Natürliche und künstliche Verjüngung der Douglasie in Bayern aus genetischer Sicht

Monika Konnert; Barbara Fussi

doi:10.3188/szf.2012.0079

Natürliche und künstliche Verjüngung der Douglasie in Bayern aus genetischer Sicht

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2012.0079 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 163 (3) ◽

pp. 79-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Monika Konnert ◽

Barbara Fussi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Absolute Minimum ◽

Seed Collection ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Provenance Trials ◽

Adult Trees

Genetic aspects related to natural and artificial regeneration of Douglas-fir in Bavaria One of the most important factors when planting Douglas-fir is choosing the most suitable provenance for the site. Under climate change, genetic diversity as the basis for adaptation is of increasing importance. Both aspects, provenance and genetic diversity, have to be considered if natural regeneration of adult stands or planting of new stands are discussed. Numerous provenance trials have proven that the most suitable provenances for Bavaria originate from the coastal region west of the Cascade Mountains in Washington (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii). The interior variety (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca and P. menziesii var. caesia) is unsuitable both because of growth rate and susceptibility to needle cast. However, not only coastal Douglas-fir was planted in Bavaria. Isozyme analysis showed that around 20% of the Bavarian stands represented interior Douglas-fir or a mixture of coastal and interior variety. Through natural regeneration the genetic structure of the adult trees is passed on to the following generation. If gene flow through pollen or seed from neighbouring stands occurs, significant changes in the genetic composition of natural regeneration in comparison with the adult generation will be observed. The same is true for the seed collected from adult stands. This must be taken into consideration when stands are selected as registered seed collection stands. Stands with low genetic diversity and mixture of green and gray variety of Douglas-fir have to be excluded from seed collection. To maintain an appropriate level of genetic diversity in the seed, cones should be collected from at least 20 trees per stand. This should be considered the absolute minimum. Concerning the level of genetic diversity in seed collections from Germany, West Washington (USA) and France (seed orchards), no clear differences were observed.

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Genetic diversity in introduced Douglas-fir and its natural regeneration in Central Europe

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpz055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 535-544

Author(s):

Charalambos Neophytou ◽

Marcela van Loo ◽

Hubert Hasenauer

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Central Europe ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Native Forest ◽

Next Generation ◽

Planted Forests ◽

Seed Sources ◽

The 19Th Century

Abstract Since its first introduction in the 19th century, Douglas-fir has become the economically most important non-native forest tree species in Central European countries. Many of these planted forests are important seed sources and/or exhibit natural regeneration. Thus, it is important to assess (1) the genetic diversity of the mature stands and (2) if the genetic diversity can be passed on to the next generations. In order to address these issues, we genotyped mature Douglas-fir individuals and natural regeneration from >100 native and non-native populations using nuclear microsatellite markers. We compared the genetic diversity of native North American populations with mature Douglas-fir populations in Central Europe. The results show that genetic diversity did not differ significantly between European populations and the assigned native origin. Using a subset of 36 sites from Central Europe, we detected a significant reduction in the genetic diversity of adult versus naturally regenerated juvenile trees, indicating a bottleneck effect in the next generation of European Douglas-fir stands. The main reason may be that the mature European Douglas-fir stands are highly fragmented and thus the stand size is not adequate for transmitting the genetic diversity to the next generation. This should be taken into account for the commercial harvesting of seed stands. Seed orchards may offer a potential alternative in providing high quality and genetically diverse reproductive material.

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Auswirkungen des Douglasienanbaus auf die Biodiversität: wichtige Forschungsfragen (Essay)

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2017.0021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 168 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rolf Holderegger ◽

Kurt Bollmann ◽

Peter Brang ◽

Thomas Wohlgemuth

Keyword(s):

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Forest Biodiversity ◽

Important Research ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Research Questions ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Dispersal Distances

Effects of Douglas fir cultivation on biodiversity: important research questions (essay) Relevant scientific knowledge is still missing for a sound assessment of whether Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) can be silviculturally integrated in Switzerland without having negative effects on forest biodiversity. This includes the assessment of dispersal distances and the extent and locations of natural regeneration as well as the possible negative impacts on biodiversity of Douglas fir in different mixing ratios with other tree species. In this article, we show with what kinds of methods these research questions can be addressed.

