scholarly journals Recrystallization of snowpack at sites with different degrees of humidity

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (61) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Lobkina
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
The South ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Rate Of Evolution ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Separate Layer

AbstractThe results of monitoring the rate of recrystallization of snow cover at sites with different degrees of humidity are presented. Observations were carried out at two sites within the same stratigraphic complex of snow cover in the south of Sakhalin island, Sea of Okhotsk. The basic structural changes in snowpack were traced. We determined the rate of growth of the diameter of the crystals in the snow layer. The structure of the snowpack was studied using E.G. Kolomyts’s technique. On the basis of stratigraphic observations, diagrams of the stratification of the snow cover were created, to determine the rate of evolution of ice crystals in a separate layer from its inception.

Economic Growth: New Problems and New Risks

2006 ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rate Of Growth

The economic growth, which is underway in Russia, raises new questions to be addressed. How to improve the quality of growth, increasing the role of new competitive sectors and transforming them into the driving force of growth? How can progressive structural changes be implemented without hampering the rate of growth in general? What are the main external and internal risks, which may undermine positive trends of development? The author looks upon financial, monetary and foreign exchange aspects of the problem and comes up with some suggestions on how to make growth more competitive and sustainable.

scholarly journals Crustal variability along the rifted/sheared East African margin: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Vormann ◽  
Wilfried Jokat
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The South ◽  
East African ◽  
The North ◽  
Rifted Margins ◽  
Continental Block ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Southeastern Madagascar

AbstractThe East African margin between the Somali Basin in the north and the Natal Basin in the south formed as a result of the Jurassic/Cretaceous dispersal of Gondwana. While the initial movements between East and West Gondwana left (oblique) rifted margins behind, the subsequent southward drift of East Gondwana from 157 Ma onwards created a major shear zone, the Davie Fracture Zone (DFZ), along East Africa. To document the structural variability of the DFZ, several deep seismic lines were acquired off northern Mozambique. The profiles clearly indicate the structural changes along the shear zone from an elevated continental block in the south (14°–20°S) to non-elevated basement covered by up to 6-km-thick sediments in the north (9°–13°S). Here, we compile the geological/geophysical knowledge of five profiles along East Africa and interpret them in the context of one of the latest kinematic reconstructions. A pre-rift position of the detached continental sliver of the Davie Ridge between Tanzania/Kenya and southeastern Madagascar fits to this kinematic reconstruction without general changes of the rotation poles.

Towards an Improved Parameter-Free Entrainment Model for Snow Avalanches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Issler
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Weak Layer ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S

<p>On physical grounds, the rate of bed entrainment in gravity mass flows should be determined by the properties of the bed material and the dynamical variables of the flow. Due to the complexity of the process, most entrainment formulas proposed in the literature contain some ad-hoc parameter not tied to measurable snow properties. Among the very few models without free parameters are the Eglit–Grigorian–Yakimov (EGY) model of frontal entrainment from the 1960s and two formulas for basal entrainment, one from the 1970s due to Grigorian and Ostroumov (GO) and one (IJ) implemented in NGI’s flow code MoT-Voellmy. A common feature of these three approaches is their treating erosion as a shock and exploiting jump conditions for mass and momentum across the erosion front. The erosion or entrainment rate is determined by the difference between the avalanche-generated stress at the erosion front and the strength of the snow cover. The models differ with regard to how the shock is oriented and which momentum components are considered. The present contribution shows that each of the three models has some shortcomings: The EGY model is ambiguous if the avalanche pressure is too small to entrain the entire snow layer, the IJ model neglects normal stresses, and the GO model disregards shear stresses and acceleration of the eroded mass. As they stand, neither the GO nor the IJ model capture situations―observed experimentally by means of profiling radar―in which the snow cover is not eroded progressively but suddenly fails on a buried weak layer as the avalanche flows over it. We suggest a way to resolve the ambiguity in the EGY model and sketch a more comprehensive model combining all three approaches to capture gradual entrainment from the snow-cover surface together with erosion along a buried weak layer.</p>

Lichens of swamp complexes of Sakhalin Island (Sakhalin Region, Russian Far East)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-426
Author(s):  
I. F. Skirina ◽  
N. A. Tsarenko ◽  
F. V. Skirin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lichen Flora

