scholarly journals Auffällige Stammkrebse an Eiben (Taxus baccata L.) im Fürstenwald bei Chur (Graubünden, Schweiz) | Stem Canker of Yew Trees (Taxus baccata L.) in the Fürstenwald near Chur, Canton Grisons, Switzerland

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Hassler ◽  
Werner Schoch ◽  
Roland Engesser
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Taxus Baccata

The yew (Taxus baccata L.) is not generally considered to be susceptible to fungal infections or destructive insects. In the Fürstenwald near Chur (Canton Grisons,Switzerland) however, every fourth yew in a population manifests widespread stem canker. Fungal infection is suspected to be the cause of the cankerous growth.

scholarly journals The Prediction and Prognosis of Fungal Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients—A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Yae-Jee Baek ◽  
Yun-Suk Cho ◽  
Moo-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong-Hoon Hyun ◽  
Yu-Jin Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients

(1) Background: Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) are at substantial risk of invasive fungal disease (IFD), although no consensus has been reached on the use of antifungal agents (AFAs) after lung transplantation (LTx). This study aimed to assess the risk factors and prognosis of fungal infection after LTx in a single tertiary center in South Korea. (2) Methods: The study population included all patients who underwent LTx between January 2012 and July 2019 at a tertiary hospital. It was a retrospective cohort study. Culture, bronchoscopy, and laboratory findings were reviewed during episodes of infection. (3) Results: Fungus-positive respiratory samples were predominant in the first 90 days and the overall cumulative incidence of Candida spp. was approximately three times higher than that of Aspergillus spp. In the setting of itraconazole administration for 6 months post-LTx, C. glabrata accounted for 36.5% of all Candida-positive respiratory samples. Underlying connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, use of AFAs before LTx, a longer length of hospital stay after LTx, and old age were associated with developing a fungal infection after LTx. IFD and fungal infection treatment failure significantly increased overall mortality. Host factors, antifungal drug resistance, and misdiagnosis of non-Aspergillus molds could attribute to the breakthrough fungal infections. (4) Conclusions: Careful bronchoscopy, prompt fungus culture, and appropriate use of antifungal therapies are recommended during the first year after LTx.

scholarly journals Estimated Burden of Fungal Infections in Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Shuhoumi ◽  
David W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Underlying Pathology

For many years, fungi have emerged as significant and frequent opportunistic pathogens and nosocomial infections in many different populations at risk. Fungal infections include disease that varies from superficial to disseminated infections which are often fatal. No fungal disease is reportable in Oman. Many cases are admitted with underlying pathology, and fungal infection is often not documented. The burden of fungal infections in Oman is still unknown. Using disease frequencies from heterogeneous and robust data sources, we provide an estimation of the incidence and prevalence of Oman’s fungal diseases. An estimated 79,520 people in Oman are affected by a serious fungal infection each year, 1.7% of the population, not including fungal skin infections, chronic fungal rhinosinusitis or otitis externa. These figures are dominated by vaginal candidiasis, followed by allergic respiratory disease (fungal asthma). An estimated 244 patients develop invasive aspergillosis and at least 230 candidemia annually (5.4 and 5.0 per 100,000). Only culture and microscopy are currently available for diagnosis, so case detection is suboptimal. Uncertainty surrounds these figures that trigger the need for urgent local epidemiological studies with more sensitive diagnostics.

scholarly journals Rapidly dissolving microneedle patch of amphotericin B for intracorneal fungal infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyaa A. Albadr ◽  
Ismaiel A. Tekko ◽  
Lalitkumar K. Vora ◽  
Ahlam A. Ali ◽  
Garry Laverty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Microneedle Patch

AbstractChronic fungal infection of the cornea could lead to blindness if not treated properly. Topical amphotericin B (AMP-B) is considered the first treatment of choice for ocular fungal infection. However, factors related to its poor solubility and penetration through intact cornea lead to poor bioavailability. Microneedles (MNs) are emerging as a minimally invasive method to enhance ocular drug delivery. This study aims to investigate the potential use of biodegradable poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hyaluronic acid (HA)–based rapidly dissolving MNs for delivery of AMP-B to treat fungal infection. The data obtained illustrates PVP/HA MN arrays’ reproducibility, good mechanical strength, and faster dissolution with 100% drug recovery. Multiphoton microscopic results revealed that MNs successfully penetrate the corneal tissue and enhance AMP-B permeation through corneal layers. Furthermore, PVP/HA MN arrays showed high solubility. Both PVP and HA successfully decreased AMP-B cytotoxicity when compared to free drug. More interestingly, the biocompatible MN formulations preserved the antifungal activity of AMP-B, as demonstrated by significant inhibition of fungal growth. Therefore, this study shows the feasibility of ocular delivery of the poorly soluble AMP-B using a fast-dissolving MN patch. Graphical abstract