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Genetic diversity of seeds from four German Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seed orchards

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-021-01419-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Birte Pakull ◽

Pascal Eusemann ◽

Janine Wojacki ◽

Diana Ahnert ◽

Heike Liesebach

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Seed Orchard ◽

Small Population ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Next Generation ◽

Seed Orchards ◽

Population Sizes ◽

Spatial Isolation ◽

Offspring Generation

AbstractIn Germany, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) is seen as a valuable species for future cultivation in times of climate change. Local seed production in seed stands and seed orchards may secure that local adaptation is transferred to the next generation, but small population sizes could lower genetic diversity and thus future adaptability. Here we analyse the transfer of genetic diversity from parent to offspring generation in four older German seed orchards. We detected low pollen contamination rates due to high levels of spatial isolation. Even with a relatively low number of 40 clones, seed orchard design with randomized and repeated planting of clones led to low selfing rates, and despite uneven parental contributions, the number of successful parents and the level of genetic intermixture were high enough to allow the transfer of an adequate part of the genetic diversity to the next generation. Larger numbers, however, might be needed to reliably conserve the entire genetic diversity over succeeding generations. Conclusions on the establishment of future seed orchards and regarding areas requiring further research are drawn at the end of the paper.

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Genetic diversity in seeds produced in artificial Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands of different size

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2019.02.012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 438 ◽

pp. 18-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Janine Wojacki ◽

Pascal Eusemann ◽

Diana Ahnert ◽

Birte Pakull ◽

Heike Liesebach

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Douglas Fir

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Differences in Growth and Log Quality of Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Provenances

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12030287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Peter Smolnikar ◽

Robert Brus ◽

Kristjan Jarni

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Western Coast ◽

Good Growth ◽

Seed Collection ◽

Performance Quality ◽

Average Survival ◽

The 19Th Century

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is a non-native conifer from western North America that was introduced into European forests at the end of the 19th century. Plantations of Douglas-fir in Europe have shown good performance, quality, and resilience to exacerbating climatic conditions. However, all these qualities strongly depend on provenance. A total of 1061 surviving trees of fifteen different Douglas-fir provenances were measured in a Slovenian provenance trial that was established within the framework of the 1966/1967 IUFRO seed collection program. We found significant differences among provenances with respect to survival rate, growth performance, and log quality. The total recorded yield of the 46-year-old stand was 602.9 m3/ha, and the average survival rate was 43%. The correlation of juvenile tree heights in 1985 and their average breast height diameters in 2017 is positive and significant. Based on vitality and diameter, the best performing provenances were Yelm and Cathlamet. The provenance with the best log quality assessed through branchiness is Jefferson (Olympic Peninsula, western Washington). All the most promising provenances for western Slovenia (Central Europe) originate from the low-altitude western coast of Washington (WACO), with the Cathlamet provenance showing the best combination of good growth, survival rate, and log quality.

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Analysis of herbicide effects on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) natural regeneration

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/77/2009-jfs ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 209-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Hart ◽

M. Nentvichová-Hartová ◽

P. Tauchman

Keyword(s):

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Chemical Preparation ◽

Soil Preparation ◽

Herbicide Effects ◽

Experimental Plots ◽

Made In

Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) natural regeneration under parent stand after weed suppression was investigated in the area of the Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy. The study evaluates two measurements made in a two-year interval. The parent stand, where Douglas fir grows in mixture with our domestic tree species, is one of the oldest and most productive stands at the Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy. Herbicides for the control of weeds were applied onto three permanent experimental plots under the parent stand. Measurements done on the plots show a high potential of natural regeneration in areas where the negative impact of forest weeds was suppressed. This conclusion is acknowledged by the high seedling number found on research plots treated with herbicides. The number of Douglas fir seedlings varied from 21,600 per hectare counted on the plot treated with Dominator to 26,650 seedlings on the plot with Velpar treatment even six years after the soil preparation. Statistical analysis confirmed that the seedling number on the plot without any chemical preparation was significantly lower, only 950 individuals per hectare (χ<sup>2</sup> = 926.84, df = 3, P << 0.01).  

