Cross-Border Movement of Highly Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Papua New Guinea to Australia through Torres Strait Protected Zone, 2010–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Bainomugisa ◽  
Sushil Pandey ◽  
Ellen Donnan ◽  
Graham Simpson ◽  
J’Belle Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Protected Zone ◽  
Cross Border Movement

On the Borderline: Who Is a “Traditional Inhabitant” under the Torres Strait Treaty?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Jennifer Corrin
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Protected Zone ◽  
Cross Border Movement

AbstractThe Torres Strait Treaty between Australia and Papua New Guinea (“PNG”) came into force in 1985. This unique treaty, which defines the maritime, seabed and fisheries boundaries between Australia and PNG, is recognised as one of the most complex, but imaginative maritime delimitation solutions in existence. The Treaty creates a Protected Zone with a view to safeguarding the traditional way of life and livelihood of traditional inhabitants of the Torres Strait and adjacent coast of PNG. Traditional inhabitants are allowed relatively unrestricted cross-border movement into the Protected Zone for the purpose of performing traditional activities. “Traditional inhabitants” are defined by the treaty, but the relevant provision is ambiguous and the question of who is within the terms of the Treaty is highly contentious. The problem is exacerbated by the competing layers of law which govern the Strait and surrounding Borderlands, and by the dissonance between State law, customary laws, and the practical application of the Treaty. This paper looks at the meaning of “traditional inhabitants” and some of the other issues surrounding this question.

DRUG RESISTANT STRAINS OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA

The Lancet ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 317 (8216) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Brian Darlow ◽  
Helena Vrbova ◽  
John Stace ◽  
Peter Heywood ◽  
Michael Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Revision of the genus Mitelloides Evans, with two new species from northern Australia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
M.M. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
North East ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Torres Strait

AbstractThe genus Mitelloides Evans is revised. Three species are recognised and described; M. moaensis Evans (the type species) and two new species, M. thorntonensís and M. mouldsi. A key to the males of the genus is provided, and the known distributions of all species are mapped. The genus is known only from north-east Queensland, the Torres Strait Islands, and Papua New Guinea.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Balimo Region of Papua New Guinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Diefenbach-Elstob ◽  
Vanina Guernier ◽  
Graham Burgess ◽  
Daniel Pelowa ◽  
Robert Dowi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Provincial Capital

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB), including drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). DR-TB has been identified in patients in Western Province, although there has been limited study outside the provincial capital of Daru. This study focuses on the Balimo region of Western Province, aiming to identify the proportion of DR-TB, and characterise Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug resistance-associated gene mutations. Sputum samples were investigated for MTB infection using published molecular methods. DNA from MTB-positive samples was amplified and sequenced, targeting the rpoB and katG genes to identify mutations associated with rifampicin and isoniazid resistance respectively. A total of 240 sputum samples were collected at Balimo District Hospital (BDH). Of these, 86 were classified as positive based on the results of the molecular assays. For samples where rpoB sequencing was successful, 10.0% (5/50, 95% CI 4.4–21.4%) were considered rifampicin-resistant through detection of drug resistance-associated mutations. We have identified high rates of presumptive DR-TB in the Balimo region of Western Province, PNG. These results emphasise the importance of further surveillance, and strengthening of diagnostic and treatment services at BDH and throughout Western Province, to facilitate detection and treatment of DR-TB, and limit transmission in this setting.

Conceptions of Health and Illness Held by Australian Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, and Papua New Guinea Health Science Students

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Boulton-Lewis ◽  
Hitendra Pillay ◽  
Lynn Wilss ◽  
David Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Science Courses ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Torres Strait

Health is considered to be a fundamental human right and developing a better understanding of health is assumed to be a global social goal (Bloom, 1987). Yet many third-world countries and some sub-populations within developed countries do not enjoy a healthy existence. The research reported in this paper examined the conceptions of health and conceptions of illness for a group of Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, and Papua New Guinea university students studying health science courses. Results found three conceptions of health and three conceptions of illness that indicated these students held a mix of traditional/cultural and Western beliefs. These findings may contribute to overcoming the dissonance between traditional and Western beliefs about health and the development of health care courses that are more specific to how these students understand health. This may also serve to improve the educational status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and potentially improve the health status within these communities.

The Sustainability of the Indigenous Dugong Fishery in Torres Strait, Australia / Papua New Guinea

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1375-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Marsh ◽  
A. N. M. Harris ◽  
I. R. Lawler
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Torres Strait

scholarly journals Multi-clonal evolution of MDR/XDRM. tuberculosisin a high prevalence setting in Papua New Guinea over three decades

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Bainomugisa ◽  
Evelyn Lavu ◽  
Stenard Hiashiri ◽  
Suman Majumdar ◽  
Alice Honjepari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Public Health Response

AbstractAn outbreak of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis has been reported on Daru Island, Papua New Guinea. TheMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains driving this outbreak and the temporal accrual of drug resistance mutations have not been described. We analyzed 100 isolates using whole genome sequencing and found 95 belonged to a single modern Beijing strain cluster. Molecular dating suggested acquisition of streptomycin and isoniazid resistance in the 1960s, with virulence potentially enhanced by amycP1mutation. The outbreak cluster demonstrated a high degree of co-resistance between isoniazid and ethionamide (80/95; 84.2%) attributed to aninhApromoter mutation combined withinhAandndhcoding mutations. Multidrug resistance (MDR), observed in 78/95 samples, emerged with the acquisition of a typicalrpoBmutation together with a compensatoryrpoCmutation in the 1980s. There was independent acquisition of fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance; with evidence of local transmission of extensively-drug resistant (XDR) strains from 2009. These findings underscore the importance of whole-genome sequencing in informing an effective public health response to MDR/XDRM. tuberculosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document