This paper presents the results of the study of lichen flora in swamp complexes of Sakhalin Island, obtained during expeditionary research in 2005–2009 and 2014–2020. The revealed species composition of lichens includes 172 species. The 28 of them are new for Sakhalin and 93 are new for the island swamp complexes. Bryocaulon pseudosatoanum is included in the regional and federal Red lists. Lecidea nylanderi is new to the south of the Far East. The information about substrates, habitats and locations is given for all species. The data on the distribution in the south of the Far East and, in some cases for all Far East, are listed for selected species that are new for Sakhalin Island and the south of the Far East. For the first time, a characteristic of the distribution of lichens in oligotrophic, eutrophic and mesotrophic bogs of Sakhalin Island is given.

scholarly journals Sectoral Volatility, Development, and Governance: A Case Study of Pakistan

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 797-817
Author(s):  
Toseef Azid ◽  
Naeem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Future

Development of overall economy of any country largely depends upon the characteristics of different prominent sectors such as agriculture, industry, services, etc. Sharp structural change in prominent sectors are experienced by the Pakistan’s economy during the last four decades, in which industrial and service sector have exhibited an extra ordinary rate of growth, while the agricultural sector did not shown that rate of growth which was experienced during the time of green revolution. Due to these structural changes in the prominent sectors volatility of growth rate has been experienced by the economy. To the extent that most of the recent volatility in growth rate of GDP can be attributed to the increasing share of the some volatility of the some prominent sectors, the analysis of their volatility can be useful in providing some enlightenment on the factors behind this phenomenon and its implications for the formulation of the policy in the future.

scholarly journals Structural changes in arboreal ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in an age sequence of cocoa plantations in the south-east of Bahia, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eltamara Souza da Conceição ◽  
Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie ◽  
Terezinha Maria Castro Della Lucia ◽  
Antonio de Oliveira Costa-Neto ◽  
Jonathan David Majer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
The South ◽  
Ant Assemblages ◽  
Age Sequence

scholarly journals The New Avalanche-Like Stochastic Model for Parameterization of Seismicity and Its Application to the South Sakhalin Island Seismicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Rodkin ◽  
I. N. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
Seismic Process ◽  
The South ◽  
Anomalous Increase ◽  
Seismic Regime ◽  
South Sakhalin ◽  
Two Parameters

Seismic process is usually considered as an example of occurrence of the regime of self-organizing criticality (SOC). A model of seismic regime as an assemblage of randomly developing episodes of avalanche-like relaxation, occurring at a set of metastable subsystems, can be the alternative of such consideration. The model is defined by two parameters characterizing the scaling hierarchical structure of the geophysical medium and the degree of metastability of subsystems of this medium. In the assemblage, these two parameters define a modelb-value. An advantage of such approach consists in a clear physical sense of parameters of the model. The application of the model for parameterization of the seismic regime of the south part of Sakhalin Island is considered. The models of space changeability of the scaling parameter and of temporal changeability of the parameter of metastability are constructed. The anomalous increase of the parameter of metastability was found in connection with the Gornozavodsk and Nevelsk earthquakes. At the present time, high values of this parameter occur in the area of the Poyasok Isthmus. This finding is examined in comparison with other indications of an increase in probability of occurrence of a strong earthquake in the South Sakhalin region.

scholarly journals Snow-Creep Pressure on Masts

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Otto Larsen ◽  
Jens Laugesen ◽  
Krister Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Snow Pressure

Snow-pressure measurements have been carried out on two masts at the NGI avalanche station in Grasdalen, western Norway. These two tubular masts have diameters of 0.22 and 0.42 m, respectively, and are situated on a 25° slope with a deep snow cover. The most important conclusions are that within a homogeneous snow-pack there is a close correlation between snow-creep pressure and the product of acceleration due to gravity, g, density, ρ, and snow depth, H, that the highest pressures are recorded in late winter when the snow-pack is at the 0°C isothermal, and finally that a weak 0° C isothermal snow layer at ground level appears to increase snow pressure.

Estimation of the Effect of Meteorological and Orographic Conditions on Aerosol Contamination of the Snow Cover in the South of Tomsk Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Belan ◽  
V. S. Buchelnikov ◽  
V. F. Lysova ◽  
D. V. Simonenkov ◽  
A. V. Talovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
The South ◽  
Tomsk Region
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