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Effects of soil acidity on Douglas fir seedlings. 1. Rooting characteristics of natural regeneration of Douglas fir in strongly acid forest soils.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v35i4.16713 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 533-536

Author(s):

H.P. Smit ◽

N. van Breemen ◽

W.G. Keltjens

Keyword(s):

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Field Studies ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Total Root Length ◽

Exchangeable Ca ◽

Exchangeable Al ◽

Acid Forest Soils

Results of field studies suggested that total root length of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in mineral soil was affected by high exchangeable Al accompanied by low exchangeable Ca. This was only true, however, if the mineral soil to 5 cm depth was extremely acid (pH

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GENETIC DIVERSITY AND DIFFERENTIATION OF Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco POPULATIONS IN MÉXICO

Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana ◽

10.35196/rfm.2011.4.233 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jorge Cruz-Nicolás ◽

J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández ◽

Porfirio Ramírez-Vallejo ◽

Javier López-Upton

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Population Divergence ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Northwestern Mexico

Mexican populations of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] constitute valuable gene pools for conservation and breeding programs of this species. Genetic diversity and population divergence were estimated using 18 isozyme loci and samples from 11 natural Douglas-fir populations in México. Genetic diversity was high at the species level (83.3 % polymorphic loci and 2.9 alleles per locus), but low at the population level (28.3 % polymorphic loci and 1.52 alleles per locus), particularly for populations from central México. A high level of population differentiation was found (Fst = 0.298), indicating that each population shares only a small fraction of the genetic diversity within the species and that genetic drift might have an important role in shaping the structure of genetic diversity in these populations. Genetic distances among populations in the Sierra Madre Oriental were positively correlated with geographic distances (r = 0.849), but the association was not significant according to the Mantel test. Populations from northeastern México separated from all others, whereas population Mohinora from northwestern México, joined those from central México. These results emphasize the priority for in situ conservation of Douglas-fir populations in central México.

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Assessing the relationship between height growth and molecular genetic variation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) provenances

10.1101/039818 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Charalambos Neophytou ◽

Anna-Maria Weisser ◽

Daniel Landwehr ◽

Muhidin Šeho ◽

Ulrich Kohnle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Variety Versus ◽

Height Growth ◽

Douglas Fir

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is a conifer tree native to western North America. In central Europe, it shows superior growth performance and is considered a suitable substitute for tree species impaired in vitality due to climate change. Maintenance and improvement of growth performance in a changing environment is a main challenge for forest tree breeders. In this context, genetic variation as a factor underlying phenotypic variation, but also as the basis for future adaptation, is of particular interest. The aims of this study were to analyse (i) genetic diversity of selected Douglas-fir provenances, (ii) variation in height growth among provenances, and (iii) to assess the link between genetic and phenotypic variation height growth. Genotyping was done on microsatellite loci. Effects of provenance, genotype, and site on height growth were assessed by fitting mixed linear models. The most significant genetic differentiation was observed between provenances of the coastal variety, versus a provenance of the interior variety originating from British Columbia. Although genetic differentiation among provenances of the coastal variety was lower, genetic structures within this variety were identified. Moreover, genetic diversity showed a latitudinal gradient with the southernmost provenances being more diverse, probably reflecting the species' evolutionary history. The modelling approach revealed that height growth differed significantly by provenance, site, and the interaction between site and provenance, demonstrating that height growth is under strong genetic control. Additionally, this analysis showed that genetic variation captured by the genotyped microsatellite loci was significantly related to variation in height growth, providing statistical evidence for a genetic component in the observed phenotypic variation.

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