scholarly journals Effect of ambient temperature and restricted feeding on the production of rabbit does and their kits

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Szendrő ◽  
Zoltán Papp ◽  
Károly Kustos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Ad Libitum

Thirty-six lactating New Zealand White rabbit does were divided into 6 groups according to ambient temperature and feed intake. The does were kept at 20 °C during pregnancy and at kindling, then they were put into climatic chambers at temperatures of 5, 15, 23 or 30 °C. One part of the does were fed ad libitum (5A, 15A, 23A and 30A), two other groups were housed at 15 °C, but they received the same amount of pellet as the does' intake at 23 °C or 30 °C (15/23R and 15/30R). The litter sizes were equalized to seven. The weight of does, milk production, feed intake and water intake were recorded daily. Heat stress reduced milk yield (148, 152, 150 and 106 g/day), feed intake (287, 279, 260 and 179 g/day) and water intake (497, 512, 526 and 428 g/day), but increased the water/feed ratio (1.73, 1.84, 2.02 and 2.39) in the groups of 5A, 15A, 23A and 30A, respectively. Body weight of does decreased at 23 °C and 30 °C by 5.6% and 8.5%, respectively, compared to 15 °C. Comparing the groups of rabbits kept at 23 °C and 30 °C fed ad libitum (23A and 30A) and the data obtained for groups of 15/23R and 15/30R it was observed that the milk yield decreased by 8.0% and 2.5%, water intake increased by 8.6 and 13.3%, and the feed/water ratio was higher by 0.18 and 0.18, respectively. The effect of heat stress was less significant on kits than on does. It can be concluded that the high ambient temperature mainly affected the milk production through the reduction of feed intake.

SUMMER WATER CONSUMPTION, BODY TEMPERATURE AND RESPIRATION RATE IN LAMBS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM HOHENBOKEN ◽  
THEODORE P. KISTNER
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Maximum Minimum

The effects of time on feed and of ambient temperature on water intake, and the effects of preconditioning and shearing treatments and of ambient temperature on body temperature and respiration rate of feedlot lambs were examined. Daily ambient temperature maximum, minimum and range averaged 27.5, 10.8 and 16.7 C, respectively, for 56 days between July and September. For the first 24 days that the lambs were on feed, water intake was not affected by ambient temperature. Intake did increase linearly with day (b = 160 ml), concurrently with increasing feed intake. During the remaining 32 days, water intake per lamb increased 139 ml per 1 C rise in average daily ambient temperature. Afternoon body temperature, morning to afternoon body temperature change, and respiration rate all increased with increasing ambient temperature. Preconditioning 1 wk before weaning (pneumonia, ovine ecthyma and enterotoxemia vaccinations and drenching for tapeworms, intestinal roundworms and coccidia) vs. conditioning the lambs with the same treatments at the time of weaning and shipment did not affect body temperature or respiration rate. Lambs sheared with a clipper attachment which left a 1-cm fleece stubble averaged 0.3 C lower in afternoon body temperature than either close-shorn or unshorn lambs.

scholarly journals Effects of Heat Stress on the Lactation Performance of Ewes Accustomed to Tropical Conditions and the Total Fluid Intake of Their Lambs

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
RGA Stephenson ◽  
RD Hooley ◽  
JK Findlay ◽  
PS Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Total Fluid Intake ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Total Fluid

The impact of heat stress on the feed intake, milk production, water intake and urine output of undernourished lactating ewes and on the growth rate and water intake of their lambs was measured both in a climate chamber and during exposure to natural high ambient temperature conditions. Similar liveweight increases occurred in both stressed and unstressed lambs. Feed intake was depressed in heat-stressed ewes in the climate chamber but not under natural heat-stress conditions. During the first and second weeks of lactation calculated milk yield (200-500 mljday) and composition were unaffected by heat stress per se. However, undernutrition due to the poor quality roughage offered apparently depressed milk production of all ewes. Increased water intake (27 %) and plasma prolactin concentrations (220 %) were recorded in heat-stressed ewes, but daily urine output (27-36 mljkg body wt) was unaffected. No relationship between prolactin concentrations, milk production and antidiuretic activity was obvious. At the age of 5-6 weeks water intake accounted for 67 % (500 mljday) and 80 % (1000 mljday) of total fluid intake (water plus milk) of unstressed and heat-stressed lambs respectively. These data indicate the importance of making water freely available to lambs subjected to extensive grazing systems of tropical regions.

scholarly journals Association of Feed Efficiency, Feeding Rate, and Behaviour with the Milk Performance of Dairy Cows

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-694
Author(s):  
Lenka Krpálková ◽  
Niall O’Mahony ◽  
Anderson Carvalho ◽  
Sean Campbell ◽  
Gerard Corkery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Milk Performance

Identification of the associations of cow feed efficiency with feeding behaviour and milk production is important for supporting recommendations of strategies that optimise milk yield. The objective of this study was to identify associations between measures of feed efficiency, feed intake, feeding rate, rumination time, feeding time, and milk production using data collected from 26 dairy cows during a 3 month period in 2018. Cows averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 2.2 ± 1.7 lactations, 128 ± 40 days in milk, 27.5 ± 5.5 kg/day milk, 1.95 ± 0.69 kg feed/1 kg milk—the measure used to express feed conversion ratio (FCR), 575 ± 72 min/day rumination time, and 264 ± 67 min/day feeding time during the observation period. The coefficient of variation for rumination time (min/d) was 12.5%. A mixed linear model was selected for analyses. The most feed inefficient cows with the highest FCR (≥2.6 kg feed/1 kg milk) showed the lowest milk yield (24.8 kg/day), highest feed intake (78.8 kg), highest feeding rate (0.26 kg/min) and BCS (3.35 point). However, the relative milk yield (milk yield per 100 kg of body weight) was the highest (4.01 kg/day) in the most efficient group with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). Our study showed that the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk) had the highest rumination time (597 min/day; p < 0.05), feeding time (298 min/day; p < 0.05), rumination/activity ratio (4.39; p < 0.05) and rumination/feeding ratio (2.04; p < 0.05). Less active cows (activity time 164 min/day; p < 0.05) were the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). The behavioural differences observed in this study provide new insight into the association of feed behaviour and feed efficiency with milk performance. Incorporating feeding behaviour into the dry matter intake model can improve its accuracy in the future and benefit breeding programmes.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING A HIGH LEVEL OF TOWER RAPESEED MEAL IN DAIRY RATIONS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. MCKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Retention ◽  
High Level

