scholarly journals Effect of chemical treatments used for dormancy breaking on the number of stems and tubers of Hungarian potato varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Esztergályos ◽  
Zsolt Polgár
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Number Of Stems

The length of tuber dormancy of potato varieties is an important factor in the profitability of the potato sector. Under temperate climatic conditions longer dormancy is more advantageous. However, in case of multiple planting within one growing season, in seed multiplication programs or during rapid post-harvest disease testing, breaking or shortening of dormancy is often needed. Numerous ways for chemical regulation of dormancy period were developed, but the efficiency of such methods is strongly genotype dependent. Recently a comparative study of chemical treatments for breaking tuber dormancy of some new Hungarian potato varieties was carried out. Continuing this work, here we report about the effects of chemical treatments used for breaking dormancy on the number of stems and tubers of progeny plants. The experiment was conducted in three consecutive vegetation period, with three varieties having different maturity type and different dormancy period: Balatoni rózsa, Botond and Démon. Treatments were performed using gibberellic-acid, benzyl-adenine and Rindite in different concentrations and combinations. After the dormancy period, tubers were planted into pots and grown under controlled conditions. Number of developed stems and tubers was counted. According to the results, applied treatments had a large effect on the number of developing stems and tubers of the progeny plants. Combined treatments of Rindite+gibberellic-acid, and gibberellic-acid at 100 ppm increased significantly the number of stems and tubers. Correlation between the efficiency of dormancy breaking and the number of developed tubers was found. Based on our data, Rindite and gibberellic-acid have an important role not only in breaking dormancy, but also in increasing the tuber number/plant. This positive effect could be utilized in seed potato production.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chemical Treatments on the Tuber Dormancy of Hungarian Potato Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Esztergályos ◽  
Zsolt Polgár
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Duration Of Storage

AbstractThe length of tuber dormancy of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important property of cultivars, which significantly determines the duration of storage period, the storage conditions, the economy of storage and the earliest time of planting. Potato cultivars can largely differ in the duration of dormancy period. Under temperate climatic conditions, longer dormancy is more advantageous. However, in case of multiple planting within one calendar year or in case of specific needs, it can be necessary to artificially break the dormancy of tubers. In this study, we investigated the effect of chemical treatments on the tuber dormancy of three Hungarian potato cultivars (Balatoni rózsa, Démon, Botond) having different dormancy periods. The experiment was conducted in three consecutive years (growing periods). Treatments were performed using gibberellic acid, benzyl-adenine and Rindite in different concentrations and combinations. Results showed that the treatments largely influenced the length of tuber dormancy. Rindite and its combination with gibberellic acid treatments largely and significantly reduced the dormancy period for all the cultivars in all growing season, with an average 65% reduction (1906 to 669 °C). Treatments had the greatest impact on the cultivar Balatoni rózsa, with an average 33% reduction of dormancy, while they had the least impact on the cultivar Démon, with an average 25% reduction. We did not observe significant relationship between cultivar maturity type and the reduction of tuber dormancy. We found that the weather conditions of growing period influence the duration of dormancy and the efficiency of chemical treatments.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Gibberellic Acid Concentrations on Dormancy Break in Tubers of Solanum chacoense

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Christian T. Christensen ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Kathleen G. Haynes ◽  
Charles Ethan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Breaking Dormancy

Solanum chacoense is a wild relative of potato (Solanum tuberosum) that is of interest because of its many desirable traits, but it exhibits variations in tuber dormancy across accessions. The objective of this study was to determine an appropriate gibberellic acid (GA3) concentration and soak time treatment to encourage sprout development across four accessions of S. chacoense (A, B, C, and D) from the 174 accessions of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Potato Genebank. Twelve treatments were created by using four concentrations of GA3 (0, 50, 100, and 150 μg·mL−1) across three soak periods (5, 45, and 90 minutes). Small (average weight, 1.4 g), medium (2.6 g), and large (5.6 g) tubers were distributed among all treatments. Percentage of tubers sprouted, time to sprouting, sprout length, and sprout number per tuber were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of GA3 treatments on dormancy breaking. GA3 concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 μg·mL−1 partially broke dormancy within accessions B and C. None of the tested treatments were effective for breaking dormancy in accession D within 46 days after treatment. Accession A showed weaker dormancy, thus producing a similar percentage of sprouted tubers across all GA3 treatments. Soak time had no significant effect on all parameters measured. Larger tubers produced greater sprout number per tuber and percentages of sprouted tubers. Soaking tubers in 50 μg·mL−1 of GA3 may be an effective treatment for S. chacoense accessions with mild dormancy, but alternative methods to break dormancy may be required for S. chacoense accessions with stronger dormancy.

