scholarly journals The Positive Effects of Parentification

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben C.W. van der Mijl ◽  
Ad J.J.M. Vingerhoets
Keyword(s):  
Psychology Students ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
Education Psychology ◽  
Humanities Students ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was designed to examine the relationship between parentification and choice of education: Psychology versus humanities. Additionally, we investigated the association between parentification, on the one hand, and cognitive and affective empathy as well as resilience, on the other. The rational for this study was the increasing evidence that parentification may not only induce several possible adverse effects but that it can also facilitate the development of some specific positive abilities (e.g., higher empathic skills and resilience). We compared 265 psychology students with 51 humanities students on the variables parentification, empathy, and resilience. Within the group of psychology students, we conducted hierarchical regression analyses on cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and resilience with parentification and possible confounders as predictors. Psychology students reported more parentification experiences in their families than the humanities students, but they did not score higher on empathy and resilience. Among psychology students, parentification was associated with higher resilience and higher cognitive empathy, while there was no connection with affective empathy. These findings partially support the hypothesis of specific mental growth in parentified children.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

International Market Orientation and International Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Escandón-Barbosa ◽  
Miguel Hernandez-Espallardo ◽  
Augusto Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
International Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sales

The literature in the field of internationalization has managed to link other areas of knowledge such as marketing to give an explanation to the establishment of strategies to survive in international markets. In this sense, the concept of international market orientation emerges that manages to explain how businesses design a strategy to improve the satisfaction of customer needs in international contexts. The purpose of this article is finding the factors that influence the relationship between the international market orientation and international results. In turn, the directors of export SME´s should be aware that entering international markets prematurely and achieving a significant percentage by volume of international sales does not necessarily guarantee better international performance. They should search for other types of resources or capabilities that permit better possibilities of obtaining competitive advantage in the long-term, such as the adoption of an international market orientation, which makes it possible to evaluate and analyze the internal and external factors present in a company’s internal dynamics. To achieve this objective is taken as the unit of analysis Colombian exporters companies through a sample of 319 surveys and that are processed in a hierarchical regression analysis. The main findings confirm that adopt a strategy of international orientation relative to other strategies such as innovative and entrepreneurial orientation does have positive effects on the internationalization of companies. However, this strategy has a tendency to saturation and therefore can generate negative effects on the international results.

Empathic Differences in Men Who Witnessed Animal Abuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Beth Daly ◽  
L.L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Animal Abuse ◽  
Emotional Empathy ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study draws on diverse research results from investigating the relationship between experiences with nonhuman animal abuse and empathy. We examined whether 108 men with a history of animal abuse showed differences between cognitive (perspective-taking) and affective (emotional) empathy. The effects related to three levels (never, once, multiple times) of witnessing the killing of animals and witnessing the torture of animals. Individuals who witnessed abuse were higher in cognitive empathy than affective empathy. This supports previous findings for a “dissociation hypothesis,” which suggests exposure to animal abuse may mediate between emotional and cognitive empathy. Therefore, it may be beneficial for an individual to have the ability to detach cognitive from emotional empathy—particularly those in careers related to animal welfare and veterinary care. An absence of emotional empathy may also lead to a callous or dismissive attitude to people in need. We sought an appropriate balance of the two.

scholarly journals Cognitive and affective empathy relate differentially to emotion regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M Thompson ◽  
Carien M. van Reekum ◽  
Bhismadev Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Component Processes ◽  
The Relationship

