scholarly journals Anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani causing brown patch of creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass in golf courses in Japan.

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HAYAKAWA ◽  
M. HYAKUMACHI ◽  
T. TODA ◽  
S. YAGUCHI ◽  
M. KOBAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Anastomosis Groups

scholarly journals A Dimorphic and Virulence-Enhancing Endosymbiont Bacterium Discovered in Rhizoctonia solani

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Obasa ◽  
Frank F. White ◽  
John Fellers ◽  
Megan Kennelly ◽  
Sanzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts

The ubiquitous soilborne and plant-pathogenic basidiomycete Rhizoctonia solani, although classified as a single species, is a complex of anastomosis groups (AGs) that cause disease in a broad range of higher plants. Here, we investigated the persistent co-isolation of bacteria with R. solani from brown patch-infected, cool-season turfgrasses, and report the presence of endo-hyphal bacteria, related to members in the genus Enterobacter, in an isolate of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB. The intracellular localization of the bacteria was corroborated by fluorescence, confocal and electron microscopy, and DNA analysis. Furthermore, the Enterobacter sp., which is rod-shaped in the free-living form, exists as an L-form (spheroid) within the fungus, a phenomenon not previously reported in endosymbionts. Our findings also indicate that the bacterium is required for full virulence of R. solani on creeping bentgrass and production of wild type levels of the toxin phenylacetic acid in fungal cultures. The possible presence of bacterial endosymbionts in R. solani AG 2-2IIIB may portend the presence of bacteria in additional AGs as well as other Rhizoctonia species, and may help resolve some of the complexities of R. solani pathogenicity. A closely associated bacterium could influence aspects of plant host pathology.

scholarly journals Application of Pseudomonas aureofaciens Tx-1 through Irrigation for Control of Dollar Spot and Brown Patch on Fairway-height Turf

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1750-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Hardebeck ◽  
Ronald F. Turco ◽  
Richard Latin ◽  
Zachary J. Reicher
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Pseudomonas Aureofaciens ◽  
Disease Pressure

Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain Tx-1 is suggested as a biological control for Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (F.T. Bennett) and brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) on golf courses. To overcome application difficulties, a field bioreactor is used to grow Tx-1 daily and then inject into nightly irrigation on the golf course. Though Tx-1 shows some promise for disease control in vitro, it is relatively untested under field conditions. We conducted three field experiments to 1) evaluate the efficacy Tx-1 when applied through an irrigation system for the control of dollar spot and brown patch; 2) determine if there is an interaction between nitrogen fertility or fungicides on efficacy of Tx-1; and 3) determine if Tx-1 can extend the duration of dollar spot control by a single application of fungicide. Nightly applications of Tx-1 through irrigation did not affect brown patch on `Astoria' colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris Sibth.) during the 2 years of our study. Tx-1 reduced dollar spot in `Crenshaw' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) by 37% in 1998 compared to non-Tx-1 treatments, but Tx-1 had no effect on dollar spot in 1999. Under low disease pressure, Tx-1 increased the dollar spot control of fungicides by 32% and increased the duration of control by 2.6 days. However, Tx-1 had no effect on fungicide efficacy or duration of control later in the summer when dollar spot pressure was high. Fungicides did not negatively affect Tx-1's control of brown patch or dollar spot, nor did fertilizer regime affect brown patch or dollar spot control by Tx-1. Although delivery of Tx-1 in our studies was optimized, disease control was marginal and occurred only under low disease pressure. Therefore, we conclude Tx-1 has limited practical value for turfgrass disease control on golf courses.

Cool-Season Turfgrass Survival on Two Former Golf Courses in Michigan

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Garrison ◽  
John C. Stier ◽  
John N. Rogers ◽  
Alec R. Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Herbaceous Dicots

AbstractMost turfgrass species have been listed as either invasive or potentially invasive species in the U.S., but few data exist to verify their invasiveness. Our objective was to determine cool-season turfgrass survival on two abandoned golf courses to assess their invasive potential in unmanaged sites. Maintenance operations ceased at Matheson Greens Golf Course in 2000 and at Four Winds Golf Course in 2003. The frequency and abundance of creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and fine fescues in quadrats placed along transects were recorded and compared to other cover such as herbaceous dicots and bare soil in 2005 and 2007. Turfgrasses at both courses were unable to maintain monocultures. All turfgrasses were nearly absent from Matheson Greens Golf Course 5 yr after maintenance operations ceased. At the Four Winds Golf Course site, creeping bentgrass comprised less than 25% cover on former putting greens by 2007, and was rarely found outside of the former putting green areas. Kentucky bluegrass cover ranged from 5 to 75% on the former fairways. Herbaceous dicots usually dominated the former turf areas at both sites, and included noxious weeds such as Canada thistle and invasive weeds such as spotted knapweed.

scholarly journals Survival of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 IIIB Causing Brown Patch Disease of Creeping Bentgrass.

