Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes: Global Map of Parameters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Kossobokov ◽  
Anastasia K. Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Unified Scaling Law

On Prediction and Unified Correlation for Decay of Vertical Buoyant Jets

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Chen ◽  
C. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Numerical Result ◽  
Plume Region ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
Decay Behavior

A differential turbulence model is used to predict the decay behavior of turbulent buoyant jets in a uniform environment at rest. The turbulent stresses and heat fluxes are modeled by the algebraic expressions while the differential transport equations are solved for the kinetic energy of turbulence, k, the rate of dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy, ε, and the fluctuating temperature T′2. The numerical result correlated with a unified scaling law was shown to fall into a single curve for the flows beyond the zone of flow establishment. The flow characteristics are then classified into a non-buoyant region, an intermediate region and a plume region. The predicted results show that the buoyant jets is accelerated in the zone of flow establishment. Equations for decay of velocity, density, and turbulent quantities are given from the non-buoyant region to the plume region for both plane and round buoyant jets.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Foreshock, Main Shock, and Aftershock Sequences of the Recent Major Earthquakes in Southern Alaska, 2016–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Bukchin ◽  
A. S. Fomochkina ◽  
V. G. Kossobokov ◽  
A. K. Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
Control Parameter ◽  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Second Moments ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Aftershock Sequences ◽  
Integral Estimation

For each of three major M ≥ 7.0 earthquakes (i.e., the January 24, 2016, M7.1 earthquake 86 km E of Old Iliamna; the January 23, 2018, M7.9 earthquake 280 km SE of Kodiak; and the November 30, 2018, M7.1 earthquake 14 km NNW of Anchorage, Alaska), the study considers characterization of the foreshock and aftershock sequences in terms of their variations and scaling properties, including the behavior of the control parameter η of the unified scaling law for earthquakes (USLE), along with a detailed analysis of the surface wave records for reconstruction of the source in the approximation of the second moments of the stress glut tensor to obtain integral estimation of its length, orientation, and development over time. The three major earthquakes at 600 km around Anchorage are, in fact, very different due to apparent complexity of earthquake flow dynamics in the orogenic corner of the Pacific and North America plate boundary. The USLE generalizes the classic Gutenberg-Richter relationship taking into account the self-similar scaling of the empirical distribution of earthquake epicenters. The study confirms the existence of the long-term periods of regional stability of the USLE control parameter that are interrupted by mid- or even short-term bursts of activity associated with major catastrophic events.

Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes as Applied to Assessment of Seismic Hazard and Associate Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Nekrasova ◽  
V. G. Kossobokov ◽  
I. A. Parvez ◽  
X. Tao
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Unified Scaling Law

scholarly journals Scaling Interface Length Increase Rates in Richtmyer–Meshkov Instabilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kilchyk ◽  
R. Nalim ◽  
C. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Incoming Wave ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Interface Length ◽  
Large Amplitude Wave

The interface area increase produced by large-amplitude wave refraction through an interface that separates fluids with different densities can have important physiochemical consequences, such as a fuel consumption rate increase in the case of a shock–flame interaction. Using the results of numerical simulations along with a scaling analysis, a unified scaling law of the interface length increase was developed applicable to shock and expansion wave refractions and both types of interface orientation with the respect to the incoming wave. To avoid a common difficulty in interface length quantification in the numerical tests, a sinusoidally perturbed interface was generated using gases with different temperatures. It was found that the rate of interface increase correlates almost linearly with the circulation deposited at the interface. When combined with earlier developed models of circulation deposition in Richtmyer–Meshkov instability, the obtained scaling law predicts dependence of interface dynamics on the basic problem parameters.

Unified scaling law for waiting times between seismic events

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Carbone ◽  
L Sorriso-Valvo ◽  
P Harabaglia ◽  
I Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Unified Scaling Law

The Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-372
Author(s):  
A. K. Nekrasova ◽  
V. G. Kossobokov
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Unified Scaling Law

Cross-comparing GPS and seismic data in advance and after great earthquakes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai Liu ◽  
Vladimir Kossobokov
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Opposite Edge ◽  
Seismic Regime ◽  
Earthquake Hypocenter ◽  
Unified Scaling Law ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
Seismic Displacements

<p>With the accumulation of seismic and other geophysical data and update of methodologies, the accuracy and reliability of seismic risk assessment can be improved. In particular, the introduction of GPS observation data leads to better understanding of earthquake origins and sequences. For this, we cross-compare the pre- and post-seismic deformation of the 2011 Tohoku Mw9.1 earthquake in Japan, the 2010 off shore Maule Mw8.8 earthquake in Chile, the 2018 Kodiak Mw7.9 earthquake in the Gulf of Alaska, and the 2016 Kaikoura Mw7.8 earthquake in New Zealand derived from GPS observations with integral characteristics of the regional seismic regime, including the accumulated length of seismic sources derived from the catalogs of earthquake hypocenter parameters. We found that (a) the area on top the 2011 Tohoku mega-thrust keeps moving at speed of about 10 cm per year, (b) eventually, the 2016 Kaikoura unidirectional strike-slip resulted in the current position retreat nearby epicenter and steady increase on the opposite edge of its rupture zone, (c) the four cases show up different deformation vs seismicity correlation patterns in advance and after the catastrophic event, and (d) GPS data confirm the existence of intermittent long periods of regionally stable levels of seismic regime controlled by the Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes that may switch as the result of mid- or even short-term bursts of activity associated with major catastrophic earthquakes.</p><p>The study supported from the RFBR Project No. 19-35-50059 “Study of pre- and post-seismic displacements in the areas of the strongest earthquakes in the world".</p>

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