scholarly journals Hemmnisse institutionellen Wandels im Kleinprivatwald aus der Sicht der Neuen Institutionenökonomik | Constraints on institutional change in smallscale forestry: a New Institutional Economics perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Production Chain

This contribution looks at the problems of bringing small, private forests into the wood production chain from an institutional theoretical perspective. This would conclude that institutional changes are inevitable. In practice, however, structures in small private forests are characterised by considerable inertia. Various approaches in New Institutional Economics are investigated to determine whether they can provide an explanation for this inertia. Explanatory power can only be developed by employing a combination of different approaches. The current extension of this theory into ideological and trading resources is equally necessary to understand the institutional change in forest management.

scholarly journals The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the institutional change in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-601
Author(s):  
Tomasz Legiędź
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Impact

Motivation: The Covid-19 pandemic is having a critical impact on economies, especially in developing countries. Such a serious external shock affects the distribution of economic rents, thus leading to potentially large institutional changes. Naturally, in the short term we are dealing with an economic crisis and a restriction of civil liberties in both autocratic and democratic countries, however, it is not known what the dynamics of institutional changes will be in the longer run. Aim: The main purpose of the article is to answer if the Covid-19 pandemic becomes a turning point that will determine the institutional system in developing countries for the next few decades. The first part of the article outlines the theory of institutional change, with particular emphasis on the role of external shocks. The next section presents studies on the socioeconomic impact of two major epidemics: The Black Death and the Great Influenza Pandemic. The third part conducts an assessment as to what extent the current pandemic may affect institutions in developing countries, by reference to the example of two countries: Tunisia and Cambodia. The analysis is conducted from the perspective of the new institutional economics. Results: If we look at the experiences from previous pandemics, current events and refer to the literature on the theory of institutional change, we can conclude that significant institutional changes caused by Covid-19 are unlikely. The process of institutional change is characterized by a specific complexity and changing dynamics. Nonetheless, it is the internal factors, reflecting the actions of people trying to maximize the benefits, which are the main cause of change in an institutional system. Therefore, the Covid-19 pandemic is more likely to strengthen the endogeneity of the process of institutional change, rather than change its course.

Water institutional reforms in Chile

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Hearnea ◽  
Guillermo Donosob
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Management Institutions

This paper provides a review of the recent institutional changes observed in the water sector in Chile. This review is then used to reflect the Chilean experience in the light of the results concerning institutional change found in existing literature on both institutional economics in general and water institutional economics in particular. These results relate to factors explaining institutional change and the role of endogenous institutional features, such as path dependency and institutional linkages during the reform process. Against a brief description of the main features of the water sector in Chile, the paper provides an overview of Chilean water management institutions and the reforms process ongoing since the 1980s. The factors that motivated institutional changes in Chile's water management include ideology, transactions costs, interest-group behavior and path dependency. While the already observed institutional changes, such as the transferable water rights, water markets and urban water reforms, are all significant, further reforms are delayed by the deliberate legislative process required for changes as a result of the 1980 Constitution. Future water reforms in Chile, therefore, depend on a very difficult process of political reforms needed to change the 1980 Constitution and the 1981 Water Code.

Historical analysis of institutions and organizations: the case of the Brazilian electricity sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILHERME SIGNORINI ◽  
R. BRENT ROSS ◽  
H. CHRISTOPHER PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Market Protection

AbstractScholars argue that the New Institutional Economics (NIE) has not yet provided causal explanations on how long institutions persist or why and how they suffer dramatic changes. Others state that evidence is still inconclusive to define a theoretical justification on how changes and development occur. This article focuses on the institutions of the electricity sector in Brazil, aiming to heighten the body of empirical research in NIE and produce satisfactory explanations that motivate theory refinement. Based on a qualitative approach, we find that the drivers of the first institutional change in Brazil's electricity sector were related to market protection and domestic industrial support. For the second institutional change, economic recession (country at state of bankruptcy, debt crisis, and high inflation rates) and reliability of utility services were the driving factors. We hope this study systematizes historical facts and helps create grounds for our understanding of institutional evolution and economic growth.

scholarly journals Property rights, institutional change and development in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
South African ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Universal System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shed Light

