scholarly journals تحليل وقياس أثر الصراعات على اقتصادات دول الشرق الأوسط للمدة(2018-1990) العراق أنموذجاً

Twejer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-778
Author(s):  
Elham Waheed Daham ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

This research aims to identify the negative and positive effects of conflicts and clarify the effects that conflicts have had on economic and social development, as the most important hypothesis of the research is to verify the negative and positive effects of conflicts on the gross domestic product of the Middle East countries that witnessed the conflicts. And verify the extent of the role that individuals, groups, institutions, or the state play in the development process in all its aspects. The research followed the analytical and standard approach to verify the proof or denial of the assumptions. Then the research came out with results, the most important of which are the results of the statistically significant factor, "Investment as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product", a negative impact on the GDP at constant prices of the US dollar in (2015), and then the most important recommendations were to increase investments among the most important priorities in Eastern countries. In order to increase economic growth rates and create new job opportunities, and to achieve this, it is necessary to transfer spending from unproductive uses to investment. Key words: conflicts, impacts, Middle East region, economic growth .

scholarly journals Impact of inflation on economic growth: evidence from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Olugbenga Adaramola ◽  
Oluwabunmi Dada
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Government Consumption ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Distributed Lag

In an attempt to examine the influence of inflation on the growth prospects of the Nigerian economy, the study employs the autoregressive distributed lag on the selected variables, i.e. real gross domestic product (GDP), inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, degree of economy`s openness, money supply, and government consumption expenditures for the period 1980–2018. The study findings indicate that inflation and real exchange rate exert a significant negative impact on economic growth, while interest rate and money supply indicate a positive and significant impact on economic growth. Other variables in the model depict no influence on the economic growth of Nigeria. The causality result shows the unidirectional relationships between interest rate, exchange rate, government consumption expenditures and gross domestic product. However, inflation and the degree of openness show no causal relationship with gross domestic product. As a result, the study recommends that a more pragmatic effort is needed by the monetary authorities to target the inflation vigorously to prevent its adverse effect by ensuring a tolerable rate that would stimulate the economic growth of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Using a Standard Model to Identify the Saving Determinants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Tarek Ali Ahmed Abdallah ◽  
Mohammed Salah El-Din Abdel Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

Low savings are an important factor in low economic growth rates. Saudi Arabia faces many future challenges, e.g., maintaining the gross domestic product, improving economic growth rates, providing job opportunities, as well as decreasing unemployment and nationalization rates. Therefore, the present research paper aims to identify the most important factors affecting domestic savings in Saudi Arabia by building a simultaneous equations model to measure interactions and interrelations between variables using 3SLS. The results showed a significant positive interaction between variables. Increasing domestic savings by 1% increased local investment by 0.957%, whereas increasing the investment coverage ratio by 1% increased local investment by 0.971%. Moreover, increasing local investment by 1% increased gross domestic product by 0.136%, while decreasing the rate by 1% increased gross domestic product by 0.334%. Increasing population by 1% increased gross domestic product by 1.520%. In short, these factors conveyed high rates of response.

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Monetary Policy and Economic Growth in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence Based on Bound Test Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-624
Author(s):  
Mahmood Ul Hassan ◽  
Hina Ali ◽  
Saeed Ur Rahman ◽  
Sabiha Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Bound Test

The objective of this research is to examine the monetary policy's impact on economic growth. Variables of study are Gross domestic product, Inflation, rate of interest, Exchange rate, Money supply, Investment, and Consumer Price Index and time series data is collected from. Gross domestic product is a dependent variable and all other variables are independent and have a great effect on the explanatory variable. In this study, the Augmented dicky fuller test is used to check out the stationarity of our selected variables and after that autoregressive distributed lag model co-integration technique is applied to estimate the parameters of the model. The result shows that inflation, interest rate, and consumer price index show a negative impact on gross domestic product. While other variables such as exchange rate, money supply, and investment show a positive impact on GDP. The study recommended that the desired level of output and employment can be attained by adopting sufficient strategies that reduce inflation in the economy.

scholarly journals The relationship between Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index: Evidence from 11 Middle East countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Alireza Nasiri ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Akram ◽  
Fatima Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Effect Model

This study explores the nexus between Gross Domestic Product and the Human Development Index in the case of eleven selected Middle East countries. Panel data has been utilized from the period of 1991-2017. By using fixed and random effect models, the Human Development Index is taken as a dependent variable and gross domestic product, population, unemployment and inflation as independent variables. The result supports the random-effect model. The finding shows that the Human Development Index has a negative and significant relationship between Gross Domestic Product and Inflation. With the dependent variable, the population has an insignificant relation. Moreover, unemployment has a positive relationship with the Human Development Index.  

scholarly journals Investigating the effects of environmental patents and climate change mitigation technologies on sustainable economic growth in the Middle East

