scholarly journals LA « BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE TRAVAIL » DE ROGER JOSEPH BOSCOVICH. LES SOURCES DU JOURNAL D’UN VOYAGE DE CONSTANTINOPLE EN POLOGNE (1772)

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Massimo Scandola
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
French Studies ◽  
Italian Studies ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Cultural Transfers

THE « WORKING LIBRARY » OF ROGER JOSEPH BOSCOVICH. THE SOURCES OF THE JOURNAL OF TRAVEL FROM CONSTANTINOPLE TO POLAND (1772) This essay analyses the sources of the Journal of a Voyage of Costantinople in Poland (1772) of Roger Boscovich. In this essay, I study the context of writing, and so I propose the hypothesis of rewriting the story travels from the study of the geographical and historical literature of his time about the vassal and tributary States of the Ottoman Empire. Key words: cultural transfers, French studies, Italian studies, travel literature, Balkans, Eighteenth century, Enlightenment.

scholarly journals Bulgaria in old Serbian accounts of pilgrimage

Balcanica ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Tomislav Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Literary Value ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People

A rather small portion of old Slavonic literatures is thematically linked with the journey to the Holy Land. Of many Serbian pilgrims over the centuries only three left more detailed descriptions of Bulgarian places and parts: patriarch Arsenije III, Jerotej of Raca and Silvestar Popovic. They described, each in his own way, some of the places and areas along the road to Istanbul or Salonika. Their vivid depiction of encounters with people and observations about the places they saw on their way reveal only a fragment of life in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Ottoman empire. In a seemingly ordinary way, they incorporate into their own epoch the legends heard from the people they met. The descriptions of Bulgarian parts in the Serbian accounts of pilgrimage have all the appeal that generally characterizes travel literature. Although their literary value is modest they belong among the works characterized by the simplicity and immediacy of experience. Rather than being the result of a strong literary ambition, they are witness to the need to speak about the great journey, quite an adventurous enterprise at the time.

Slavery and Ransom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Law

This chapter explores captives’ fates after their capture, all along the Ottoman land and maritime frontiers, arguing that this was largely determined by individuals’ value for ransom or sale. First this was a matter of localized customary law; then it became a matter of inter-imperial rules, the “Law of Ransom.” The chapter discusses the nature of slavery in the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the role of elite households, and the varying prices for captives based on their individual characteristics. It shows that the Ottoman state participated in ransoming, buying, exploiting, and sometimes selling both female and male captives. The state particularly needed young men to row on its galleys, but this changed in the late eighteenth century as the fleet moved from oars to sails. The chapter then turns to ransom, showing that a captive’s ability to be ransomed, and value, depended on a variety of individualized factors.

FRENCH STUDIES: THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

1996 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
D. A. Desserud ◽  
J. E. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Studies

Imports to Smyrna between 1794 and 1802: New Statistics from the Ottoman Sources

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesud Küçükkalay
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Transport Maritime ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
La Modification ◽  
New Statistics ◽  
Trade Partners

AbstractThis study is based on the foreign customs registers of the port of Smyrna in the Ottoman Archives of Istanbul. In this paper 115 ports, 112 ships, 2859 pieces of goods, and 1273 merchants have been investigated for the period 1794-1802. This information indicates that the transformation of the Ottoman Foreign trade at the turn of the eighteenth century was linked to the following economic trends of the second half of the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth centuries: the emergence of the European supremacy in naval transportation, a change in the terms of trade that was disadvantageous for the Ottomans, and a shift in the trade partners of the Ottoman Empire. Cette contribution exploite les données des registres de la douane ottomane du port de Smyrne, consignant les importations étrangères, conservés aux archives d'Istanbul. L'étude porte sur les cargaisons de 112 navires en provenance de 115 ports, 2859 pièces de marchandises et 1273 marchands dans les années 1794-1802. Les données témoignent que la transformation du commerce ottoman étranger en fin du XVIIIème siècle est liée aux tendances économiques de la seconde moitié du XVIIIème et de la première moitié du XIXème siècles. Elles reflètent la domination européenne dans le domaine du transport maritime, la modification des conditions commerciales au détriment des Ottomans et un changement des partenaires commerciaux de l'Empire.

„Heutiger Nachbar – gestriger Untertan“

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla von Mende
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Intellectual Elites

How did intellectual elites, who had acquired their position and formed their self-conception within the Ottoman Empire, deal with its loss and change? This question is discussed by looking at their representations of Southeast Europe in Ottoman and Turkish travel literature. The study analyses their attempts to continuously reposition themselves, their homeland and Southeast Europe in times of a shifting international balance of power. It also explores two mechanisms of processing the things observed – wonder and remembering. This approach allows us to reassess the importance of the lost region to the authors’ present and sheds new light on the transition from empire to republic.

L’inventario della spezieria di Giovanni Zavanti al Cairo (1732)

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-495
Author(s):  
Alessandra Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Pharmaceutical Activity

Abstract The inventory of the apothecary Giovanni Zavanti, a Venetian pharmacist who worked in Cairo in the 1730s, was drawn up by the Egyptian city’s British Consulate in 1732. Since this institution ensured formal juridical protection to the English shopkeepers of the Levant Company, but devoted little attention to their need for health care, this historical source can be considered a rare testimony of European medical-pharmaceutical activity in the Levant. The inventory’s importance is also connected with the specific political and socio-cultural context of Egypt, the most economically important province of the Ottoman Empire. Substantial groups of English, French and Dutch merchants lived in the Muslim society of Cairo and were officially represented by their respective nations in the eighteenth century. The Venetian, also active in Cairo, could not count on the protection of their State institutions during the Turco-Venetian conflicts (1645–1718). In this complex context, Zavanti tried to take advantage of his professional activity and built up different socio-cultural relations to defend his properties and commercial interests. He was in contact with fellow countrymen, Arabic Christians of Egypt, Jews, Turkish officials and the Franciscan confraternity Custodia Terrae Santae. As second-generation immigrants from Venice, the Zavantis experienced a difficult process of cultural integration in Egypt.

The Evolution of Grain Policy: The Ottoman Experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seven Ağir
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Price System ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Fixed Price ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
The Creation

Ottoman reformers' re-organization of the grain trade during the second half of the eighteenth century had two components—the creation of a centralized institution to supervise transactions and the replacement of the fixed price system with a more flexible one. These changes were not only a response to strains on the old system of provisioning, driven by new geopolitical conditions, but also a consequence of an increased willingness among the Ottoman elite to emulate the economic policies of successful rival states. Thus, the centralized bureaucracy and political economy of the Ottoman Empire at the time had remarkable parallels with those in such European states as France and Spain.

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