Ein Sonderwaldreservat für das Auerhuhn – das Beispiel Amden (Kanton St. Gallen) | A special forest reserve for the capercaillie – the model of Amden (Canton St Gallen)

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Ehrbar ◽  
Kurt Bollmann ◽  
Pierre Mollet
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Young Growth ◽  
Reference Areas

Due to a national species action plan, in Switzerland the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) stands in the center of the forestry measures taken to promote the preservation of biodiversity in mountain forests. Special forest reserves are suitable instruments for the conservation of capercaillie because the consecutive reduction of standing stock is the most important measure to improve the species' habitat quality in Swiss forests. In this article, we describe the ecological conditions, fundamentals and the instruments used to delineate the special forest reserve of Amden (Canton St Gallen, Swiss Pre-Alps) in 2006. Further, we report the planning of the measures and the first experiences with the actions done. The special forest reserve encompasses a national priority area for capercaillie conservation and has a surface of 1772 ha. Forest, particularly high-montane fir-beech forest and high-montane fir-spruce forest, interspersed with many mires and fens, covers 55 percent. For the planning we used an area-wide map of forest stands and one showing habitat suitability. We derived the measures that have to be taken in the near future by comparing the actual and the target state of the forest stands on eleven habitat reference areas. The range of the measures includes thinning for regeneration, the creation of flight and escape aisles, the partial clearing of the proximity of roosting trees, the regulation of young growth in favour of conifers, the planting of silver firs, forest edge improvements, increasing the number of lying logs and pulling down trunks. Until the end of 2009 52 harvests had been done with a volume of 14000 m3, 8 ha of young growth were tended and 3700 young silver firs planted. The procedure has worked well during the first four project years. But only success control regarding the development of habitat quality and the species' population response will show how effective the management concept was. The newly developed principle of habitat reference areas that has been applied for the first time will provide valuable support for such a task ten years after the first measures have been taken.

scholarly journals Egy ismeretlen „őserdő” a Kelet-Mecsekben: 25 éve felhagyott bükkös aljnövényzetének térbeli mintázatai

2013 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Adrienne Ortmann-né Ajkai ◽  
István Zsolt Tóth ◽  
Attila Sirok ◽  
Dániel Nagy ◽  
Péter Kulcsár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Grid Based

A 130-years old beech forest stand (Helleboro odo-ri – Fagetum) in Eastern Mecsek hills (Southern Hungary), abandoned 22-25 years ago, provides excellent opportunities for the study of spontaneous forest dynamics. In 2010 intensive studies started, iniciated by Mecsekerdő Zrt: repeating an individuum-based tree-stand survey of 1986-87, and a grid-based herb layer survey according to the Forest Reserve Protocol. In the herb layer 95 species were found, amongst them 14 protected ones, most of them in the hillside-hilltop ecotone. Most important are the more thousand exemplars of Doronicum orientale. More than 30% percentage of specialist and competitor species indicates a very good naturalness state, comparable with forest reserves.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Response of Vegetation to Rainfall and Temperature fluctuations in the Sahel. Case study in the Forest Reserve of Fina, Mali

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamoko Sanogo ◽  
Birhanu B. Zemadim ◽  
Souleymane Sanogo ◽  
Ashatu Abdulkadiri ◽  
Abdramane BA
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Vegetation Response ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Climate Fluctuation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Response

Forests constitute a key component of the Earth system but the sustainability of the forest reserves in the semi-arid zone is a real concern since its vegetation is very sensitive to the climate fluctuation. The understanding of the mechanisms for the interaction vegetation-climate is poorly studied in the context of African Sahel. In this study, the characteristics of the vegetation response to the fluctuations of precipitation and temperature is determined for the forest reserve of Fina. Rainfall estimates, air temperature and NDVI are used to establish the lag correlations between fluctuations of vegetation and climate variables at both seasonal and interannual bases. Results shows increasing tendency of NDVI started from the 1990s coinciding the recovery of the rainfall from the 1980s drought and the obtained correlation(r=0.66) is statistically significant (pvalue<0.01). The strongest responses of vegetation to rainfall and temperature fluctuations were found after 30 and 15 days, respectively. Moreover, at shorter time lag (e.g. 15 days) more pronounced vegetation responses to both rainfall and temperature were found in agricultural dominated land while at longer time lag (e.g. 30 days) stronger response was observed in Bare dominated land. The vegetation response to the climate fluctuation is modulated by the land use/cover dynamics. Keywords: NDVI, Rainfall, Air temperature, vegetation response, Fina Forest Reserve, Mali.

scholarly journals Production potential and ecological stability of mixed forest stands in uplands – V. A mixed spruce/beech stand on a nutrient-rich site of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 502-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kantor ◽  
V. Hurt
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
The Given ◽  
Young Growth

The study is already the 5<sup>th </sup>account on the production potential and stability of mixed forest stands in uplands. A spruce/beech stand established in the mid-30s of the 20<sup>th</sup>century is assessed. The stand is situated at an altitude of 470 m and since 1960, it is left to its spontaneous development. At that time, the stand was characterized as a silviculturally neglected dense spruce young growth to a small pole-stage stand with an admixture of beech (spruce 71%, beech 13%). In the course of 41 years, spruce proportion in the stand without intentional thinning measures decreased from 71 to 56% and, vice versa, beech proportion increased from 13 to 31%. Present dominant and co-dominant position of spruce in the stand, its health condition and development in recent years indicate that the ecosystem under evaluation is stabilized fulfilling all functions on the given site at an age of 65 years. The stand is permanently fully stocked and its initial standing volume of 109 m<sup>3</sup>/ha at an age of 24 years in 1960 increased to 560 m<sup>3</sup>/ha at an age of 65 years in 2001.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Megastigmus pictus (Förster) (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) and Resseliella skuhravyorum Skrzypcz. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Chełmowa Góra forest reserve of theŚwiętokrzyskiNational Park (Poland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
J. Bąk
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Percent Increase