The constructs of empathy (i.e. understanding/sharing another’s emotion) and emotion regulation (i.e. the processes by which one manages emotions) have largely been studied in relative isolation of one another. To better understand the interrelationships between their various component processes, this manuscript reports two studies that examined the relationship between empathy and emotion regulation using a combination of self-report and task measures. In study 1 (N=137), trait cognitive and affective empathy were found to share divergent relationships with self-reported emotion dysregulation. Emotion dysregulation was negatively related to cognitive empathy but showed no relationship with affective empathy. In the second study (N=92), the magnitude of emotion interference effects (i.e. the extent to which inhibitory control was impacted by emotional relative to neutral stimuli) in variants of a Go/NoGo and Stroop task were used as proxy measures of implicit emotion regulation abilities. Trait cognitive and affective empathy were found to share different relationships with both task metrics. Higher affective empathy was associated with increased emotional interference in the Emotional Go/NoGo; no such relationship was observed for trait cognitive empathy. In the Emotional Stroop, higher cognitive empathy was associated with reduced emotional interference, but no such relationship was observed for affective empathy. Together, these studies demonstrate that greater cognitive empathy was broadly associated with improved emotion regulation abilities, while greater affective empathy was typically associated with increased difficulties with emotion regulation. This finding points to the need for assessing the different components of empathy in psychopathological conditions marked by difficulties in emotion regulation.

Can firm innovativeness affect performance? The role of external involvement

2020 ◽  
pp. 147078532091540
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jinpeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Customer Involvement ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Firm Innovativeness ◽  
Organizational Information ◽  
Supplier Involvement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This research attempts to complement ongoing discussions on the effects of firm innovativeness on performance and explain the role of external involvement in the relationship between firm innovativeness and performance in B2B settings. More importantly, we investigate the effect of supplier involvement, customer involvement, and the interaction of both in the process of innovativeness, and explain how customer involvement and supplier involvement take effects in B2B settings. Using the perspective of organizational information processing theory, we apply the hierarchical regression to examine the moderation effects of external involvement on the relationship between firm innovativeness and performance. Findings show that in B2B settings customer involvement strengthens the positive effects of firm innovativeness on performance, whereas supplier involvement weakens the positive effects of firm innovativeness on performance. We also find that the interaction of customer involvement and supplier involvement weakens the positive effects of firm innovativeness on performance in B2B settings. These conclusions contribute to the knowledge of external involvement and firm innovativeness in B2B settings, and provide theoretical contributions and managerial insights for both academics and practitioners.

scholarly journals Do Locus of Control, Self-esteem, Hope and Shame Mediate the Relationship Between Financial Hardship and Mental Health?

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Frankham ◽  
Thomas Richardson ◽  
Nick Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In a longitudinal study of 104 participants, the psychological factors of economic locus of control, self-esteem, hope and shame were explored for their impact on the relationship between financial hardship and mental health. Participants completed measures of financial hardship, the psychological factors and measures of mental health three times at three-monthly intervals. A hierarchical regression analyses indicated that subjective financial hardship, hope and shame significantly predicted mental health outcomes. Mediation analyses demonstrated that hope mediated the relationship between subjective financial hardship and depression, stress and wellbeing; that shame mediated the relationship between subjective financial hardship and anxiety; and that neither shame nor hope mediated the relationship between subjective financial hardship and suicide ideation.

The Differing Roles of Cognitive Empathy and Affective Empathy in the Relationship Between Trait Anger and Aggressive Behavior: A Chinese College Students Survey

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051987922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Ya-ting Yang ◽  
Chun-li Liu ◽  
Jia-wen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
The Relationship

Empathy is essential for effective social interaction. People often express the belief that empathy is closely related to aggressive behavior, but empirical data has challenged this assumption. However, there is a lack of research that focuses on the role of empathy in the relationship between trait anger and aggressive behavior. The current research focuses on the roles that different components of empathy have performed in the combinations of trait anger-hostile cognition-aggressive behavior link and attempt to identify, with reference to Integrated Model of Emotion Processes and Cognition in Social Information Processing, at which step this may occur. Participants included 663 undergraduate students who completed self-report measures of Trait Anger Scale, Aggressive Behavior Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. Results from correlation analysis show that there is no significant correlation between cognitive empathy and aggressive behavior ( r = −.06) but do however suggest a significant correlation between affective empathy and aggressive behavior ( r = −.19). Results from structural equation modeling reveal that different components of empathy perform different roles in relation to aggressive behavior. The moderated mediating model analysis results show that cognitive empathy played a moderating role in both the direct effect and the first stage of the mediating model of trait anger-hostile cognition-aggression behavior. The results of multiple mediation model analysis demonstrate that affective empathy only played a partial mediating role between hostile cognition and aggressive behavior. This study contributes to understanding of Social Information Processing Models (SIPMs) and provides insight into the relationship between empathy and aggressive behavior.