Orientation: This article examined the link between property rights and development in the context of South Africa. Research purpose: The article sought to unpack the implications of Hernando De Soto’s work and the broader institutional economics literature for the policy challenges that South Africa currently confronts. Motivation for the Study: Hernando De Soto’s call for a property rights system accessible to all has had a limited impact in South Africa even though his arguments linking poverty to limited property rights systems seems highly relevant here. This is a legacy of Apartheid that has not yet been properly tackled. At the same time, South African realities may raise questions about De Soto’s conclusions and his policy recommendations. Research design: The article provided a textual analysis of De Soto’s work and then applied it to an investigation of South African poverty and the policies that have been implemented since 1994. The article also drew on seminal contributions to institutional economics to shed light on the process of institutional change, and then showed how this perspective fits with much of what De Soto has written about transforming property rights systems. Main findings: This article argued that extending property rights to all is vital for development and for overcoming a major legacy of apartheid. However, moving from a restricted to a universal system requires fundamental institutional changes that are difficult to achieve. Contribution: While De Soto has often advocated a top-down, overly simplistic policy approach in the past, this article showed that the necessary changes can only come about via an incremental, bottom-up approach. To this end, it is particularly important to strengthen the accountability and capacity of local government.

Ideology, interest groups, and institutional change: the case of the British prohibition of wages in kind

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELAINE S. TAN
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Social Ideology ◽  
Legislative Changes

The new institutional economics has emphasized the importance of ideology in determining the content and direction of institutional change. Ideology can also determine when interest groups succeed in achieving legislative favor. The case of the regulation of in-kind wages in Britain shows that factors highlighted in mainstream political economy (such as interest group strength and organization, self-interest of legislators, and coalitional partners) were important. However, the interaction between relative price changes and social ideology was also significant in explaining the shape and timing of legislative changes. Changes in relative prices gave labor groups the incentive to seek legal protection from non-monetary wages, but they obtained protection only if they met certain criteria established by the prevailing ideology. Changes to that ideology resulted in further legislative changes granting cash wages to most industrial workers.

Methodological background of human model in modern economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Olga Lozina ◽  
Leonid Tutov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Predicting Behavior

Human behavior in the face of new challenges of changing economic reality is of interest not only to Economics, but also to other social Sciences. In this regard, the question of creating a universal human model as a tool for interpreting and predicting behavior remains open. The article analyzes the formation of human model in the economy comparing neoclassical and alternative approaches. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of methodological development of the model not only as a tool for analyzing economic phenomena and processes, but also as an independent object of knowledge. The results of the study show that drawing on the interdisciplinary approach of new institutional Economics, behavioral Economics, and social Sciences, you may perform a more profound study of behavioral assumptions, including an appeal to the motivational component of behavior, which expands the explanatory power of the model. The findings can be used both for promising theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of an individual as an economic entity, and for solving practical problems.

Towards micro-foundations of institutional change

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Bruce ◽  
Peter von Staden
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Sociology ◽  
Micro Foundations

Purpose Given managerial choices and the sociocultural context in which they are made are at the heart of management history, then an understanding of both is critical. This paper argues that the “late” North (2005) provides such an understanding. Design/methodology/approach This study is a research review synthesizing much disparate but cognate literature across the new institutionalism in organizational sociology/studies and in economics. Findings “Late” North (2005) provides an important ontological frame for dealing with the so-called “paradox of embedded agency”, an approach that may afford management historians a more thorough account of how institutions are formed and change over time. North has always maintained that institutional change is the outcome of deliberate or intentional choices made by actors. However, and unlike his earlier work which ignores how humans come to make the said choices, North (2005) explicates the sociocognitive process by which intentionality emerges with expanded consciousness, as humans construct ideas and beliefs about reality, beliefs that shape decisions to alter the said reality via the process of institutional change. Originality/value It is rather curious that despite North’s status as a “historian”, management historians – or at least those publishing in this journal from its founding in 1995 – do not seem to be terribly interested in North’s work. Although North rates a mention in rival journals, other than Dagnino and Quattrone’s (2006) study, papers in this journal invoking institutional theory align with the new institutionalism in organizational sociology/studies (NIOS) rather than North’s new institutional economics (NIE). Even in the related sub-discipline of business history, those professing an interest in institutions are more interested in the NIE of non-historians Coase and Oliver Williamson than they are in North’s NIE. And, in recent work analysing the place and significance of institutional theory in historical research, the foundations are unmistakeably NIOS rather than North’s NIE.

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