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-525
Author(s):  
Koji KAGEYAMA ◽  
Fumio KITAMURA ◽  
Taketo AOYAGI ◽  
Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Patch Disease

scholarly journals Anastomosis Groups and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani and Binucleate Rhizoctonia from Potato in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1790-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Muzhinji ◽  
M. Truter ◽  
J. W. Woodhall ◽  
J. E. van der Waals
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Binucleate Rhizoctonia ◽  
Anastomosis Groups ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

A survey of anastomosis groups (AG) of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with potato diseases was conducted in South Africa. In total, 112 Rhizoctonia solani and 19 binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) isolates were recovered from diseased potato plants, characterized for AG and pathogenicity. The AG identity of the isolates was confirmed using phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. R. solani isolates recovered belonged to AG 3-PT, AG 2-2IIIB, AG 4HG-I, AG 4HG-III, and AG 5, while BNR isolates belonged to AG A and AG R, with frequencies of 74, 6.1, 2.3, 2.3, 0.8, 12.2, and 2.3%, respectively. R. solani AG 3-PT was the most predominant AG and occurred in all the potato-growing regions sampled, whereas the other AG occurred in distinct locations. Different AG grouped into distinct clades, with high maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood bootstrap support for both R. solani and BNR. An experiment under greenhouse conditions with representative isolates from different AG showed differences in aggressiveness between and within AG. Isolates of AG 2-2IIIB, AG 4HG-III, and AG R were the most aggressive in causing stem canker while AG 3-PT, AG 5, and AG R caused black scurf. This is the first comprehensive survey of R. solani and BNR on potato in South Africa using a molecular-based approach. This is the first report of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4 HG-I causing stem and stolon canker and BNR AG A and AG R causing stem canker and black scurf on potato in South Africa.

Sequence variation of the rDNA ITS regions within and between anastomosis groups in Rhizoctonia solani

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kuninaga ◽  
Tomohide Natsuaki ◽  
Toru Takeuchi ◽  
Ryozo Yokosawa
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Anastomosis Groups ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Its Regions

scholarly journals Impact of Bispyribac-sodium Application on Annual Bluegrass Control and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rates

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], with limited options available for postemergence control. Field research was conducted to evaluate bispyribac-sodium application rates (37 or 74 g ai·ha−1) (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) and timings (March, April or May) as well as iron supplementation on brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) severity, annual bluegrass control, and tall fescue quality. In general, applying bispyribac-sodium to tall fescue did not result in significantly more brown patch than in untreated plots in field trials. Applying bispyribac-sodium in March or April resulted in significantly higher annual bluegrass control than applications in May. In greenhouse experiments, bispyribac-sodium at 37 and 74 g ai·ha−1 (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) was applied to brown patch-inoculated tall fescue plants. Under conditions of high inoculum and humidity in those greenhouse studies, applications of bispyribac-sodium increased the number of brown patch lesions relative to untreated plants. Tall fescue plant height was initially reduced after being treated with bispyribac-sodium; however, six weeks after application tall fescue plants in treated with herbicide were taller than the nontreated plants.

Residue management increases seed yield of three turfgrass species on the Canadian prairies

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
J. J. Soroka ◽  
H. G. Najda
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
The Impact

Little information is available on the management of turfgrass species for seed production in the Canadian prairies. The objective of these studies was to assess the impact of residue management and row spacing on seed yield under irrigation. A factorial experiment was seeded at Saskatoon, SK, in 1993 to assess the impact of burning or scalping (very close mowing with residue removal) vs. mowing, and 20- vs. 40-cm row spacing on seed yield of Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) (Poa pratensis), creeping red fescue (CRF) (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) and creeping bentgrass (CBG) (Agrostis palustris). Also, a residue management trial on KBG was seeded at Brooks, AB, in 1993. At Saskatoon, yield was higher at 20-cm spacing across all three species in 1994, but spacing had no impact on winter survival, stand density, tiller growth or yield in subsequent years. Burning and scalping consistently resulted in earlier spring green-up, a higher proportion of fertile tillers, and higher seed yield than mowing. Even with residue management, yield declined after one harvest in CBG and CRF, and after two harvests in KBG. At Brooks, residue management had a similar impact on yield of KBG. A second trial at Brooks examined the impact of row spacing (20, 40, 60 cm) and seeding rate (0.5 to 6 kg seed ha-1) on KBG. Seed yield was highest at 40-cm spacings in 1994, at 60 cm in 1995, and at 40 to 60 cm in 1996. Seeding rate did not have a consistent effect on yield. We conclude that a combination of residue management and 20- to 40-cm spacings provide the highest, most consistent seed yields for these turfgrass species in this region. Key words: Burning, clipping, turfgrass, seed production, row spacing, Poa, Festuca, Agrostis

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