scholarly journals preprint_A Comprehensive Examination of Narcissists’ Self-Perceived and Actual Socioemotional Cognition Ability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Mota ◽  
Marius Leckelt ◽  
Katharina Geukes ◽  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Sarah Humberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Total N ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
The One

Narcissists are assumed to lack the motivation and ability to share and understand the mental states of others. Prior empirical research, however, has yielded inconclusive findings and has differed with respect to the specific aspects of narcissism and socioemotional cognition that have been examined. Here, we propose a differentiated facet approach that can be applied across research traditions and that distinguishes between facets of narcissism (agentic vs. antagonistic) on the one hand, and facets of socioemotional cognition ability (SECA; self-perceived vs. actual) on the other. Using five nonclinical samples in two studies (total N = 602), we investigated the effect of facets of grandiose narcissism on aspects of socioemotional cognition across measures of affective and cognitive empathy, Theory of Mind, and emotional intelligence, while also controlling for general reasoning ability. Across both studies, agentic facets of narcissism were found to be positively related to perceived SECA, whereas antagonistic facets of narcissism were found to be negatively related to perceived SECA. However, both narcissism facets were negatively related to actual SECA. Exploratory condition-based regression analyses further showed that agentic narcissists had a higher directed discrepancy between perceived and actual SECA: They self-enhanced their socio-emotional capacities. Implications of these results for the multifaceted theoretical understanding of the narcissism-SECA link are discussed.

scholarly journals Motivational versus Volitional Mediation of Passivity in Institutionalized Older People

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Mateos ◽  
Juan J.G. Meilán ◽  
José M. Arana
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficacy Expectancies ◽  
Institutionalized Older People

The relationship between perceived loss of control and passivity in social activities in a non-handicapped institutionalized elderly population was assessed. Perceived loss of control was assessed from three different types of expectancies: low action-outcome expectancies, high situation-outcome expectancies, and low efficacy expectancies. Passivity scores were reported by the staff. The effect of these three types of expectancies on passivity was analyzed in terms of motivation and volition, which were treated as mediating variables. Overall analysis of the structural equations, as well as partial hierarchical regression analyses, showed that efficacy expectancies were good predictors of passivity, but this was not the case for the action-outcome and situation-outcome expectancies. These results lend more support to a volitional rather than to a motivational interpretation of the effect of control on passivity. The implications of these results for intervention and for a differentiated conception of expectancies are discussed.

The Role of Normative Beliefs About Aggression in the Relationship Between Empathy and Cyberbullying

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1138-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca P. Ang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Suzanne L. Seah
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

The present study examined the relationship between empathy (affective and cognitive) and cyberbullying in a sample of 396 (male = 173, female = 219, and four did not report information on gender) school-going adolescents from Singapore (age ranging from 12 to 18 years). Both types of empathy were negatively associated with cyberbullying as expected, with affective empathy having a stronger association with cyberbullying. We also investigated the mediating and moderating role of normative beliefs about aggression in two pathways—the relationship between affective empathy and cyberbullying and the relationship between cognitive empathy and cyberbullying. Findings suggested that normative beliefs about aggression was a partial mediator and moderator in the affective empathy-beliefs-cyberbullying pathway but normative beliefs about aggression was neither a mediator nor moderator in the cognitive empathy-beliefs-cyberbullying pathway. Normative beliefs about aggression served as the mechanism partially accounting for the relationship between affective empathy and cyberbullying. Furthermore, the relation between affective empathy and cyberbullying was found to be stronger for those with higher levels of normative beliefs of aggression. Collectively, together with other studies, this research contributes to an increasing number of studies demonstrating a stronger association between low empathy (in particular, low affective empathy) and bullying, whether traditional bullying or cyberbullying in adolescents.

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