Green Synthesis Of Functionalized Nanoparticles Using A Fractional Factorial Design: Impact On Particle Size And Distribution Optimization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa S. Elazazy ◽  
Ahmed A. Issa ◽  
Maha Al-Mashreky ◽  
Maetha Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Khalid Al-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Functionalized Nanoparticles

scholarly journals A Fractional Factorial Design to Study the Effect of Process Variables on the Preparation of Hyaluronidase Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Narayanan ◽  
V. M. Subrahmanyam ◽  
J. Venkata Rao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Phase Volume Ratio ◽  
External Phase

The present study was initiated to understand the effect of PLGA concentration, PVA concentration, internal-external phase ratio, homogenization speed, and homogenization time on mean particle size, zeta potential, and percentage drug encapsulation using fractional factorial design. Using PLGA (50-50) as the carrier, hyaluronidase loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The particle size was analyzed by dynamic light scattering technique and protein content by Lowry method. The study showed that homogenization speed as an independent variable had maximum effect on particle size and zeta potential. Internal-external phase volume ratio had maximum effect on drug encapsulation. Mean particle size also had high dependency on the combined effect of PVA concentration and phase volume ratio. Using fractional factorial design particle size of <400 nm, zeta potential of <−30 mV, and percentage encapsulation of 15–18% were achieved.

scholarly journals Investigation of Factors Affecting Biogas Production from Cassava Peels by Fractional Factorial Design Experimental Methodology

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
M. T. Nkodi ◽  
K. C. Mulaji ◽  
M. R. Mabela ◽  
S. J. Kayembe ◽  
M. E. Biey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Cassava Peels

The aim of this study was to investigate parameters affecting biogas production from cassava peels by using fractional factorial design method. The parameters studied were initial pH, organic loading rate, particle size and co-substrate type. Eight biodigesters (TH1, TH2, TH3, TH4, TH5, TH6, TH7 and TH8) in duplicate were performed to produce biogas from cassava peels. The experimental results showed that organic loading rate (X2), particle size (X3) and co-substrate (X4) have significant effect on the yield of biogas. The full mathematical model developed includes two main effects (X2 and X3) and three interactions (X1X2, X2X3 and X1X2X3). Reduced model was introduced in the present study. The highest volume of biogas (2252 mL) was obtained in digester TH2 under the following conditions: initial pH 7.8, 5% TS, ≤2 mm of particle and urea as co-substrate, while digester TH8 had slightly low biogas yield (2129.5 mL). Thus, the best conditions to produce biogas from cassava peels are those of TH2. 

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PARAMETERS FOR SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION OF ZINGIBER ZERUMBET USING FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Khairunisa Mohd Amir ◽  
Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin ◽  
Kamyar Shameli ◽  
Izzati Mohamad Abdul Wahab ◽  
Mariani Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Zingiber Zerumbet ◽  
Solid Ratio

Zingiber zerumbet (Z. zerumbet) is recognized for decades for its usability as spice and condiment in food flavoring as well as having high medicinal properties. Up to date, there are limited literature on evaluation of the effects of multiple variables in details especially in pilot-scale subcritical water extraction (SWE) of Z. zerumbet. The aim for this study is to implement the fractional factorial design with five variables which are temperature (100-170°C), time (10-40 minutes), pressure (10-20 bar), particle size (0.89-3.56 mm) and solvent to solid ratio (20-40 ml/g) in SWE of Z. zerumbet. Analysis of variance for all responses stated that temperature, time, particle size and solvent to solid ratio are significant variables. Temperature is the most significant factor for zerumbone concentration and antioxidant activity with a p-value of <0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively. The solvent to solid ratio was the most significant factor for the yield of extraction with a p-value of 0.0002. Time and particle size were significant towards all responses, however pressure was not significant on zerumbone concentration and yield. Thus, the fractional factorial design could give a broad overview in selecting the significant variables for further optimization in SWE from the findings.

Fractional factorial design applied to optimize experimental conditions for preparation of ultrafine lanthanum-doped strontium titanate powders

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 3410-3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wein-Duo Yang ◽  
Ching-Shieh Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Strontium Titanate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Titanium Alkoxide ◽  
Experimental Conditions

A fractional factorial design was implemented to optimize the experimental conditions for the preparation of ultrafine lanthanum-doped strontium titanate from titanyl acylate precursors. The effects of preparation conditions such as the molar ratio of acetic acid to titanium alkoxide, the water to titanium alkoxide ratio, pH value, the reaction temperature, and stirring speed were systematically studied by using Taguchi orthogonal array design. Results indicated that the effects of the reaction temperature and stirring speed on the reaction were the key variables influencing the average particle size of powders obtained. By combining the optimal settings of the two influential processing variables, it was possible to obtain an ultrafine powder with a particle size of about 340 Å. This was put to a test in the laboratory, and a polycrystalline, narrow size distribution ultrafine SrTiO3 powder that had a particle size of about 380 Å and readily sintered at 1150–1250 °C was obtained.

Optimization of PES Nanocomposite Membrane Preparation Using Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Orooji ◽  
Fatemeh Noorisafa ◽  
Nahid Imami ◽  
Amir R. Chaharmahali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Nanocomposite Membrane ◽  
Membrane Preparation ◽  
Membrane Fabrication

<p>Using experimental design and statistical analysis (½ Fractional Factorial Design), this study investigates the effect of different parameters in the membrane fabrication on the performance of nanocomposite PES/TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane. </p>

scholarly journals Fabrication of a Silicide Thermoelectric Module Employing Fractional Factorial Design Principles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim S. Graff ◽  
Raphael Schuler ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
Gustavo Castillo-Hernandez ◽  
Gunstein Skomedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Taguchi Methods ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Cu Metallization ◽  
Manganese Silicide ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThermoelectric modules can be used in waste heat harvesting, sensing, and cooling applications. Here, we report on the fabrication and performance of a four-leg module based on abundant silicide materials. While previously optimized Mg2Si0.3Sn0.675Bi0.025 is used as the n-type leg, we employ a fractional factorial design based on the Taguchi methods mapping out a four-dimensional parameter space among Mnx-εMoεSi1.75−δGeδ higher manganese silicide compositions for the p-type material. The module is assembled using a scalable fabrication process, using a Cu metallization layer and a Pb-based soldering paste. The maximum power output density of 53 μW cm–2 is achieved at a hot-side temperature of 250 °C and a temperature difference of 100 °C. This low thermoelectric output is related to the high contact resistance between the thermoelectric materials and the metallic contacts, underlining the importance of improved metallization schemes for thermoelectric module assembly.

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