scholarly journals Emendation of Pseudomonas cissicola, the Causal Organism of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagn. and Designation of the Neotype Strain

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao GOTO ◽  
Takahiro MAKINO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Cayratia Japonica

scholarly journals Status of Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease of Anthurium in Trinidad and Characterization of Native Isolates of the Causal Organism, Acidovorax anthurii

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027
Author(s):  
Annelle W.B. Holder ◽  
Winston Elibox ◽  
Pathmanathan Umaharan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Potassium Tartrate ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Minimal Media

Bacterial leaf spot disease (BLS) of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André), caused by Acidovorax anthurii has contributed to the decline of the anthurium industry in Trinidad along with bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae. This study investigated the status of BLS 12 years after its first discovery in 10 commercial anthurium farms located in nine geographically isolated areas in Trinidad. The disease was prevalent in only four farms located in Arima, Carapo, Brazil, and Grand Couva, and was a problem only in the wet season. Severity of BLS showed a strong association with prevalence of BLS (r = 0.92; P < 0.01) and rainfall (r = 0.64; P < 0.05). Cultivar differences in susceptibility to BLS were manifested as variation in the severity of foliar symptoms in adult plants and as frequency of systemic infection and plant death in juvenile plants. The native A. anthurii isolates showed morphophysiological and biochemical properties similar to isolates reported from the French West Indies, but with some differences. Native isolates did not grow at 41 °C or produce acid from arabinose, although some isolates produced acid from sucrose and mannitol. Two isolates were negative for urease activity, and one isolate did not elicit a hypersensitive reaction on the tobacco variety, ‘Samsun NN’. The native A. anthurii isolates were positive for Tween 80 hydrolysis, negative for acid production from potassium tartrate, and variable for production of acid from ethanol. There were significant differences between isolate colony diameters on minimal media, potassium tartrate, mannitol, ethanol, and glycerol. However, growth in minimal media amended with glycerol produced the largest colony diameters (mean of 8.6 mm). Although there were differences (P < 0.001) between the native isolates with respect to aggressiveness, significant cultivar × isolate interaction was not observed. Isolates collected from different geographical regions did not differ in aggressiveness. These results show that there is greater variation in morphophysiology of A. anthurii isolates than previously reported.

scholarly journals Bacterial Leaf Spot of Lettuce: Relationship of Temperature to Infection and Potential Host Range of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Robinson ◽  
J. B. Jones ◽  
Ken Pernezny
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Potential Host

Epidemiological aspects, including optimum temperature for infection and host range of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, causal organism of bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of lettuce, were investigated. The optimum temperature for infection was determined to be 22.7°C based on growth chamber studies. Internal populations were monitored over time in lettuce, tomato, pepper, parsley, cilantro, and beet. Each plant species was infiltrated with the bacterium at 105CFU/ml. Highest populations developed in lettuce (108CFU/cm2) followed by pepper with 106CFU/cm2, whereas the other plant species harbored much lower populations (105 to 103CFU/cm2). Infectivity titration endpoints were similar in pepper and lettuce (103 to 104CFU/ml). For other plant species tested, infectivity titration endpoints were 106 to 107 CFU/ml. Electrolyte leakage data and corresponding internal population data support the conclusion that fresh-market tomato is not a host of X. campestris pv. vitians but, instead, interacts in an incompatible response. Electrolyte leakage from cells of tomato plants inoculated with X. campestris pv. vitians or a pepper strain of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria peaked at 48 h, suggesting that tomato is not a host for the BLS pathogen. Both electrolyte leakage and population dynamics results point to pepper as a potential host of X. campestris pv. vitians.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and management of bacterial leaf spot on watermelon caused byPseudomonas syringae

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Newberry ◽  
L. Ritchie ◽  
B. Babu ◽  
T. Sanchez ◽  
K. A. Beckham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Cool Conditions

Bacterial leaf spot of watermelon caused by Pseudomonas syringae has been an emerging disease in the southeastern United States in recent years. Disease outbreaks in Florida were widespread from 2013 to 2014 and resulted in foliar blighting at the early stages of the crop and transplant losses. We conducted a series of field trials at two locations over the course of two years to examine the chemical control options that may be effective in management of this disease, and to investigate the environmental conditions conducive for bacterial leaf spot development. Weekly applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) foliar, ASM drip, or copper hydroxide mixed with ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate were effective in reducing the standardized area under the disease progress curve (P < 0.05). Pearson’s correlation test demonstrated a negative relationship between the average weekly temperature and disease severity (–0.77, P = 0.0002). When incorporated into a multiple regression model with the square root transformed average weekly rainfall, these two variables accounted for 71% of the variability observed in the weekly disease severity (P < 0.0001). This information should be considered when choosing the planting date for watermelon seedlings as the cool conditions often encountered early in the spring season are conducive for bacterial leaf spot development.

scholarly journals Bacterial Leaf Spot of Celery in California: Etiology, Epidemiology, and Role of Contaminated Seed

