scholarly journals Nutrient status, hematological and blood metabolite profile of mid-lactating dairy cows during wet and dry seasons raised under Indonesian tropical environmental conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Andriyani Astuti ◽  
Rochijan Rochijan ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto ◽  
Cuk Tri Noviandi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Metabolite ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

scholarly journals Evaluation of conductive cooling of lactating dairy cows under controlled environmental conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1759-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.A. Ortiz ◽  
J.F. Smith ◽  
F. Rojano ◽  
C.Y. Choi ◽  
J. Bruer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 6461-6482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. T. Machado ◽  
Alan J. P. Calheiros ◽  
Thiago Biscaro ◽  
Scott Giangrande ◽  
Maria A. F. Silva Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Aerosol Loading ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract. This study provides an overview of precipitation processes and their sensitivities to environmental conditions in the Central Amazon Basin near Manaus during the GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA experiments. This study takes advantage of the numerous measurement platforms and instrument systems operating during both campaigns to sample cloud structure and environmental conditions during 2014 and 2015; the rainfall variability among seasons, aerosol loading, land surface type, and topography has been carefully characterized using these data. Differences between the wet and dry seasons were examined from a variety of perspectives. The rainfall rates distribution, total amount of rainfall, and raindrop size distribution (the mass-weighted mean diameter) were quantified over both seasons. The dry season generally exhibited higher rainfall rates than the wet season and included more intense rainfall periods. However, the cumulative rainfall during the wet season was 4 times greater than that during the total dry season rainfall, as shown in the total rainfall accumulation data. The typical size and life cycle of Amazon cloud clusters (observed by satellite) and rain cells (observed by radar) were examined, as were differences in these systems between the seasons. Moreover, monthly mean thermodynamic and dynamic variables were analysed using radiosondes to elucidate the differences in rainfall characteristics during the wet and dry seasons. The sensitivity of rainfall to atmospheric aerosol loading was discussed with regard to mass-weighted mean diameter and rain rate. This topic was evaluated only during the wet season due to the insignificant statistics of rainfall events for different aerosol loading ranges and the low frequency of precipitation events during the dry season. The impacts of aerosols on cloud droplet diameter varied based on droplet size. For the wet season, we observed no dependence between land surface type and rain rate. However, during the dry season, urban areas exhibited the largest rainfall rate tail distribution, and deforested regions exhibited the lowest mean rainfall rate. Airplane measurements were taken to characterize and contrast cloud microphysical properties and processes over forested and deforested regions. Vertical motion was not correlated with cloud droplet sizes, but cloud droplet concentration correlated linearly with vertical motion. Clouds over forested areas contained larger droplets than clouds over pastures at all altitudes. Finally, the connections between topography and rain rate were evaluated, with higher rainfall rates identified at higher elevations during the dry season.

scholarly journals Overview: Precipitation Characteristics and Sensitivities to the Environmental Conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. T. Machado ◽  
Alan J. P. Calheiros ◽  
Thiago Biscaro ◽  
Scott Giangrande ◽  
Maria A. F. Silva Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract. Abstract. This is study provides an overview of precipitation processes and their sensitivities to environmental conditions, in the Central Amazon Basin, during the GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA experiments. Taking advantage of the numerous measuring platforms and instruments systems operating during both campaigns sampling cloud structure and environmental conditions during 2014 and 2015, the rainfall variability among seasons, aerosol loading, land surface type, and topography have carefully been characterized. Differences between the wet and dry seasons were examined from a variety of different perspectives. The rain rate distribution, the total amount of rainfall, and the raindrop size distribution (the mean mass-weighted diameter) were quantified for the two seasons. The dry season has a higher average rain rate than the wet season and reflects more intense rain. While the cumulative wet season rainfall amount was four times larger than the total dry season rainfall, reflecting in large total rainfall accumulation. The typical size and life cycle of the Amazon cloud clusters (observed by satellite) and rain cells (observed by radar) were examined, as well their differences among the seasons. Moreover, we analyse the monthly mean thermodynamical and dynamical variables, measured by radiosondes to elucidate the differences in rainfall characteristics during the wet and dry seasons. The sensitivity of rainfall to the atmospheric aerosol loading is discussed with regard to the mean mass-weighted diameter and rain rate. This topic was evaluated during the wet season only due to the insignificant statistics of rainfall events for different ranges of aerosol loadings and the low frequency of precipitation events during the dry season. The aerosol impacts on the cloud droplet diameter is different for small and large drops. For the wet season, we observe no dependence on land surface type on the rain rate. However, during the dry season, urban areas exhibit the largest rain rate tail distribution, and deforested regions have the lowest mean rain rate. Airplane measurements were performed to characterize and contrast cloud microphysical properties and processes over forested and deforested regions. The vertical motion turned out to be uncorrelated with cloud droplet sizes, but the cloud droplets number concentration revealed a linear relationship to the vertical motion. Clouds over forest exhibit larger droplets than clouds over pastures at all cloud levels. Finally, the connections between topography and rain rate were evaluated, showing a higher rain rate over higher elevations for the dry season.