In experiment 1, 12 cows were used to compare the two (0–0) rapeseed meal (1788 and Tower) varieties with the commercial rapeseed meal (CRSM) and soybean meal (SBM). Feed intake, milk yield and fat content were not different (P > 0.05) among the four treatments; however, protein content was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed CRSM and SBM diets than for those fed the 1788–RSM diet. But more (P < 0.05) milk fat was produced by the cows fed 1788–RSM than by those fed CRSM and SBM diets. In experiment 2, eight cows were used to determine the effects of replacing SBM with Tower and also replacing a portion of Tower with urea (TU) in a mixed or extruded (TUE) form on feed intake, milk yield and nitrogen (N) retention. No differences were observed in feed consumption, milk yield or composition among the treatments. Serum thyroxine (T4) level was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed SBM than for those fed the 1788–SBM and was similar to levels for cows fed CRSM and Tower in the first experiment. However, no differences were found in thyroxine level in the second experiment. Extrusion of Tower–urea mixture increased (P < 0.05) the N retention compared with other treatments. These short-term studies suggest that up to 25% Tower RSM can be used in dairy rations without adverse effect on performance.

The effects of feeding different starch sources and concentrations on milk production of high yielding Holstein cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
R.E. Lawson ◽  
A.R. Moss ◽  
C. Rymer ◽  
J.S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Ground Wheat

Mansbridge (1995) reported that replacing ground wheat with a mix of ground wheat and maize grain increased milk protein concentration, which led the authors to speculate that increased inclusion of maize grain increased rumen by-pass starch. Indeed, de Visseret al(1990) reported that feeding less rapidly degradable starches has led to increased milk protein concentration.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of starch concentration and source on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows.

scholarly journals 172 Feed intake level and ambient temperature affect the body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
A Morales Trejo ◽  
D Antoine ◽  
A Valle-Fimbres ◽  
H Bernal Barragán ◽  
L Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intake Level

scholarly journals Transcriptome Functional Analysis of Mammary Gland of Cows in Heat Stress and Thermoneutral Condition

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangming Yue ◽  
Zhisheng Wang ◽  
Lizhi Wang ◽  
Quanhui Peng ◽  
Bai Xue
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Differentially Expressed

Heat stress (HS) exerts significant effects on the production of dairy animals through impairing health and biological functions. However, the molecular mechanisms related to the effect of HS on dairy cow milk production are still largely unknown. The present study employed an RNA-sequencing approach to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with a decline in milk production by the functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mammary glands of cows exposed to HS and non-heat-stressed cows. The results of the current study reveal that HS increases the rectal temperature and respiratory rate. Cows under HS result in decreased bodyweight, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield. In the current study, a total of 213 genes in experimental cow mammary glands was identified as being differentially expressed by DEGs analysis. Among identified genes, 89 were upregulated, and 124 were downregulated. Gene Ontology functional analysis found that biological processes, such as immune response, chaperone-dependent refolding of protein, and heat shock protein binding activity, were notably affected by HS. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis found that almost all of the top-affected pathways were related to immune response. Under HS, the expression of heat shock protein 90 kDa beta I (HSP90B1) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A was upregulated, while the expression of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) and histocompatibility complex, class II, DRB3 (BoLA-DRB3) was downregulated. We further explored the effects of HS on lactation-related genes and pathways and found that HS significantly downregulated the casein genes. Furthermore, HS increased the expression of phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 2 (CASTOR2), and cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 1 (CASTOR1), but decreased the phosphorylation of Janus kinase-2, a signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-5. Based on the findings of DMI, milk yield, casein gene expression, and the genes and pathways identified by functional annotation analysis, it is concluded that HS adversely affects the immune function of dairy cows. These results will be beneficial to understand the underlying mechanism of reduced milk yield in HS cows.

The Influence on the Milk Yield and Milk Composition of the Cows after Feeding with the Sweet Sorghum Straw Fermented by the Compound Microbial Agent in Bags

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1410-1413
Author(s):  
Shu Yang Wang ◽  
Xiang Yang Zhang ◽  
Hong Su ◽  
Guo Qing Xiao ◽  
Wen Jiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Agent ◽  
Sorghum Straw

The objective of this study was to research the influence of the sweet sorghum straw fermented by the Compound Microbial Agent on the milk yield and milk composition of the cows. The results indicated that sweet sorghum straw bio-feed fermented by the Compound Microbial Agent in bags could increase the feed intake (11.4%) and milk yield(14.2%) compared with the control group, it also has improved milk protein (14.03%) and butterfat rate (16.3%) ,and has reduced the somatic cell's number(5.15%) compared with the control group. The sweet sorghum straw fermented by the Compound Microbial Agent has reduced the milk-feed ratio (20.8%).It has improved the feed digestibility and utilization and reduced the costing.

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