scholarly journals Asian–Pacific Oscillation signal from a Qomolangma (Mount Everest) ice-core chemical record

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Shugui Hou ◽  
Hongxi Pang
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
The North ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Highly Loaded

AbstractThe Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) is a climate pattern related to the thermal differences between the Asian continent and the north Pacific. We present a 1000 year record of the major ions in a 108.83 m ice core from east Rongbuk glacier (28°01′ N, 86°58′ E; 6518ma.s.l.) on the northeast slope of Qomolangma (Mount Everest), and discuss its relationship with a 993 year time series of the summer APO index that has been reconstructed from Beijing’s summer temperature (recorded by a stalagmite) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis shows that crustal major ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42– and NO3–) are highly loaded on EOF1, whereas marine major ions (Cl– and Na+) are highly loaded on EOF2. Higher EOF1 is associated with lower upper-troposphere temperature (UTT) over Mongolia, corresponding to a lower APO index and higher surface pressure. Higher EOF2 is associated with higher UTT over Mongolia, corresponding to a higher APO index and lower surface pressure. The higher burden of major ions and higher summer APO index during the period AD 1000–1323 may be due to drought and warm climate of the major-ion source regions. From AD1323 to 1900, EOF1 and EOF2 do not show a consistent correlation with summer APO index, indicating the complex mechanisms of ion transport over the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) during this period. After AD 1900, the summer APO index is correlated negatively with EOF1 and positively with EOF2, indicating that ion transport over the southern TP during this period is influenced significantly by the APO. Our examinations of the PDO index and major-ion record show that higher PDO corresponds to higher EOF1 and lower EOF2. This suggests that the correlation between the recorded major-ion concentration and the APO index originates in the seesaw relationship in temperature between the Asian continent and the north Pacific.

scholarly journals Ice core record of rising lead pollution in the North Pacific atmosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Osterberg ◽  
P. Mayewski ◽  
K. Kreutz ◽  
D. Fisher ◽  
M. Handley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Lead Pollution ◽  
The North ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
The North Pacific

scholarly journals Intra-annual variations in atmospheric dust and tritium in the North Pacific region detected from an ice core from Mount Wrangell, Alaska

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (D10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teppei J. Yasunari ◽  
Takayuki Shiraiwa ◽  
Syosaku Kanamori ◽  
Yoshiyuki Fujii ◽  
Makoto Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Atmospheric Dust ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
The North ◽  
North Pacific Region ◽  
The North Pacific

scholarly journals Interdecadal Relationships between the Asian–Pacific Oscillation and Summer Climate Anomalies over Asia, North Pacific, and North America during a Recent 100 Years

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 4793-4799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Summer Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Summertime relationships between the Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) and climate anomalies over Asia, the North Pacific, and North America are examined on an interdecadal time scale. The values of APO were low from the 1880s to the mid-1910s and high from the 1920s to the 1940s. When the APO was higher, tropospheric temperatures were higher over Asia and lower over the Pacific and North America. From the low-APO decades to the high-APO decades, both upper-tropospheric highs and lower-tropospheric low pressure systems strengthened over South Asia and weakened over North America. As a result, anomalous southerly–southwesterly flow prevailed over the Asian monsoon region, meaning stronger moisture transport over Asia. On the contrary, the weakened upper-tropospheric high and lower-tropospheric low over North America caused anomalous sinking motion over the region. As a result, rainfall generally enhanced over the Asian monsoon regions and decreased over North America.

scholarly journals Accumulation reconstruction and water isotope analysis for 1736–1997 of an ice core from the Ushkovsky volcano, Kamchatka, and their relationships to North Pacific climate records

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sato ◽  
T. Shiraiwa ◽  
R. Greve ◽  
H. Seddik ◽  
E. Edelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
The North ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract. An ice core was retrieved in June 1998 from the Gorshkov crater glacier at the top of the Ushkovsky volcano, in central Kamchatka. This ice core is one of only two recovered from Kamchatka so far, thus filling a gap in the regional instrumental climate network. Hydrogen isotope (δD) analyses and past accumulation reconstructions were conducted for the top 140.7 m of the core, spanning 1736–1997. Two accumulation reconstruction methods were developed and applied with the Salamatin and the Elmer/Ice firn-ice dynamics models, revealing a slightly increasing or nearly stable trend, respectively. Wavelet analysis shows that the ice core records have significant decadal and multi-decadal variabilities at different times. Around 1880 the multi-decadal variability of δD became lost and its average value increased by 6‰. The multi-decadal variability of reconstructed accumulation rates changed at around 1850. Reconstructed accumulation variations agree with ages of moraines in Kamchatka. Ice core signals were significantly correlated with North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and surface temperature (2 m temperature). δD correlates with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) index after the climate regime shift in 1976/1977, but not before that. Therefore, our findings imply that the ice core record contains various information on the local, regional and large-scale climate variability in the North Pacific region. Understanding all detailed mechanisms behind the time-dependent connections between these climate patterns is challenging and requires further efforts towards multi-proxy analysis and climate modelling.

scholarly journals Is the Interannual Variability of the Summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation Predictable?

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3865-3876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Huang ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Easterly Wind ◽  
The North ◽  
Circulation Anomalies ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract The summer (June–August) Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) measures the interannual variability of large-scale atmospheric circulation over the Asian–North Pacific Ocean sector. In this study, the authors assess the predictability of the summer APO index interannual variability and the associated atmospheric circulation anomalies using the 1959–2001 hindcast data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), and the Met Office (UKMO) general circulation models from the Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER) project. The results show that these models predict the summer APO index interannual variability well and have higher skill for the North Pacific than for the Asian upper-tropospheric temperature. Meanwhile, the observed APO-related atmospheric circulation anomalies in the South Asian high, the tropical easterly wind jet over the Asian monsoon region in the upper troposphere, the subtropical anticyclone over the North Pacific, and the summer southwest monsoon over Asia in the lower troposphere are reasonably well predicted in their spatial patterns and intensities. Compared with the observations, however, these models display low skill in predicting the long-term varying trends of the upper-tropospheric temperature over the Asian–North Pacific sector or the APO index during 1959–2001.

scholarly journals Transport of sulfur dioxide from the Asian Pacific Rim to the North Pacific troposphere

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (D23) ◽  
pp. 28489-28499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Thornton ◽  
Alan R. Bandy ◽  
Byron W. Blomquist ◽  
Robert W. Talbot ◽  
Jack E. Dibb
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
The North ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The North Pacific

scholarly journals Variability in the climate of the Pacific Ocean and North America as expressed in the Mount Logan ice core

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Kent Moore ◽  
Keith Alverson ◽  
Gerald Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North America ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The North Pacific

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the climate signal contained in the annual snow-accumulation time series from a high-altitude ice core drilled on Mount Logan in the Saint Elias mountain range of western Canada. With the global meteorological fields from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction re-analysis, we construct composites of the atmospheric circulation and temperature patterns associated with anomalous snow accumulation at the Mount Logan site over the period 1948–87. These results confirm, with an independent method, previous work that identified the existence of a coherent upper-tropospheric circulation anomaly extending over much of the North Pacific Ocean and North America that is associated with snow accumulation at the site. This anomaly has a similar structure to that associated with the extratropical response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Coherent structures consistent with this circulation pattern also exist in both air- and land-temperature fields. In particular, heavy (light) snow accumulation at the site is associated with warmer (colder) air and surface temperatures over the North Pacific Ocean and North America. Over the North Pacific, the sea-surface temperature anomaly associated with heavy snow accumulation at the site has a “horseshoe” pattern that is similar to that associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

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