Human Variation: From Basic Research to Personalized Medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Human Variation

scholarly journals Organoid based personalized medicine: from bench to bedside

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqi Li ◽  
Peiyuan Tang ◽  
Sanjun Cai ◽  
Junjie Peng ◽  
Guoqiang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Genetically Manipulated

AbstractThree-dimensional cultured organoids have become a powerful in vitro research tool that preserves genetic, phenotypic and behavioral trait of in vivo organs, which can be established from both pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells. Organoids derived from adult stem cells can be established directly from diseased epithelium and matched normal tissues, and organoids can also be genetically manipulated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Applications of organoids in basic research involve the modeling of human development and diseases, including genetic, infectious and malignant diseases. Importantly, accumulating evidence suggests that biobanks of patient-derived organoids for many cancers and cystic fibrosis have great value for drug development and personalized medicine. In addition, organoids hold promise for regenerative medicine. In the present review, we discuss the applications of organoids in the basic and translational research.

scholarly journals OrBITS: A High-throughput, time-lapse, and label-free drug screening platform for patient-derived 3D organoids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Deben ◽  
Edgar Cardenas De La Hoz ◽  
Maxim Le Compte ◽  
Paul Van Schil ◽  
Jeroen M. Hendriks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Convolutional Network

AbstractPatient-derived organoids are invaluable for fundamental and translational cancer research and holds great promise for personalized medicine. However, the shortage of available analysis methods, which are often single-time point, severely impede the potential and routine use of organoids for basic research, clinical practise, and pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Here, we report the development of a high-throughput automated organoid analysis platform that allows for kinetic monitoring of organoids, named Organoid Brightfield Identification-based Therapy Screening (OrBITS). The combination of computer vision with a convolutional network machine learning approach allowed for the detection and tracking of organoids in routine extracellular matrix domes, advanced Gri3D®-96 well plates, and high-throughput 384-well microplates, solely based on brightfield imaging. We used OrBITS to screen chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies, and incorporation of a fluorescent cell death marker, revealed further insight into the mechanistic action of the drug, a feature not achievable with the current gold standard ATP-assay. This manuscript describes the validation of the OrBITS deep learning analysis approach against current standard assays for kinetic imaging and automated analysis of organoids. OrBITS, as a scalable, high-throughput technology, would facilitate the use of patient-derived organoids for drug development, therapy screening, and guided clinical decisions for personalized medicine. The developed platform also provides a launching point for further brightfield-based assay development to be used for fundamental research.

scholarly journals Basic Research in Endocrinology: A Modern Strategy for the Development and Technologies of Personalized Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Elena Shakhtshneider ◽  
Alla Ovsyannikova ◽  
Oksana Rymar ◽  
Yuliya Ragino ◽  
Mikhail Voevoda
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
International Participation

The first all-Russia conference with international participation, “Basic Research in Endocrinology: A Modern Strategy for the Development and Technologies of Personalized Medicine”, was held in Novosibirsk on 26–27 November 2020. [...]

scholarly journals From basic research to personalized medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-232 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Brain Circuitry ◽  
Different Sources

In the future, precision medicine will enable every clinician to tailor treatment and even prevention strategies to an individual's unique characteristics. In order to reach this goal, we need to collect and analyze many different types of data, from many different sources, including symptoms, genomics, and brain circuitry, as well as family dynamics, environmental exposures, and cultural background.

Organoids for Drug Discovery and Personalized Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
New Treatments

A wide variety of organs are in a dynamic state, continuously undergoing renewal as a result of constant growth and differentiation. Stem cells are required during these dynamic events for continuous tissue maintenance within the organs. In a steady state of production and loss of cells within these tissues, new cells are constantly formed by differentiation from stem cells. Today, organoids derived from either adult stem cells or pluripotent stem cells can be grown to resemble various organs. As they are similar to their original organs, organoids hold great promise for use in medical research and the development of new treatments. Furthermore, they have already been utilized in the clinic, enabling personalized medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, I provide an update on current organoid technology and summarize the application of organoids in basic research, disease modeling, drug development, personalized treatment, and regenerative medicine.

A New 1,000 kV Electron Microscope

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
M. Nishigaki ◽  
S. Katagiri ◽  
H. Kimura ◽  
B. Tadano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Biological Specimen ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron

The high voltage electron microscope has many advantageous features in comparison with the ordinary electron microscope. They are a higher penetrating efficiency of the electron, low chromatic aberration, high accuracy of the selected area diffraction and so on. Thus, the high voltage electron microscope becomes an indispensable instrument for the metallurgical, polymer and biological specimen studies. The application of the instrument involves today not only basic research but routine survey in the various fields. Particularly for the latter purpose, the performance, maintenance and reliability of the microscope should be same as those of commercial ones. The authors completed a 500 kV electron microscope in 1964 and a 1,000 kV one in 1966 taking these points into consideration. The construction of our 1,000 kV electron microscope is described below.

An emerging technology: Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
M.J. Hennessy ◽  
E. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Nmr Microscopy ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Temperature Relaxation ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Much progress in nuclear magnetic resonance microscope has been made in the last few years as a result of improved instrumentation and techniques being made available through basic research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies for medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was first observed in the hydrogen nucleus in water by Bloch, Purcell and Pound over 40 years ago. Today, in medicine, virtually all commercial MRI scans are made of water bound in tissue. This is also true for NMR microscopy, which has focussed mainly on biological applications. The reason water is the favored molecule for NMR is because water is,the most abundant molecule in biology. It is also the most NMR sensitive having the largest nuclear magnetic moment and having reasonable room temperature relaxation times (from 10 ms to 3 sec). The contrast seen in magnetic resonance images is due mostly to distribution of water relaxation times in sample which are extremely sensitive to the local environment.

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: developing integration of healthcare programmes with clinical, social and basic research studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1348
Author(s):  
Menu E ◽  
Scarlatti G ◽  
Barré-Sinoussi F ◽  
Gray G ◽  
Bollinger B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Research Studies

The Multiple Faces of Risk-Taking

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schmitz ◽  
Karsten Manske ◽  
Franzis Preckel ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Parameter Recovery ◽  
Task Specificity ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Criterion Variables

Abstract. The Balloon-Analogue Risk Task (BART; Lejuez et al., 2002 ) is one of the most popular behavioral tasks suggested to assess risk-taking in the laboratory. Previous research has shown that the conventionally computed score is predictive, but neglects available information in the data. We suggest a number of alternative scores that are motivated by theories of risk-taking and that exploit more of the available data. These scores can be grouped around (1) risk-taking, (2) task performance, (3) impulsive decision making, and (4) reinforcement sequence modulation. Their theoretical rationale is detailed and their validity is tested within the nomological network of risk-taking, deviance, and scholastic achievement. Two multivariate studies were conducted with youths (n = 435) and with adolescents/young adults (n = 316). Additionally, we tested formal models suggested for the BART that decompose observed behavior into a set of meaningful parameters. A simulation study with parameter recovery was conducted, and the data from the two studies were reanalyzed using the models. Most scores were reliable and differentially predictive of criterion variables and may be used in basic research. However, task specificity and the generally moderate validity do not warrant use of the experimental paradigm for diagnostic purposes.

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