scholarly journals Differential size-biased parasitism between Polyacanthorhynchus nigerianus (nomen nudum) and Polyacanthorhynchus echiyensis (nomen nudum) (Acanthocephala: Polyacanthocephala)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Paul Chinedu Echi ◽  
Sanil George ◽  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Seasonal occurrence of acanthocephalans is replete with controversies stemmed from hosts' activities and environmental conditions etc. Ergo, recent mitochondrial DNA resolved two new cystacanths sequences in a parentenic host Polyacanthorhynchus nigerianus NG1 KC904074 and Polyacanthorhynchus echiyensis NG5 KC9040745 has necessitated the present study between wet and dry seasons. Though the trend of infection followed a similar pattern, NG5 had higher prevalence than NG1 with highest prevalence 5.3% in January. However, the trend changed from March-July when the occurrence of NG1 had relatively much lower monthly prevalence < 2.6%. Their differential body size NG5 994.61 +/- 110.07 mm and NG1 237.58 +/- 30.34 mm, respectively, resulted in a trade-off between their body sizes and numbers.

Effects of feed delivery frequency in different environmental conditions on time budget of lactating dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Mattachini ◽  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Anna Sandrucci ◽  
Alberto Tamburini ◽  
Elisabetta Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Standing Time ◽  
Behavioural Activity ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Conventional Farm

This study aimed to examine the influence of feed delivery frequency and environmental conditions on daily time budget of lactating dairy cows. The study was carried out in two commercial dairy farms with Holstein herds. Fifty lactating dairy cows milked in automatic milking units (AMS farm) and 96 primiparous lactating dairy cows milked in a conventional milking parlour (conventional farm) were exposed to different frequencies of feed delivery replicated in different periods of the year (warm and mild) that were characterized by different temperature-humidity indices (THI). On each farm, feeding treatments consisted of two different feed delivery frequencies (1× and 2× on the AMS farm; 2× and 3× on the conventional farm). All behaviours of the cows were monitored for the last 8 d of each treatment period using continuous video recording. The two data sets from different farm systems were considered separately for analysis. On both farms, environmental conditions expressed as THI affected time budgets and the pattern of the behavioural indices throughout the day. The variation in the frequency of feed delivery seems to affect the cow's time budget only in a limited way. Standing time of cows on the conventional farm and the time spent by cows in the milking waiting area on the AMS farm both increased in response to increased feeding frequency. Although feed delivery frequency showed limited influence on cow's time budget, the effect on standing time could be carefully considered, especially on farms equipped with AMS where the type of cow traffic system (e.g., milking first) might amplify the negative consequences of more frequent feed delivery. Further investigations are required to evaluate the effect of THI and feed delivery frequency on other aspects of behavioural activity.

scholarly journals Nutrient Status of Leachates from Selected Dumpsites in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Iyama, William Azuka ◽  
Boisa Ndokiari ◽  
N. Maduelosi, Jane
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

This study was carried out to determine the levels of available nutrient parameters present in leachates from some selected dumpsites in Port Harcourt metropolis. Leachates from the 3-selected dumpsites were analyzed and compared with the seasons, controls and established standards using descriptive and analytical designs. Integrated samples were collected during both wet and dry seasons and analyzed for NO3- PO43- , SO42- and NH4+. The use of 2-way ANOVA, t-test and mean variation were applied to explain trend and seasonal variations. The results showed that there was no significant difference in temporal dimension (seasonally) but there was a high level of spatial variation (stations) in most measured parameters. Though some of the parameters were relatively low compared to standard limits; the study revealed that these dumpsites remain major polluting and nutrient enriching sources to the ecosystem. In order to reclaim these dumpsites from acute contamination, government at all levels should ensure the introduction of active remediation processes alongside physico-chemical methods which can ameliorate the effects of pollution in the environment.

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