scholarly journals Concentration of Thiourea is effective in breaking the dormancy of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Sambat Ranabhat ◽  
Madhav Dhital ◽  
Ansu Adhikari ◽  
Binod Adhikari ◽  
Saroj Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Thiourea Solution

Potato germination is highly sensitive to ecological conditions. High altitude and low annual average temperature result in tuber dormancy and poor sprouting. Dormancy has become a significant constraint for lowering potato production, which hinders the possibility of growing two crop cycles per year. An experiment was conducted from February to April 2020. Two major potato varieties (Desiree and Cardinal) were treated with four Thiourea concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%) in a two factorial, completely randomized block design with three replications. Tubers were soaked for 2 hours in different Thiourea solution as per treatments, air dried until excess solution was removed and kept in a dark room on plastic trays. With the progress of experiment dormancy breaking and sprouting parameters like early sprouting, dormancy breaking, sprout length and sprout density were recorded. It was found that Thiourea has a significant effect on all observed attributes as per varieties of potato. For Desiree variety, Thiourea (1%) decreased dormancy period by 22 days compared to control (Desiree*Thiourea 0%) and produced the longest average sprout of 7.36cm at 49 days after treatment (DAT). On the other hand, for the Cardinal variety, Thiourea (3%) decreased tuber dormancy by 27 days compared to control (Cardinal*Thiourea 0%) and produced sprout of 7.75 cm at 49 DAT. In case of sprouts/tuber 1% and 3% Thiourea produced 4.13 and 1.91 sprouts/tubers in Desiree and Cardinal, respectively. The overall mean finding indicate that, 1% and 3% Thiourea concentration was significantly superior for breaking dormancy and enhancing sprouting of potato varieties of Desiree and Cardinal respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Physical, Mechanical and Hormonal Treatments of Seed-Tubers on Bud Dormancy and Plant Productivity

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Paola A. Deligios ◽  
Emma Rapposelli ◽  
Massimiliano G. Mameli ◽  
Limbo Baghino ◽  
Gian Mario Mallica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
First Year ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Haulm Killing

The aim of this study was to develop a technique easy to apply in order to induce seed-tuber dormancy breakage. Over a two-year study, more than seven dormancy-breaking treatments were tested through evaluating different temperature effects alone or combined with gibberellins application, cutting in half of seed-tubers, and early haulm killing. Three varieties per year were considered: Spunta and Monalisa (medium and long dormancy) in both years, Europa during the first year and Arinda during the second year (both characterized by a short dormancy period). We found firstly that Europa and Arinda promptly responded to thermal treatments, and secondly to the same thermal treatments in combination with the application of gibberellins. Although not easily applicable, especially when a large volume of seed-tubers has to be handled (seed-tuber producers), the cutting in half of the seed-tubers also had a satisfactory result. Notwithstanding that treatments did not perfectly overlap between the two experiments, results were qualitatively similar. Therefore, these findings allow us to conclude that treatment with post-harvest storage at 20 °C, followed by a treatment with gibberellic acid at 38 days from harvesting, is the most efficient in releasing dormancy, in ensuring a good vegetative growth and productive performance at field-level irrespective of the variety.

scholarly journals Exogenous Gibberellic Acid Advances Reproductive Phenology and Increases Early-Season Yield in Subtropical Blackberry Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Syuan-You Lin ◽  
Shinsuke Agehara
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Chill ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Inadequate winter chill causes poor and erratic budbreak in blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson), limiting the commercial production in subtropical climates. We examined the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) on the reproductive phenology, fruit number, yield, and fruit quality of three blackberry cultivars (‘Natchez’, ‘Navaho’, and ‘Ouachita’) grown under subtropical climatic conditions in two consecutive growing seasons. A single spray application of GA3 at 0 or 49 g·ha−1 was performed when plants were dormant in late December to late January. Exogenous GA3 advanced the onset of budbreak by 12 to 82 days, flowering by four to 20 days, and fruit ripening by 0 to 15 days. When pooling across the cultivars, it also increased early-season yield by 83% to 276% in two consecutive growing seasons and total-season yield by 60% in the second growing season. Among the cultivars, the yield responses to GA3 were most consistent in ‘Ouachita’, with early-season yield increasing by up to 499%. The average berry weight and soluble solids concentration were slightly reduced by GA3, but these reductions were not consistent in the two growing seasons and the impact on overall fruit marketability was small. These results suggest that exogenous GA3 is an effective bud dormancy breaking compound for blackberry, and it could be an important adaptation tool for subtropical blackberry production.