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Little ◽  
S. T. Koike ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Celery Seed ◽  
Salinas Valley

Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii, causal agent of bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of celery, was first identified in California in 1989. By 1991, BLS was apparent in all celery-growing areas of the state. Greenhouse-produced transplants were affected most severely, and disease incidence approached 100% in some greenhouses. In this study, sources of inoculum and factors contributing to disease development were investigated in three Salinas Valley greenhouse operations during the 1991, 1992, and 1993 celery transplant seasons (January to August). Epiphytic P. syringae pv. apii was not detected on celery transplants until April or May of each year. Increased epiphytic populations preceded BLS outbreaks, and high-pressure, overhead irrigation favored bacterial infiltration and disease development. In seed-wash assays, P. syringae pv. apii was recovered from 5 of 24 commercial celery seed lots. In field tests, epiphytic P. syringae pv. apii was found on umbels of inoculated celery plants, and seeds from these plants were heavily contaminated with P. syringae pv. apii. Contaminated seed produced seedlings with large epiphytic P. syringae pv. apii populations. Hot-water treatment (50°C for 25 min) eliminated >99.9% of seed contamination. Based on these results, disease management techniques are proposed.

scholarly journals First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot on Sugar Beet in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stojšin ◽  
J. Balaž ◽  
D. Budakov ◽  
Slaviša Stanković ◽  
I. Nikolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gyrb Gene ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot

A severe bacterial leaf spot was observed during June and July 2013 on commercial cultivars of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) in the Vojvodina Province of Serbia. Serbia is a major sugar beet production area in southeastern Europe, with 62,895 ha and 3 million tons of sugar beet yield in 2013. A foliar leaf spot observed in 25 commercial sugar beet fields surveyed ranged from 0.1 to 40% severity. Symptoms were characterized as circular or irregular, 5- to 20-mm diameter, white to light brown necrotic spots, each with a dark margin. Diseased leaves were rinsed in sterilized, distilled water (SDW) and dried at room temperature, and leaf sections taken from the margin of necrotic tissue were macerated in SDW. Isolations from 48 symptomatic leaves onto nutrient agar with 5% (w/v) sucrose (NAS) produced bacterial colonies that were whitish, circular, dome-shaped, and Levan-positive. Representative isolates (n = 105) were Gram negative; aerobic; positive for catalase, fluorescence on King's medium B, and tobacco hypersensitivity; and negative for oxidase, potato rot, and arginine dehydrolase. These reactions corresponded to LOPAT group Ia, which includes Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (2). Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (rep)-PCR was used for genetic fingerprinting the isolates using the REP, ERIC, and BOX primers. Twenty-five different profiles were obtained among the strains. From each profile group, one representative strain was sequenced for the gyrB gene (1). Four heterogenic groups were observed, and representative gyrB gene sequences of each group were deposited in the NCBI GenBank (Accession Nos. KJ950024 to KJ950027). The sequences were compared with those of pathotype strain P. syringae pv. aptata CFBP 1617 deposited in the PAMDB database; one strain was 100% homologous, and the other three were 99% homologous. To fulfill identification of the Serbian sugar beet isolates, gltA and rpoD partial gene sequences were determined (1), and the sequences were deposited as Accession Nos. KM386838 to KM386841 for gltA and KM386830 to KM38683033 for rpoD. The sequences were 100% homologous with those of pathotype strain CFBP 1617. Pathogenicity of each of four representative bacterial strains was tested on 3-week-old plants of the sugar beet cultivars Marinela, Serenada, and Jasmina (KWS, Belgrade, Serbia) and Lara (NS Seme, Novi Sad, Serbia) by atomizing a bacterial suspension of ~106 CFU/ml of the appropriate isolate onto the abaxial leaf surface of three plants per cultivar until water-soaking of the leaf surface was observed. Three plants of each cultivar atomized similarly with P. syringae pv. aptata CFBP 2473 and SDW served as positive and negative control treatments, respectively. Inoculated plants were kept in a clear plastic box at 80 to 100% RH and 17 ± 1°C and examined for symptom development over 3 weeks. For all test isolates and the control strain, inoculated leaves first developed water-soaked lesions 7 days after inoculation (DAI). By 10 to 14 DAI, lesions were necrotic and infection had spread to the petioles. By 21 DAI, wilting was observed on more than 50% of inoculated plants. Negative control plants were symptomless. Bacteria re-isolated onto NAS from inoculated leaves had the same colony morphology, LOPAT results, and gyrB partial gene sequences as described for the test strains. No bacteria were re-isolated from negative control plants. Based on these tests, the pathogen causing leaf spot on sugar beet in Serbia was identified as P. syringae pv. aptata. References: (1) P. Ferrente and M. Scortichini. Plant Pathol. 59:954, 2010. (2) R. A. Lelliott et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966.

Characterization and pathogenicity of Bipolaris peregianensis: the causal organism for leaf spot of hybrid bermudagrass in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
Wu Zhang ◽  
Jinxiang Liu ◽  
Pinghui Huo ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Zhibiao Nan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Causal Organism
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