A study conducted in 1999&ndash;2000 in 6 compartments of the Chełmowa G&oacute;ra forest reserve, situated in the ŚwiętokrzyskieMountains, was aimed at harmful insects infesting cones and seeds of Larix decidua Mill. subsp. polonica (Racib.) Domin. Insect rearing and seed and cone cutting yielded 1,045 specimens of insects belonging to <br />8 species. Resseliella skuhravyorum Skrzypcz. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and Megastigmus pictus (F&ouml;rster) (Hymeno-ptera: Torymidae) were the most abundantly represented species. They were present in cone samples of all investigated trees. The index of infestation of cones by insects (WZS) was higher in the case of trees growing at the forest edge. The analysis by cutting showed an insignificant percent increase &ndash; 6.7% of sound seeds while 88.9% of seeds were blind. M. pictus damaged 2.6% of larch seeds, while R. skuhravyorum 1.7%. The parasitoid Mesopolobus zetterstedtii (Dalla Tore) was received from the mass rearing where its host is M. pictus.

scholarly journals Carbon accretion in unthinned and thinned young-growth forest stands of the Alaskan perhumid coastal temperate rainforest

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David V. D’Amore ◽  
Kiva L. Oken ◽  
Paul A. Herendeen ◽  
E. Ashley Steel ◽  
Paul E. Hennon
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stands ◽  
Temperate Rainforest ◽  
Young Growth

scholarly journals Edge disturbance shapes liana diversity and abundance but not liana-tree interaction network patterns in moist semi-deciduous forests, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bismark Ofosu-Bamfo ◽  
Patrick Addo-Fordjour ◽  
Ebenezer Belford
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Deep Interior ◽  
Network Patterns

We evaluated the response of liana community structure and the patterns of liana-tree interaction structure to forest edge in two moist semi-deciduous forests in Ghana (Asenanyo and Suhuma Forest Reserves: AFR and SFR, respectively). Liana community structure and liana-tree interactions were assessed in 24 50 × 50 m randomly located plots in three forest sites in each forest: edge, interior and deep-interior established at 0-50 m, 200 m and 400 m from edge. Edge effects positively and negatively influenced liana diversity in forest edges of AFR and SFR, respectively. There was a positive influence of edge disturbance on liana abundance in both forests. More liana species experienced positive magnitude of edge influence (MEI) on their abundance. We observed anti-nested structure in all the liana-tree networks in AFR, while no nestedness was observed in the three networks in SFR. The networks in both forests were less connected, and more modular and specialised than their null models. Many liana and tree species were specialised, with the specialisation tending to be symmetrical. Topologically, most of the species were peripherals, with only a few connectors, module hubs, and network hubs. Some of the species showed consistency in their topological roles from one site to another, while the roles of other species changed. Generally, liana species co-occurred randomly on tree species in all the forest sites except edge site in the Asenanyo Forest Reserve. The findings of the study deepen our understanding of liana-tree interactions, provide implications for conservation, and may contribute to development of a robust edge theory.

scholarly journals Canopy gaps in two virgin beech forest reserves in Slovakia

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 446-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Drößler ◽  
B. von Lüpke
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Line Transect Sampling ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Transect Sampling ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Stand Height

The formation, size distribution and percentage of gaps in two virgin deciduous forests are presented in two case studies. Gaps are defined as openings in the canopy above 2/3 of stand height. These gaps comprise <br />16% of the forest area in Have&scaron;ov&aacute; Reserve and 14.6% of the forest area in Kyjov Reserve. The estimated turnover time is <br />220 years. More than half the gaps were caused by the death of one tree, and 80% of the gaps were due to the death of up to 3 trees. The largest gap in Have&scaron;ov&aacute; Reserve was 0.40 ha, resulting from the death of 56 trees over the last 40 years. The area of the largest gap in Kyjov Reserve was 0.44 ha. It was caused by the death of 80 trees over the last 40 years. Such large gaps are scarce. 85% of the gaps are smaller than 250 m&sup2;. A correction of the bias towards the over-abundance of large gaps by line-transect sampling was made by estimating the percentage area of gaps of different size from the percentage length along the transects. In Have&scaron;ov&aacute; an attempt was made to date the death of trees that were still visible in the gaps. 1/5 of the trees initiated gaps by their death, while 4/5 of the trees extended gaps. While uprooted trees dominate in Have&scaron;ov&aacute;, breakage is most common in Kyjov.

Das schweizerische Mittelland und seine Biodiversität (Essay) | The Swiss plateau and its biodiversity

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario F. Broggi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Agricultural Policy Reform ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Areas

When it comes to preserving biodiversity, agriculture and forestry play a key role. The National Science Foundation study published in 1989 on «Minimum requirements of semi-natural areas within the cultural landscape»identified considerable deficiencies for species diversity in the Swiss plateau. The agricultural policy reform introduced in the 1990’s should have met those concerns more directly. Despite new measures such as direct payments and despite high financial investments, during the last several years species diversity within the favored agricultural areas has hardly increased and the Swiss plateau has stayed a species-poor region. However, regarding the forest, conditions within the Swiss plateau are considered to be more favorable. The forest owners and forest enterprises are operating in public areas which, to a certain degree,put constraints on the intensity of management. For the forest, the deficits of highest concern are the insufficient establishment of forest reserves, the lack of diverse structures and the deficiencies of old growth and deadwood. Recently, the request for timber has increased rapidly. In order that the biodiversity does not lose its qualities, ecological standards for forest management are to be defined. The author recommends the development and implementation of an action plan for a national biodiversity strategy which covers the entire living space.

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