scholarly journals Effects of different dormancy-breaking and storage methods on seed tuber sprouting and subsequent yield of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemeda Mustefa ◽  
Wassu Mohammed ◽  
Nigussie Dechassa ◽  
Dandena Gelmesa
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
And Storage

AbstractPotato is an important food and cash crop which in Ethiopia is produced two or more times in a year. However, its productivity is low owing to a number of constraints including a) limited availability of quality planting materials, and b) poor tuber sprouting due to long dormancy period of improved varieties at the time of planting. Two consecutive experiments were conducted from November 2013 to June 2014: 1) to assess the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and storage methods on seed tuber dormancy breakage of two potato varieties; and 2) to assess the effects of dormancy breakage treatments and storage methods on subsequent growth, yield and related traits of potato crop. The treatments in the first experiment consisted of two potato varieties (Bubu and Bate), three levels of GA3 [0, 10 and 20 parts per million (ppm)], and three storage methods [in diffused light store (DLS), in pit store (PS), and in farm-yard manure (FYM)]. The first trial was laid out as a complete randomized design with four replications and conducted at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. The second trial consisted of seed from each treatment in the first experiment, planted in randomized complete block design with three replications on a farmers’ field. The results showed that varieties, application of GA3 and storage methods as well as the interaction among the variety and treatments significantly affected tuber dormancy period, sprouting characteristics and subsequent tuber yield. When tubers were treated with 20 ppm GA3 and stored under FYM, the dormancy period was reduced from 102.5 and 52 to 36.5 and 31 days in improved and farmer’s variety, respectively. Tuber treatment with 20 ppm GA3 and stored under DLS, PS, and FYM, increased marketable tuber yield by 31.6%, 29.6%, and 33.6%, respectively for Bubu variety and by 92.5%, 78.4%, and 80.9% for Bate variety, respectively compared to non-GA3 treated tubers stored under DLS, PS, and FYM. However, tubers of improved variety Bubu treated with 20 ppm GA3 and stored under DLS produced the highest marketable tuber yield of 34.20 ton per ha. Tuber quality attributes (specific gravity, dry matter, and total starch content) were affected only due to interaction effects of variety and GA3 application with the highest values at 20 ppm GA3 for improved potato variety Bubu. In general, the research indicated that treating seed tubers with GA3 and storing under DLS, PS or FYM promoted early tuber sprouting and better tuber yield of both varieties. These results suggest that, use of GA3 treatment combined with different storage methods enhances early tuber sprouting and increases tuber yield. Nevertheless, further research should be continued to evaluate different potato varieties, GA3 treatment, and storage methods under different atmospheric conditions and production seasons.

Effect of Soluble Sugars and Gibberellic Acid in Breaking Dormancy of Excised Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Embryos

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
N6 Medium

Dormant line M73 wild oat caryopses were utilized to develop a system for the culture of excised embryos, to evaluate whether embryo dormancy exists, and to investigate the physiological basis for breaking dormancy. Dormant embryos cultured on N6 medium solidified with 0.25% Bacto agar displayed 70% germination in 2 d compared with approximately 20% for the other gelling agents. The non-plant-based gelling agent gellum at a concentration of 0.25% was selected for further experiments on breaking dormancy after it was determined that concentrations ≥ 0.5% decreased the rate of germination. Amending N6 medium with concentrations of 0.1 to 10 μM gibberellic acid (GA) increased the rate and extent of germination. Embryos treated with 0 to 0.01 μM GA required 6 d to attain 90% germination. Germination of dormant embryos on N6 medium without GA suggested that either true embryo dormancy did not exist in M73 or some constituent of the N6 medium promoted breaking of dormancy. Subsequent experiments indicated that the 88 mM sucrose was the constituent in the N6 medium responsible for breaking dormancy. Concentrations of sucrose from 40 to 200 mM were effective in breaking dormancy. Ten μM GA increased the rate and extent of germination of embryos cultured with 88 to 200 mM sucrose. At 88 mM, fructose, maltose, glucose, and sucrose all broke embryo dormancy. Fructose was the most active soluble sugar for breaking embryo dormancy, promoting nearly 100% germination in 4 d. As with sucrose, there was an interaction between GA and the soluble sugars in breaking dormancy. Ten μM GA with 88 mM fructose provided nearly 100% germination in 1 d. Amylose, but not amylopectin or pullulan, may substitute for soluble sugars. However, with 10 μM GA amylose, amylopectin and pullulan were equally effective in breaking dormancy. Breaking dormancy of embryos on N6 medium was independent of temperatures from 12 to 24 C in the presence of GA, but in its absence the optimum was 12 C. Application of GA to dormant caryopses significantly increased and decreased the level of glucose and sucrose, respectively, in the embryo. Gibberellic acid had a similar effect on glucose and sucrose in the endosperm tissue, except the differences were not significant at all times after treatment. The change in carbohydrate metabolism, especially in embryo tissue, may be important when considered in context with the observation that soluble sugars and GA act independently in breaking dormancy in excised M73 embryos. Breaking wild oat embryo dormancy with GA may be mainly a substitution for sugar requirement.

