scholarly journals Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic Analysis of the Amounts of Moisture, Protein, Starch, Amylose, and Tannin in Buckwheat Flours.

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hwan HONG ◽  
Kiyokazu IKEDA ◽  
Ivan KREFT ◽  
Kyoden YASUMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis

scholarly journals Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic Analysis of Ratio of True Seed Weight in Sugar Beet Seed

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Kazunori Taguchi ◽  
Yuji Mukasa ◽  
Hideyuki Abe ◽  
Masakatsu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
True Seed

Nondestructive NIR and NIT Determination of Protein, Fat, and Water in Plastic-Wrapped, Homogenized Meat

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Isaksson ◽  
Charles E. Miller ◽  
Tormod Næs
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Water Contents

In this work, the abilities of near-infrared diffuse reflectance (NIR) and transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy to noninvasively determine the protein, fat, and water contents of plastic-wrapped homogenized meat are evaluated. One hundred homogenized beef samples, ranging from 1 to 23% fat, wrapped in polyamide/polyethylene laminates, were used. Results of multivariate calibration and prediction for protein, fat, and water contents are presented. The optimal test set prediction errors (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP), obtained with the use of the principal component regression method with NIR data, were 0.45, 0.29 and 0.50 weight % for protein, fat, and water, respectively, for plastic-wrapped meat (compared to 0.40, 0.28 and 0.45 wt % for unwrapped meat). The optimal prediction errors for the NIT method were 0.31, 0.52 and 0.42 wt % for protein, fat, and water, respectively, for plastic-wrapped meat samples (compared to 0.27, 0.38, and 0.37 wt % for unwrapped meat). We can conclude that the addition of the laminate only slightly reduced the abilities of the NIR and NIT method to predict protein, fat, and water contents in homogenized meat.

Quantifying contact force artefact in near infrared spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photon Propagation ◽  
Superficial Tissues

Transcutaneous near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of muscle requires coupling between the device and the skin. An unfortunate by-product of this coupling is contact force artefact, where the amount of contact force between the device and the skin affects measurements. Contact force artefact is well known, but largely ignored in most NIRS research. We performed preliminary investigations of contact force artefact to quantify tissue behaviour to inform future NIRS designs. Specifically, we conducted three studies on contact force artefact: (i) an experimental investigation of static load at varied levels of contact force and muscle activation, (ii) an experimental investigation of oscillating load at varied levels of contact force and frequency, and (iii) a Monte Carlo simulation of photon propagation through skin, adipose tissue, and muscle. Our results confirmed that contact force artefact is a confounding factor in NIRS muscle measurements because contact force affects measured hemoglobin concentrations in a manner consistent with muscle contractions. Further, the effects of contact force are not altered by muscle contraction and a likely candidate for the mechanism responsible for contact force artefact is the viscoelastic compression of superficial tissues (skin and adipose) during loading. Simulation data suggests that adipose tissue plays a key role in diffuse reflectance of photons, so any compression of the superficial tissues will affect the reflected signal. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms behind contact force artefact, which will, in turn, inform future NIRS device designs.

scholarly journals Spectroscopy in heterogenous media and applications for bioprocess and environmental monitoring

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schael ◽  
Oliver Reich ◽  
Sonja Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Photon Migration ◽  
Heterogenous Media ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Diffuse reflectance measurements and photon migration studies with near infrared (NIR) diode lasers were employed to elucidate experimental methods for determining absorption and scattering coefficients and species concentrations in heterogenous media. Measurements were performed at a number of wavelengths utilizing several laser sources some of which were widely tunable. In order to establish the applicability of simple photon migration models derived from radiation transport theory and to check the experimental boundary conditions of our measurements, simple light scattering solutions (such as suspensions of titanium dioxide, latex particles, and solutions of milk powder) containing dyes (such as nile blue, isosulfan blue) were investigated. The results obtained from diffuse-reflectance studies at different sourcedetector distances were in accordance with predictions from simple photon diffusion theory. Applications of reflectance measurements for monitoring of cell growth during fermentation processes and forin-situinvestigations of soils are presented.

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