scholarly journals Lyme Disease Emergence after Invasion of the Blacklegged Tick,Ixodes scapularis, Ontario, Canada, 2010–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha A. Kulkarni ◽  
Isha Narula ◽  
Andreea M. Slatculescu ◽  
Curtis Russell
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Blacklegged Tick

High SNP density in the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, the principal vector of Lyme disease spirochetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Van Zee ◽  
William C. Black ◽  
Michael Levin ◽  
Jerome Goddard ◽  
Joshua Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Blacklegged Tick

scholarly journals Monitoring of Nesting Songbirds Detects Established Population of Blacklegged Ticks and Associated Lyme Disease Endemic Area in Canada

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Scott ◽  
Emily L. Pascoe ◽  
Muhammad S. Sajid ◽  
Janet E. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Flab Gene ◽  
Local Healthcare ◽  
Established Population

This study provides a novel method of documenting established populations of bird-feeding ticks. Single populations of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, and the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, were revealed in southwestern Québec, Canada. Blacklegged tick nymphs and, similarly, larval and nymphal rabbit ticks were tested for the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), using PCR and the flagellin (flaB) gene, and 14 (42%) of 33 of blacklegged tick nymphs tested were positive. In contrast, larval and nymphal H. leporsipalustris ticks were negative for Bbsl. The occurrence of Bbsl in I. scapularis nymphs brings to light the presence of a Lyme disease endemic area at this songbird nesting locality. Because our findings denote that this area is a Lyme disease endemic area, and I. scapularis is a human-biting tick, local residents and outdoor workers must take preventive measures to avoid tick bites. Furthermore, local healthcare practitioners must include Lyme disease in their differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Modelling Spatiotemporal Patterns of Lyme Disease Emergence in Québec

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9669
Author(s):  
Marc-Antoine Tutt-Guérette ◽  
Mengru Yuan ◽  
Daniel Szaroz ◽  
Britt McKinnon ◽  
Yan Kestens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Lyme disease is a growing public health problem in Québec. Its emergence over the last decade is caused by environmental and anthropological factors that favour the survival of Ixodes scapularis, the vector of Lyme disease transmission. The objective of this study was to estimate the speed and direction of human Lyme disease emergence in Québec and to identify spatiotemporal risk patterns. A surface trend analysis was conducted to estimate the speed and direction of its emergence based upon the first detected case of Lyme disease in each municipality in Québec since 2004. A cluster analysis was also conducted to identify at-risk regions across space and time. These analyses were reproduced for the date of disease onset and date of notification for each case of Lyme disease. It was estimated that Lyme disease is spreading northward in Québec at a speed varying between 18 and 32 km/year according to the date of notification and the date of disease onset, respectively. A significantly high risk of disease was found in seven clusters identified in the south-west of Québec in the sociosanitary regions of Montérégie and Estrie. The results obtained in this study improve our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of Lyme disease in Québec, which can be used for proactive, targeted interventions by public and clinical health authorities.

scholarly journals Immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected From Peromyscus leucopus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) and Peromyscus maniculatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) Nests in Northern Wisconsin

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T Larson ◽  
Xia Lee ◽  
Tela Zembsch ◽  
Gebbiena M Bron ◽  
Susan M Paskewitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, is the primary Lyme disease vector in the eastern United States. Both immature stages of I. scapularis take blood meals from mice belonging to the genus Peromyscus. Mice are active during the night and spend the majority of diel periods in nests. Thus, immature I. scapularis have a greater opportunity to drop from Peromyscus hosts while in nests compared with the forest floor. Here, we collected 11 Peromyscus nests during a 3-mo period during which the immature I. scapularis are known to be active. We then examined nesting materials for the presence of I. scapularis. Immature I. scapularis were detected in 64% of Peromyscus nests examined. Additionally, 55% of the nests contained at least one Dermacentor variabilis Say larva. Eighty-seven percent of all larval ticks found within nests were blood-fed. Because Peromyscus spp. are highly competent reservoirs of numerous tick-borne pathogens, the ticks that detach in their nests may be important for the maintenance of tick-borne diseases. However, further studies are needed to determine the fate of the I. scapularis that detach in Peromyscus nests.

scholarly journals Landscape determinants of density of blacklegged ticks, vectors of Lyme disease, at the northern edge of their distribution in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Talbot ◽  
Andreea Slatculescu ◽  
Charles R. Thickstun ◽  
Jules K. Koffi ◽  
Patrick A. Leighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Tick Density ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
The Many

