scholarly journals HYDROGEN - ENERGY FOR BULGARIA

2011 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Alexander Sadovski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The purpose of this work is to identify and present the opportunities for Bulgaria to use hydrogen as an energy source. Today's primary energy sources are mostly non-renewable - coal, oil, natural gas and conventional sources of nuclear energy. There are also renewable sources such as falling water, solar radiation, plants, manure, wind and geothermal sources. Theoretically, all types of energy sources can be used in Bulgaria, but each has its advantages and disadvantages or risks in terms of human health impact, of environmental and economic perspective. Still many governmental bodies and some of the scientific community underestimated the threat to the ozone layer caused by combustion processes and emissions from thermal power plants (TPPs) and transport. The problem of global warming and the preservation of the ozone layer will encourage Bulgaria to focus efforts and resources for using hydrogen as an energy source. The Black Sea is the world's largest body of water containing H2S and hydrogen sulfide layer that begins about 200 meters below the surface. The total supply of hydrogen sulfide in the Black Sea is estimated at about 4.6 x 109 tons. Interest in that reserve is manifested by the countries around the Sea - Turkey, Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Bulgaria and Georgia. Methods for extracting hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide are in development. There are concerns that the increase of hydrogen sulfide in the Black Sea may cause huge environmental disaster that can be countered by its reduction and use.

scholarly journals The use of agricultural waste for the renewable energy production

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Zapalowska ◽  
Ulyana Bashutska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biogas Plants

In addition to hydroelectric power plants, solar and wind power plants, biogas plants are important in the production of electricity and heat from renewable energy sources. It is known that depending on the type of substrate used for processing and the design features of biogas plants, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, properly localized biomass installation is able to decrease the use of conventional materials reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Bio-waste, plant residues and other by-products can be used to produce electricity, heat and purified methane as fuel for repaired vehicles. Biogas production is a key technology for the sustainable use of agricultural biomass as a renewable energy source. Both, Poland and Ukraine, have a large agricultural area, and well developed animal cattery, which creates opportunities for alternative energy sources from biomass development.          Agricultural biogas plant energy produced from waste such manure, slurry and another agricultural waste, is an excellent source of heat, likewise, electricity. Therefore the importance of using agricultural waste as an energy source in the production of biogas shall be emphasized. A significant drawback of the system is the need to provide low economic and environmental losses. For this purpose, the place of biomass harvesting, transport and its preparation together with storage should be taken into account. To achieve the highest efficiency, small biogas plants should have permanent composition of substrate consisting of various ingredients.                 Ukraine and Poland has considerable potential of renewable energy sources development of which can provide significant economic, ecological, and social benefits. The production of biogas has become an attractive source of extra income for many farmers. Biogas production has a useful effect not only on economic, but ecological development, particularly in the rural regions. At the same time, environmental protection aspects have gained additional importance, so that anaerobic treatment processes have become a key technology for environmental and climate protection.          On the basis of the submitted documentation by the municipal administration and the manufacturer, the operation of biogas plants for the processing of organic agricultural waste in Gorajec and Odrzechowa (Poland) has been presented.

scholarly journals ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ОТРИМАННЯ ВОДНЮ ШЛЯХОМ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РЕГЕНЕРАЦІЙНОГО КОНТУРУ З РОТОРНО-ПОРШНЕВОЮ РОЗШИРЮВАЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Михайло Романович Ткач ◽  
Аркадій Юрійович Проскурін ◽  
Олександр Сергійович Митрофанов ◽  
Юрій Миколайович Галинкін
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Hydraulic Turbine ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

The article discusses a promising technology for the production and safe accumulation of hydrogen from the Black Sea hydrogen sulfide, which includes the following processes: production of hydrogen sulfide from the depths of the Black Sea; separation of hydrogen sulfide and seawater; destruction of hydrogen sulfide to produce a hydrogen-containing gas; separation of hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing gas; safe hydrogen storage; safe transportation of hydrogen. It is proposed to use the regeneration circuit to increase the efficiency of this technology, which includes: an expansion machine for high-pressure hydrogen sulfide, a seawater hydraulic turbine, and a heat pump installation. It is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the application of the technology for the production and safe accumulation of hydrogen from the Black Sea hydrogen sulfide by effective capacity, which includes: thermal power of hydrogen, power of the regeneration circuit; the power needed to carry out hydrogen production processes. It is proposed to use the 20RPD-4.4/1.75 rotary piston engine as a hydrogen sulfide expansion machine that will satisfy all the requirements. Rational operating modes and limiting values of the efficiency of using the technology for obtaining and safe accumulation of hydrogen from the Black Sea hydrogen sulfide for daily hydrogen production of 200 kg/day were determined depending on the degree of hydrogen sulfide conversion during destruction, the gas content of hydrogen sulfide in seawater and the depth of immersion of the lifting pipeline using the regeneration circuit. The minimum permissible degrees of conversion at which the efficiency of using the technology for obtaining and safe accumulation of hydrogen from the Black Sea hydrogen sulfide for a gas content of hydrogen sulfide of 2.5 m3/m3 at a depth of immersion of the lifting pipeline of 250...1000 m is 0.427 ... 0.413, for 5 m3/m3 – 0.375...0.363, for 7.5 m3/m3 – 0.363...0.350, for 10 m3/m3 – 0.356...0.343. The use of the regeneration circuit allowed us to reduce the minimum permissible degrees of conversion for the gas content of hydrogen sulfide of 2.5...10 m3/m3 at a depth of immersion of the lifting pipeline of 250...1000 m by 0.136 ... 0.069.