Fungal infection after endothelial keratoplasty: association with hypothermic corneal storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Lau ◽  
Aida Hajjar Sesé ◽  
Victor A Augustin ◽  
Geert Kuit ◽  
Mark R Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Donor Tissue ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Eye Banks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Host Cornea

PurposeTo compare the incidence of fungal infection after endothelial keratoplasty (EK) when donor tissue had been stored in hypothermic medium or organ culture.MethodsWe describe the clinical features of 10 cases of fungal infection (keratitis or endophthalmitis) following EK identified at three European centres. Case definition was the culture of fungus or a positive PCR from the host cornea or anterior chamber after EK. A survey of the incidence of infection after EK was conducted by the European Eye Bank Association. The main outcome measure was the number of cases in which donor tissue had been stored in hypothermic medium compared with organ culture.ResultsThe 10 cases occurred between 2014 and 2017. All donor corneas had been stored in hypothermic medium sourced from three US eye banks. Three pairs of mate corneas caused infections in six recipients. Candida spp were identified from nine cases, with one isolate of Purpureocillium lilacinum. Data on 16 862 corneas supplied for EK were available from 16 European eye banks for the 5-year period from 2012. There were 17 reported cases of infection, of which 15 (88%) were fungal infections and 14 (82%) were Candida spp. Fungal infection was reported from 3 of 14 476 (0.02%) corneas supplied in organ culture compared with 12 of 2386 (0.50%) corneas supplied in hypothermic medium (p<0.0001). The incidence of infection after hypothermic storage was similar for material sourced from Europe (0.52%) or the USA (0.61%).ConclusionsInfection after EK is strongly associated with Candida spp. The possible explanations for the higher incidence of infection when tissue is stored in hypothermic medium are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Prophylactic Antifungal Protocols on the Prognosis of Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score Matching and Multistate Model Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chan Chen ◽  
Ting-Shuo Huang ◽  
Yu-Chao Wang ◽  
Chih-Hsien Cheng ◽  
Chen-Fang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Antifungal Prophylaxis ◽  
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital ◽  
Multistate Model ◽  
End Stage

Background. Whether routine antifungal prophylaxis decreases posttransplantation fungal infections in patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of antifungal prophylaxis for patients receiving OLT.Patients and Methods. This is a retrospective analysis of a database at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. We have been administering routine antibiotic and prophylactic antifungal regimens to recipients with high model for end-stage liver disease scores (>20) since 2009. After propensity score matching, 402 patients were enrolled. We conducted a multistate model to analyze the cumulative hazards, probability of fungal infections, and risk factors.Results. The cumulative hazards and transition probability of “transplantation to fungal infection” were lower in the prophylaxis group. The incidence rate of fungal infection after OLT decreased from 18.9% to 11.4% (p=0.052); overall mortality improved from 40.8% to 23.4% (p<0.001). In the “transplantation to fungal infection” transition, prophylaxis was significantly associated with reduced hazards for fungal infection (hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.34–0.96,p=0.033). Massive ascites, cadaver transplantation, and older age were significantly associated with higher risks for mortality.Conclusion. Prophylactic antifungal regimens in high-risk recipients might decrease the incidence of posttransplant fungal infections.

scholarly journals Histopathological Pattern of Fungal Infections Seen in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from 2014 To 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
M. Sirajo ◽  
O. O. Okechi ◽  
A. T. Muhammad ◽  
R. I. Tsamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
Subcutaneous Mycosis ◽  
Common Manifestation ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Introduction: Fungal infection is a common manifestation in this part of the country and worldwide. It is essential to define the epidemiology of fungal infection in a particular environment. Aim: This study aims to analyze the diagnosis of fungal infection carried out in patients attending the histopathology department (UDUTH) Sokoto from 2014 to 2018. Method: This study is a retrospective study of all fungal infection biopsies carried out from 2014 – 2019 in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria, a referral centre for the neighbouring northern states Kebbi and Zamfara. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of UDUTH, data was collected from histological report cards and analyze manually. Some tissue blocks of the case were retrieved to confirm the diagnosis. A total of 66 requests for fungal diagnosis were received from January 2014 to December 2018, which represent about 0.7% of the total biopsies received over the study period. Result: Out of the 66 of request for fungal diagnosis 32(48.5%) were fungal positive. Subcutaneous mycosis was the most frequent fungal infection with a frequency of 18(56.25%). Males were more frequently affected than females with the frequencies of 18(56.25%) and 14 (43.75%) respectively.

scholarly journals Autopsy dissection techniques and investigations in deaths due to COVID-19 triggered fungal infections - A diagnostic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Himanshi Narang ◽  
Amit Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic, which originated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread worldwide, including India. As India grappled with the second wave, COVID-triggered fungal infection has suddenly risen tremendously, raising a sense of panic in the country. The fungal infection in COVID-19 includes Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis, as common fungal infections primarily affecting rhino-orbital structures. Many research papers have published postmortem findings in autopsies conducted on COVID-19 decedents, thereby helping to understand this contagious disease's pathogenesis. But, with the arrival of COVID-triggered fungal infection, which is a crucial invasive disease responsible for fatality, very few research papers have commented on the postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections affecting the rhino-orbital and craniocerebral structures in COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, the role of invasive fungal infection due to COVID-19 illness must be established in the causation of deaths in COVID-19 patients. This review research deals with autopsy dissection techniques and possible postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections involving the nasal and paranasal sinuses and orbital structures in COVID-19 deaths. The findings of fungal infection affecting nasal and paranasal systems may not differ in live patients and in a deceased; however, it is essential that correct interpretation of the postmortem findings aided by pre-or post-autopsy investigations is necessary to establish the role of covid triggered fungal infection in such deaths.