Abstract In eastern North America, including Canada, Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and transmitted to humans by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. The last decade has seen a growing incidence of Lyme disease in Canada, following the northward range expansion of I. scapularis tick populations from endemic areas in eastern United States. This may be attributable to movement of the many hosts that they parasitize, including songbirds, deer and small mammals. In this study, we wanted to test the effect of spatial, temporal and ecological variables, on blacklegged tick density and infection rates, near the northern limit of their distribution in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. We found an effect of both proportion of forested areas and distance to roads, on density of I. scapularis ticks and prevalence of infection by B. burgdorferi. We also found an effect of both sampling year and ordinal sampling data on prevalence of infection by B. burgdorferi. In six adjacent sites showing evidence of reproducing I. scapularis populations, we found that forest composition and structure influenced density of I. scapularis ticks. Our results suggest that blacklegged tick density and infection rate in Canada may be influenced by a variety of factors.

scholarly journals First report of a blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), parasitizing a raptor in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Scott ◽  
Janet E. Foley ◽  
Monica R. Young ◽  
Lance A. Durden
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
First Report ◽  
American Kestrel ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Base Of The Tongue

We document the first report of a blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, parasitizing an American Kestrel, Falco sparverius Linnaeus (Falconiformes: Falconidae), in Canada. A fully engorged I. scapularis nymph was collected from the base of the tongue of an American Kestrel nestling recovered at Mirabel, Québec. This nestling had recently fledged the nest, and was exposed to I. scapularis immatures that were host-seeking in the surrounding low-level vegetation. DNA barcoding was used to confirm the identification of the tick. Primers of the flagellin (fla) gene were employed to determine whether the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner, was present in the I. scapularis nymph; the tick was negative. We provide the first report of I. scapularis parasitizing a raptor in Canada and, likewise, the first account of this tick species attached to the oral cavity of a bird. Moreover, this bird parasitism is the first documentation of a tick on a falconid bird in Canada.

scholarly journals Species distribution models for the eastern blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, and the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, in Ontario, Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0238126
Author(s):  
Andreea M. Slatculescu ◽  
Katie M. Clow ◽  
Roman McKay ◽  
Benoit Talbot ◽  
James J. Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Blacklegged Tick

Decoupling of Blacklegged Tick Abundance and Lyme Disease Incidence in Southern Maine, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P Elias ◽  
Kirk A Maasch ◽  
Norman T Anderson ◽  
Peter W Rand ◽  
Eleanor H Lacombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Tick Abundance ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
A Site

Abstract Lyme disease is caused by the bacterial spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt, and Brenner (Spirocheatales: Spirochaetaceae) which is transmitted through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae). Maine, USA, is a high Lyme disease incidence state, with rising incidence of Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses associated with increasing I. scapularis abundance and northward range expansion. Members of the public submitted ticks to a tick identification program (1990–2013). From these passive surveillance data, we characterized temporal trends in I. scapularis submission rate (an index of abundance), comparing Maine’s northern tier (seven counties) versus southern tier (nine counties). In the northern tier, the I. scapularis submission rate increased throughout the duration of the time series, suggesting I. scapularis was emergent but not established. By contrast, in the southern tier, submission rate increased initially but leveled off after 10–14 yr, suggesting I. scapularis was established by the mid-2000s. Active (field) surveillance data from a site in the southern tier—bird tick burdens and questing adult tick collections—corroborated this leveling pattern. Lyme disease incidence and I. scapularis submission rate were temporally correlated in the northern but not southern tier. This suggested a decoupling of reported disease incidence and entomological risk.

scholarly journals Modelling Spatiotemporal Patterns of Lyme Disease Emergence in Québec

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Antoine Tutt-Gurétte ◽  
Mengru Yuan ◽  
Daniel Szarosz ◽  
Britt McKinnon ◽  
Yan Kestens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Lyme disease is a growing public health problem in Québec. Its emergence over the last decade is caused by environmental and anthropological factors that favour the survival of Ixodes scapularis, the vector of Lyme disease transmission. The objective of this study was to estimate the speed and direction of Lyme disease emergence in Québec and to identify spatiotemporal risk patterns. A surface trend analysis was conducted to estimate the speed and direction of its emergence based upon the first detected case of Lyme disease in each municipality in Québec since 2004. A cluster analysis was also conducted to identify at-risk regions across space and time. These analyses were reproduced for the date of disease onset and date of notification for each case of Lyme disease. It was estimated that Lyme disease is spreading northward in Québec at a speed varying between 18 and 32 km/year according to the date of notification and the date of disease onset, respectively. A high rate of disease risk was found in seven clusters identified in the south-west of Québec in the sociosanitary regions of Montérégie and Estrie. The results obtained in this study improve our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of Lyme disease in Québec, which can be used for proactive, targeted interventions by public and clinical health authorities.

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