scholarly journals Foliar application of defoliants after winter chill accumulation changes phytohormone dynamics and improves budbreak in blackberry under subtropical climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuan-You Lin ◽  
Shinsuke Agehara
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Chill ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractInadequate winter chill causes poor budbreak in blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson), limiting the commercial production in the subtropics. In ‘Natchez’ blackberry, our previous study found that, under inadequate chilling conditions, urea and lime sulfur (LS) applied as defoliants before chill accumulation advanced budbreak but did not improve final budbreak. In this study, we applied the two defoliants at the end of chill accumulation and examined their effectiveness in breaking dormancy, with a hypothesis that it can be enhanced with increased exposure to chilling. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons under subtropical climatic conditions. ‘Natchez’ blackberry was sprayed with urea or LS at 10%. Both defoliants were effective in both advancing and maximizing budbreak. Final budbreak reached 42.6% to 76.8% in the defoliant treatments, compared with 27.1% to 31.6% in the control. Advanced budbreak by defoliants increased early season yield by 35% to 88%. Although not statistically significant, defoliants increased total-season yield by 19% to 56%, compared with the control. Phytohormone profiling revealed no changes in abscisic acid and gibberellic acid 4, but increasing trends in jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during budbreak. The LS treatment increased IAA accumulation by up to 377% compared with the control. These results suggest that urea and LS are highly effective dormancy-breaking agents for blackberry when applied after winter chill accumulation. These defoliants could be an important adaptation tool for subtropical blackberry production. Furthermore, increased IAA accumulation appears to be, at least in part, the mode of action for LS-induced budbreak.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION OF THIOUREA IS EFFECTIVE IN BREAKING THE DORMANCY OF POTATO VARIETIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambat Ranabhat ◽  
Madhav Dhital ◽  
Ramkrishna Subedi ◽  
Ansu Adhikari ◽  
Binod Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Thiourea Concentration ◽  
Annual Average Temperature

AbstractPotato germination is highly sensitive to ecological conditions. High altitude and low annual average temperature results in tuber dormancy and poor sprouting. Dormancy has become a significant constraint for lowering potato production that hinders the possibility of growing two crops per year. An experiment was conducted from February to April 2020, where two major potato varieties (Desiree and Cardinal) were treated with four concentrations of Thiourea (0, 1, 2, and 3%) in a two factorial completely randomized block design with three replications. Results showed that Thiourea has a significant effect on all observed attributes as per varieties of potato. For Desiree variety, Thiourea (1%) decreased breaking of dormancy by 22 days compared to control (Desiree*Thiourea 0%) and produced the longest average sprout of 7.36cm at 49 days after treatment (DAT). On the other hand, for the Cardinal variety, Thiourea (3%) decreased tuber dormancy by 27 days compared to control (Cardinal*Thiourea 0%) and produced a sprout of 7.75 cm at 49 DAT. In conclusion, for breaking dormancy and enhancing sprouting of potato varieties Desiree and Cardinal, Thiourea concentration of 1% and 3% is recommended, respectively.Author summaryThis work is the combined effort of all the authors; conceptualization and designing the plot experiments, S.R. and M.D.; performing the experiment and data collection, S.R. and A.A.; statistical analysis and preparation of presentation table and figure, S.R. and B.A.; writing the original draft and editing the whole manuscript, S.R., M.D., R.S., S.S., and A.A. All the author have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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