Fungal Infection in Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Amirmehdi Sarvestani ◽  
Mohammad Almasian ◽  
Amirhossein Nafari
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
New Treatments

Background: The prevalence of fungal infections has been increasing in recent years. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects organs such as the intestines, liver, pancreas, and especially the lungs. Introduction: Fungal pathogens are becoming a challenge in CF. Advanced medical science is associated with longer life expectancy in some patient groups. Method: A review was conducted on studies found on online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Internet-based searches were performed on these databases for cystic fibrosis, respiratory infections, and fungal infection profiling to identify all relevant studies published between 2010 and 2020. Result: Fungal pathogens most frequently isolated from the respiratory tract include the Aspergillus genus, the Candida genus, Scedosporium apiospermum, and the Rasamsonia genus. In cystic fibrosis, these organisms usually colonize the respiratory and intestinal tracts and cause hypersensitivity responses and invasive diseases. Conclusion: Fungus-patient interactions are complicated and depend on various factors. Moreover, the emergence of drug-resistant species is a serious health issue, and the development of new treatments is crucial.

Identification and in Vitro Susceptibility Pattern of Fungal Pathogens in Immunocompromised Patients with invasive Fungal Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Shaimaa A.S. Selem ◽  
Neveen A. Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Z. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Doaa M. Abd El-Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Vitek 2

Background: In intensive care units, invasive fungal infections have become more common, particularly among immunocompromised patients. Early identification and starting the treatment of those patients with antifungal therapy is critical for preventing unnecessary use of toxic antifungal agents. Objective: The aim of this research is to determine which common fungi cause invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, as well as their antifungal susceptibility patterns in vitro, in Assiut University Hospitals. Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive study conducted on 120 patients with clinical suspicion of having fungal infections admitted at different Intensive Care Units (ICUs) at Assiut University Hospitals. Direct microscopic examination and inoculation on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) were performed on the collected specimens. Isolated yeasts were classified using phenotypic methods such as chromogenic media (Brilliance Candida agar), germ tube examination, and the Vitek 2 system for certain isolates, while the identification of mould isolates was primarily based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Moulds were tested in vitro for antifungal susceptibility using the disc diffusion, and yeast were tested using Vitek 2 device cards. Results: In this study, 100 out of 120 (83.3%) of the samples were positive for fungal infection. Candida and Aspergillus species were the most commonly isolated fungal pathogens. The isolates had the highest sensitivity to Amphotericin B (95 %), followed by Micafungin (94 %) in an in vitro sensitivity survey. Conclusion: Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, with Candida albicans being the most frequently isolated yeast from various clinical specimens; however, the rise in resistance, especially to azoles, is a major concern.

Effectiveness of Homoeopathy in Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris – A Prospective, Longitudinal Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 618-627
Author(s):  
Yogeshwari Gupta ◽  
◽  
Sonia Tuteja ◽  
Ankita Acharya ◽  
Vikrant Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptom ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tinea Cruris ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Dermatophytoses refers to superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissues caused by keratinophilic dermatophytes. According to observations worldwide, dermatophytoses are the most common of the superficial fungal infections. It is common in tropics and may present in epidemic proportions in areas with high rates of humidity. This prospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted at SKHMC, Jaipur for a period of 1 year (April 2018 to March 2019), aiming to ascertain the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris. In this study, 65 cases of Tinea Infection (33 cases of Tinea cruris & 32 cases of Tinea corporis) were treated with homoeopathic medicines prescribed on the basis of totality of the symptoms. Treatment outcomes were assessed using Clinical Symptom Score, designed for this study & approved by Institutional Ethical Committee. Out of 65 patients, 41 patients (63.1%) got improved; 19 patients (29.2%) were at status quo and 05 patients (07.7%) became worse. Maximum patients were found to be in the age group of 11-40 years (n=50; 76.9%). Males were observed to be affected more as compared to females. Paired t-test was conducted on the Clinical Symptom Scores obtained before and after treatment and the result showed that p value is < 0.05 & value of t (11.623) is greater than the tabulated value in t-table at df = 64 (1.997), which was statistically significant and which also concluded that homoeopathic medicines were effective in treating Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris. Keywords Homeopathy; Dermatophytoses; Fungal infection; Observational study

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