scholarly journals Analyzing Trade in Continuous Intra-Day Electricity Market: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3860
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shinde ◽  
Ioannis Boukas ◽  
David Radu ◽  
Miguel Manuel de Manuel de Villena ◽  
Mikael Amelin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Agent Based

In recent years, the vast penetration of renewable energy sources has introduced a large degree of uncertainty into the power system, thus leading to increased trading activity in the continuous intra-day electricity market. In this paper, we propose an agent-based modeling framework to analyze the behavior and the interactions between renewable energy sources, consumers and thermal power plants in the European Continuous Intra-day (CID) market. Additionally, we propose a novel adaptive trading strategy that can be used by the agents that participate in CID market. The agents learn how to adapt their behavior according to the arrival of new information and how to react to changing market conditions by updating their willingness to trade. A comparative analysis was performed to study the behavior of agents when they adopt the proposed strategy as opposed to other benchmark strategies. The effects of unexpected outages and information asymmetry on the market evolution and the market liquidity were also investigated.

Power Cycles of Generation III and III+ Nuclear Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Igor Pioro ◽  
Pavel Kirillov ◽  
Romney Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

It is well known that the electrical-power generation is the key factor for advances in any other industries, agriculture and level of living. In general, electrical energy can be generated by: 1) non-renewable-energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear; and 2) renewable-energy sources such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and marine. However, the main sources for electrical-energy generation are: 1) thermal - primary coal and secondary natural gas; 2) “large” hydro and 3) nuclear. The rest of the energy sources might have visible impact just in some countries. Modern advanced thermal power plants have reached very high thermal efficiencies (55–62%). In spite of that they are still the largest emitters of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Due to that, reliable non-fossil-fuel energy generation, such as nuclear power, becomes more and more attractive. However, current Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are way behind by thermal efficiency (30–42%) compared to that of advanced thermal power plants. Therefore, it is important to consider various ways to enhance thermal efficiency of NPPs. The paper presents comparison of thermodynamic cycles and layouts of modern NPPs and discusses ways to improve their thermal efficiencies.

Consumption of combustible minerals in the context of the targets of sustainable development of Ukraine and global environment changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (185-186) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Myroslav Podolskyy ◽  
Dmytro Bryk ◽  
Lesia Kulchytska-Zhyhailo ◽  
Oleh Gvozdevych
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union

An analysis of Ukraine’s sustainable development targets, in particular in the field of energy, resource management and environmental protection, are presented. It is shown that regional energetic is a determining factor for achieving the aims of sustainable development. Changes in the natural environment in Ukraine due to external (global) and internal (local) factors that are intertwined and overlapped can cause threats to socio-economic development. It is proved that in the areas of mining and industrial activity a multiple increase in emissions of pollutants into the environment are observed. The comparison confirmed the overall compliance of the structure of consumption of primary energy resources (solid fossil fuels, natural gas, nuclear fuel, oil and petroleum products, renewable energy sources) in Ukraine and in the European Union, shows a steaby trend to reduce the share of solid fuels and natural gas and increasing the shares of energy from renewable sources. For example, in Ukraine the shares in the production and cost of electricity in 2018 was: the nuclear power plants – 54.33 % and in the cost – 26.60 %, the thermal power – 35.95 and 59.52 %, the renewable energy sources – 9.6 and 13.88 %. The energy component must be given priority, as it is crucial for achieving of all other goals of sustainable development and harmonization of socio-economic progress. The paper systematizes the indicators of regional energy efficiency and proposes a dynamic model for the transition to sustainable energy development of the region.

On the Possible Presence of Oxygen in the Upper Sediment Layer of the Hydrogen Sulfide Zone in the Black Sea

Oceanology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Stunzhas ◽  
M. B. Gulin ◽  
A. G. Zatsepin ◽  
E. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sediment Layer

scholarly journals Assessment of efficiency and prospects for the use of hybrid thermal low-capacity power plants in the Republic of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 01040 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Nguen ◽  
D. N. Pham ◽  
G. R. Mingaleeva ◽  
O. V. Afanaseva ◽  
P. Zunino
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Air Heating ◽  
The Republic

The growing demand for energy and fossil fuels creates increased number of difficulties, while renewable energy sources are still rarely used worldwide, particularly in Vietnam. In this article hybrid thermal power plants based on gas turbine plants are discussed, the increased efficiency of which is achieved by air heating after the compressor in solar air heaters. The basic design equations and the results of evaluating the efficiency and fuel consumption are presented for two thermal power plants of 4.6 MW and 11.8 MW. The dependence of the results on the intensity of solar extraction for the climatic conditions of the Ninh Thuan province of the Republic of Vietnam is discussed.

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