scholarly journals Meeting the Challenge of Influenza Pandemic Preparedness in Developing Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Fedson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness

scholarly journals Major Issues and Challenges of Influenza Pandemic Preparedness in Developing Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Oshitani ◽  
Taro Kamigaki ◽  
Akira Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness

scholarly journals Does influenza pandemic preparedness and mitigation require gain-of-function research?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Dillon C. Adam ◽  
Daniel Magee ◽  
Chau M. Bui ◽  
Matthew Scotch ◽  
C. Raina MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Gain Of Function

scholarly journals The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the institutional change in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-601
Author(s):  
Tomasz Legiędź
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Impact

Motivation: The Covid-19 pandemic is having a critical impact on economies, especially in developing countries. Such a serious external shock affects the distribution of economic rents, thus leading to potentially large institutional changes. Naturally, in the short term we are dealing with an economic crisis and a restriction of civil liberties in both autocratic and democratic countries, however, it is not known what the dynamics of institutional changes will be in the longer run. Aim: The main purpose of the article is to answer if the Covid-19 pandemic becomes a turning point that will determine the institutional system in developing countries for the next few decades. The first part of the article outlines the theory of institutional change, with particular emphasis on the role of external shocks. The next section presents studies on the socioeconomic impact of two major epidemics: The Black Death and the Great Influenza Pandemic. The third part conducts an assessment as to what extent the current pandemic may affect institutions in developing countries, by reference to the example of two countries: Tunisia and Cambodia. The analysis is conducted from the perspective of the new institutional economics. Results: If we look at the experiences from previous pandemics, current events and refer to the literature on the theory of institutional change, we can conclude that significant institutional changes caused by Covid-19 are unlikely. The process of institutional change is characterized by a specific complexity and changing dynamics. Nonetheless, it is the internal factors, reflecting the actions of people trying to maximize the benefits, which are the main cause of change in an institutional system. Therefore, the Covid-19 pandemic is more likely to strengthen the endogeneity of the process of institutional change, rather than change its course.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of mass immunisation in influenza pandemic preparedness: A modelling study for the UK context

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (33) ◽  
pp. 5163-5170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Grieco ◽  
Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths ◽  
Edwin van Leeuwen ◽  
Peter Grove ◽  
Martin Utley
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Modelling Study

The application of pseudotypes to influenza pandemic preparedness

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferrara ◽  
Eleonora Molesti ◽  
Nigel Temperton
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Vero Cell-Derived Master Donor Viruses for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Po-Ling Chen ◽  
Tsai-Teng Tzeng ◽  
Alan Yung-Chih Hu ◽  
Lily Hui-Ching Wang ◽  
Min-Shi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cell ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
Production Platform

The embryonated egg-based platform currently produces the majority of seasonal influenza vaccines by employing a well-developed master donor virus (MDV, A/PR/8/34 (PR8)) to generate high-growth reassortants (HGRs) for A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 subtypes. Although the egg-based platform can supply enough seasonal influenza vaccines, it cannot meet surging demands during influenza pandemics. Therefore, multi-purpose platforms are desirable for pandemic preparedness. The Vero cell-based production platform is widely used for human vaccines and could be a potential multi-purpose platform for pandemic influenza vaccines. However, many wild-type and egg-derived influenza viruses cannot grow efficiently in Vero cells. Therefore, it is critical to develop Vero cell-derived high-growth MDVs for pandemic preparedness. In this study, we evaluated two in-house MDVs (Vero-15 and VB5) and two external MDVs (PR8 and PR8-HY) to generate Vero cell-derived HGRs for five avian influenza viruses (AIVs) with pandemic potentials (H5N1 clade 2.3.4, H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1, American-lineage H5N2, H7N9 first wave and H7N9 fifth wave). Overall, no single MDV could generate HGRs for all five AIVs, but this goal could be achieved by employing two in-house MDVs (vB5 and Vero-15). In immunization studies, mice received two doses of Vero cell-derived inactivated H5N1 and H7N9 whole virus antigens adjuvanted with alum and developed robust antibody responses.

scholarly journals Potency of an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine against a Challenge with A/Swine/Missouri/A01727926/2015 (H4N6) in Mice for Pandemic Preparedness

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Hayashi ◽  
Norikazu Isoda ◽  
Enkhbold Bazarragchaa ◽  
Naoki Nomura ◽  
Keita Matsuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Antigenic Relation ◽  
High Immunogenicity

H4 influenza viruses have been isolated from birds across the world. In recent years, an H4 influenza virus infection has been confirmed in pigs. Pigs play an important role in the transmission of influenza viruses to human hosts. Therefore, it is important to develop a new vaccine in the case of an H4 influenza virus infection in humans, considering that this virus has a different antigenicity from seasonal human influenza viruses. In this study, after selecting vaccine candidate strains based on their antigenic relation to one of the pig isolates, A/swine/Missouri/A01727926/2015 (H4N6) (MO/15), an inactivated whole-particle vaccine was prepared from A/swan/Hokkaido/481102/2017 (H4N6). This vaccine showed high immunogenicity in mice, and the antibody induced by the vaccine showed high cross-reactivity to the MO/15 virus. This vaccine induced sufficient neutralizing antibodies and mitigated the effects of an MO/15 infection in a mouse model. This study is the first to suggest that an inactivated whole-particle vaccine prepared from an influenza virus isolated from wild birds is an effective countermeasure in case of a future influenza pandemic caused by the H4 influenza virus.

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