The Role Of Water In Aerosol Climate Forcing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Aerosol Climate Forcing

The role of carbon dioxide in climate forcing from 1979 to 2004: introduction of the Annual Greenhouse Gas Index

Tellus B ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hofmann ◽  
J. H. Butler ◽  
E. J. Dlugokencky ◽  
J. W. Elkins ◽  
K. Masarie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Forcing

On the role of vertical and horizontal model resolution for the simulation of stratospheric transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hella Garny ◽  
Simone Dietmüller ◽  
Roland Eichinger ◽  
Aman Gupta ◽  
Marianna Linz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Numerical Dispersion ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Model Resolution ◽  
Residual Circulation ◽  
Year 2000

<p>The stratospheric transport circulation, or Brewer-Dobson Circulation (BDC), is often conceptually seperated into advection along the residual circulation and two-way mixing. In particular the latter part has recently been found to exert a strong influence on inter-model differences of mean age of Air (AoA), a common measure of the BDC. However, the precise reason for model differences in two-way mixing remains unknown, as many model<br>components in multi-model projects differ. One component that likely plays an important role is model resolution, both vertically and horizontally. To analyse this aspect, we carried out a set of simulations with identical and constant year 2000 climate forcing varying the spectral horizontal<br>resolution (T31,T42,T63,T85) and the number of vertical levels (L31,L47,L90). We find that increasing the vertical resolution leads to an increase in mean AoA. Most of this change can be attributed to aging by mixing. The mixing efficiency, defined as the ratio of isentropic mixing strength and the diabatic circulation, shows the same dependency on vertical resolution. While horizontal resolution changes do not systematically change mean AoA, we do<br>find a systematic decrease in the mixing efficiency with increasing horizontal resolution. Non-systematic changes in the residual circulation partly compensate the mixing efficiency changes, leading to the non-systematic mean AoA changes. The mixing efficiency changes with vertical and horizontal resolution are consistent with expectations on the effects of numerical dispersion on mean AoA. To further investigate the most relevant regions of mixing differences, we analyse height-resolved mixing efficiency differences. Overall, this work will help to shed light on the underlying reasons for the large biases of climate models in simulating stratospheric transport.</p>

Strategizing food security: Natural and economic environment for the agricultural sector's advancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1052
Author(s):  
Denis Yu. SAMYGIN
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Conditions

Subject. This article examines the impact of the natural and economic conditions and factors of Russia's regions on the development of agriculture. Objectives. The article aims to assess the role of climate forcing in the development of agriculture. Methods. For the study, I used the binning technique. An author-developed spatial database of Russia's regions for 2017–2019 was used as an information resource. The cadastral value of one hectare of agricultural land was used as an analytical expression of the natural and economic conditions of business activities. Results. The article describes a directly proportional dependence of and relationships between natural-and-economic conditions and achieved results in the production and consumption of quality products per capita. Conclusions. It is advisable to increase the amount of government support for regions with unfavorable production conditions, develop the competitive potential of the majority of farms in relation to products that are profitable for producers and consumers.

scholarly journals Role of sustainomics and external climate forcing mechanism in biodiversity extinction : An overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Neerja Upadhyaya ◽  
Ruchi Jain ◽  
R. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Living Organisms

Over millions of years, physiology and anatomy of the living organisms has been changed due to internal climate forcing mechanism. This has influenced the world wide distribution of species. External climate forcing mechanism has caused rapid rise in earth’s temperature and it is expected to rise by 2-4 °C by the end of the century. It has now been recognised as the most complex problem of present scenario and being concerned in almost every field of science. Climate change is the most sensitive issue which is a challenge not only for the government and society but also for each individual. In the present communication impact of external climate forcing mechanism on biodiversity and its extinction is being analysed and role of sustainomics for the same is overviewed. Studies reveal that the rate of speciation of flora and fauna is not in the accordance with the rate of externally enforced climate change. Thus, the increased rate of climate change has caused catastrophic mass extinction threat for plants, animals and insects in the anthrapocene era. The pattern of extinction and threatened species are not yet known. Various solutions for the problem have been suggested by the multidisciplinary researches, rooted by the sustainomics. These suggestions include to diverge from fossil fuel, to use renewables, to make and apply rules for 3Rs etc. Only cooperative involvement of social, scientific and industrial bodies may resolve the problem.

The role of the sun in climate forcing

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Beer ◽  
W Mende ◽  
R Stellmacher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Forcing ◽  
The Sun

scholarly journals Simulated retreat of Jakobshavn Isbræ since the Little Ice Age controlled by geometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2249-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Steiger ◽  
Kerim H. Nisancioglu ◽  
Henning Åkesson ◽  
Basile de Fleurian ◽  
Faezeh M. Nick
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Response

Abstract. Rapid retreat of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers coincides with regional warming trends, which have broadly been used to explain these rapid changes. However, outlet glaciers within similar climate regimes experience widely contrasting retreat patterns, suggesting that the local fjord geometry could be an important additional factor. To assess the relative role of climate and fjord geometry, we use the retreat history of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland, since the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum in 1850 as a baseline for the parameterization of a depth- and width-integrated ice flow model. The impact of fjord geometry is isolated by using a linearly increasing climate forcing since the LIA and testing a range of simplified geometries. We find that the total length of retreat is determined by external factors – such as hydrofracturing, submarine melt and buttressing by sea ice – whereas the retreat pattern is governed by the fjord geometry. Narrow and shallow areas provide pinning points and cause delayed but rapid retreat without additional climate warming, after decades of grounding line stability. We suggest that these geometric pinning points may be used to locate potential sites for moraine formation and to predict the long-term response of the glacier. As a consequence, to assess the impact of climate on the retreat history of a glacier, each system has to be analyzed with knowledge of its historic retreat and the local fjord geometry.

Impacts of Heinrich events upon Human existence potential in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Rostami ◽  
Konstantin Klein ◽  
Christian Wegener ◽  
Yaping Shao ◽  
Gerd-Christian Weniger
Keyword(s):  
Aridity Index ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Heinrich Events ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Heinrich events are recognized as the dominant periods of extreme cold terrestrial climate conditions during the last glacial period. The role of climate forcing alone upon Human Existence Potential (HEP) during extreme events, e.g. Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events, is not yet sufficiently resolved. By reproducing climate variables during the two extreme cold and warm cycles by means of an Earth System Model, employing an improved HEP model, and utilizing archaeological excavation sites, we report the spatial distribution of HEP over Europe during both cold stadials and warm interstadials corresponding to the two Upper Palaeolithic technocomplexes: Late Gravettian and Aurignacian. By introducing some other diagnostics like Environmental Human Catchment, which is defined as an area delimited by low HEP, cooling-aridity index, and Least Cost Path among colonized people, we shed light into population dynamics in this epoch. Consecutive extreme cold and warm cycles, corresponding to contraction-expansion of HEP, supports the hypothesis of repetitive depopulation–repopulation cycles of habitats. Regarding the controversial issue of late survival location of Neanderthals, we illustrate that western coastlines had such a suitable and stable HEP scores for all human taxa including Neanderthals to survive during Heinrich events.</p>

scholarly journals Satellite-based estimate of the direct and indirect aerosol climate forcing

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (D5) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Quaas ◽  
Olivier Boucher ◽  
Nicolas Bellouin ◽  
Stefan Kinne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Aerosol Climate Forcing
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