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadegh Abedi ◽  
Mehrnaz Moeenian
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Sustainable economic growth and identifying factors affecting it are among the important issues which have always received attention from researchers of different countries. Accordingly, one of the factors affecting economic growth, which has received attention from researchers in the developed countries over recent years, is the issue of environmental technologies that enter the economic cycle of other countries after being patented through technology transfer. The current research investigated the role of the environment-related patents and the effects of the patented technological innovations compatible with climate change mitigation on the economic growth and development in the Middle East countries within a specific time period. The required data were gathered from the valid global databases, including Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Bank and have been analyzed using multi-linear regression methods and econometric models with Eviews 10 software. The obtained results with 95% confidence level show that the environmental patents (β = 0.02) and environment management (β = 0.04) and technologies related to the climate change mitigation (β = 0.02) have a significant positive impact on the sustainable economic development and growth rate in the studied countries. Such a study helps innovators and policymakers in policy decisions related to sustainable development programs from the perspective of environmentally friendly technologies by demonstrating the role of patents in three important environmental areas, namely environmental management, water-related adaptation and climate change mitigation, as one of the factors influencing sustainable economic growth.

Trends of Private Consumption in the Restructuring of China’s Economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsun CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Labour Income ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Share ◽  
China’S Economy

The benefits deriving from rapid economic growth have chiefly accrued to capital returns. Consequently, the decline in the share of Chinese gross domestic product (GDP) accounted for by labour income has been most pronounced. To sustain growth, China will have to ensure robust consumption. Increasing the labour share in GDP and hence promoting domestic consumption will play a decisive role in rebalancing China’s economy.

PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO PER KAPITA DAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI YANG INKLUSIF DAN BERKEADILAN DI KABUPATEN TOBA SAMOSIR

2015 ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Henrykus Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rice Fish

Abstract The goals of this research were to acquire overview of Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita and to design inclusive and righteous economic growth (growth with equity). Toba Samosir Regency’s Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita at Current Market Prices 2000 in 2013 was increasing every year, meanwhile GRDP per capita in 2009-2013 at Constant Market Prices 2000 showed the economic growth increased significantly in Toba Samosir Regency and North Sumatera Province. In order to actualize inclusive and righteous economic growth in Toba Samosir Regency, the government of this regency will have to introduce mina-rice (fish-paddy) programme. Introducing thia programme with labor intensive will be potential to increase income and to provide job opportunities labor occasion as well as ti decrease overloaded fish nurture. The government of Toba Samosir Regency should invite investors to build some feed industries of corn-soybean meal.

The impacts of income inequality on the gross domestic product under direct taxation: evidence from emerging market economies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Eren Yıldırım ◽  
Mete Dibo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Direct Taxation

PurposeThis study analyzes the impacts of income inequality after direct taxation on the gross domestic product as a fiscal policy tool in the development process.Design/methodology/approachThe model of the study is based on Munielo-Gallo and Roca-Sagales (2013), which examined the fiscal policy, income inequality and economic growth simultaneously. The study uses two models to analyze the relationship between income inequality and gross domestic production under direct taxation by employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for selected emerging market economies.FindingEmpirical results reveal a negative long-run relationship between variables in some countries in line with the literature, despite a positive relationship in others. Moreover, the results exhibit the negative impact of income inequality after direct taxation on the gross domestic product decreases.Originality/valueResults of the study highlight the importance of direct taxation on income inequality concerning the reflects on economic growth. It suggests that when the income distribution is fairer, it may positively affect the gross domestic product. The study provides a new perspective to the related literature by investigating the role of income inequality under direct taxation for gross domestic product.

Financial Deepening, Financial Intermediation and Nigerian Economic Growth: Time Variant Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Real Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Long Run

This study examines financial deepening, financial intermediation and Nigerian economic growth. The main purpose is to examine the relationship between financial deepening and Nigerian economic growth while the specific objectives are to examine the impact of interest rate, capital market development, rational savings, credit to private sector and broad money supply on the growth of Nigerian. Secondary data of the variables were sourced from the publications of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) from 1981-2017. Nigerian Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) was used as dependent variable while Broad money supply (M2), Credit to Private Sector (CPS), National Savings (NS), Capital Market Capitalization (CAMP) and Interest Rate (INTR) was used as independent variables. Multiple regressions with E-view statistical package were used as data analysis techniques. Cointegration test, Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test, Granger causality test was used to determine the relationship between the variable in the long-run and short-run. R2, F – statistics and β Coefficients were used to determine the extent to which the independent variable affects the dependent variable. It was found from the regression result that Broad Money Supply, credit to private sector have position effect on the growth of Nigerian Real Gross Domestic Product while National Savings, Capitalization and Interest Rate on Nigeria Real Gross Domestic Product. The co-integration test revealed presence of long-run relationship among the variables, the stationary test indicated stationarity of the variables at level. The Granger Causality Test found bi – variant relationship from the dependent to the independent and from the independent to the dependent variables. The regression summary found 99.0% explained variation, 560.5031, F – statistics and probability of 0.00000. From the above, the study concludes that financial deepening has significant relationships with Nigerian economic growth. We recommend that government and the financial sector operators should make policies that will further deepen the functions of the financial system to enhance Nigerian economic growth.

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