How Federations Responded to Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Federal Form

Countries with a federal form of government responded in distinctive ways to the health and economic crises caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Constitutional INSIGHTS No.7 explores what can be learned from this experience about the purposes, design and operation of federations, including for the division and allocation of powers and fiscal resources; collaboration and cooperation between levels of government; and the challenges of democratic accountability. It builds on an earlier brief on Implementing Federalism (Constitutional INSIGHTS No.2) that examines some of these issues in a non-Covid context.

Education and National Integration in Nigeria

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Peshkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Federal Form

The new nations of the world hold many expectations for their education systems. They expect that schools will produce the labour force for their manpower requirements, the leadership for their bureaucracies, and the citizenry for an enlightened social order. In pluralistic countries, governments expect also that schools will assist in integrating sub-populations fragmented by religious, linguistic, or ethnic differences. This article will examine the theme, ‘education and national integration’, in Nigeria, whose federal form of government was erected in recognition of profound cultural disparities.

Federalism and Policy Implementation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wiltshire
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Client Perspective ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Federal Form

Implementing public policies in federations involves clashes of concept and practice. In its design, federalism is not particularly conducive to the formulation and implementation of public policy because the acclaimed strengths of a federal form of government, including diversity, fragmentation of power and sovereignty, and responsiveness to regional and cultural interests, all serve to make the introduction of national policies complex and challenging. This is especially the case regarding the implementation phase of policies which tends to be a most difficult task given the layers and negotiating steps through which policies must pass before being delivered to clients. Success in implementing public policies in federations requires a mixture of strategies that can range from coercion to collaboration and cooperation. Achieving performance with accountability throughout this process has proven difficult in most federations. Moreover most of the literature has avoided the client perspective, in particular whether citizens really care about the vagaries of federal arrangements as they simply want to see the programs that affect their daily lives delivered efficiently, effectively, and accountably.

Dominion Disallowance of Provincial Legislation in Canada

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Harlow J. Heneman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Government ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Executive Officers ◽  
Federal Form

Although there is a federal form of government in both the Dominion of Canada and the United States, there are striking differences in the two types of federalism. Some of these differences are to be found in fundamentals, such as the basis upon which the powers of government are divided in the two countries. Less striking, but nevertheless significant, are still other points of variance. Among these is the power which the dominion government has to disallow legislative acts of the provinces. Just why the fathers of the Canadian federation thought this power should be given to the central government is not clear. The fact remains, however, that in the years from 1867 to 1935, at least 114 provincial acts and territorial ordinances were set aside. It is important to note that these acts were disallowed by executive officers of the dominion government. Executive officers of the national government in the United States do not possess similar powers where state legislation is concerned.

Federalism to Centralism in Mexico: The Conservative Case for Change, 1834-1835

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Costeloe
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
New System ◽  
Federal Form

In the summer of 1835 Mexico chose to abandon the federal form of government instituted a decade earlier in 1824 and to replace it with a centralized republic. The dismantling of federal laws and institutions and the enactment of those designed to replace them occupied the next eighteen months until on December 30, 1836 the process of change to the new system culminated in the publication of a new constitution, the so-called Constitutión de las Siete Leyes. This fundamental change in the political structure of the nation was not achieved without considerable dissent and the protracted transitional period permitted many groups who opposed the new order of things to air their views and in some cases, notably in Zacatecas and Texas, to attempt military resistance. The supporters of centralism found themselves, therefore, obliged to make and justify their case for change and to convince themselves as well as their opponents that their proposals represented the popular will. It is with this centralist case for change, or manifesto, that this article is primarily concerned.

Reformasi Pendidikan sebagai Tuntutan Sejarah

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Nawawi Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Right ◽  
National Education ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
New Vision

The system of national education considered necessary a reform. During the time national education only yielding depressed human being, is not critical and is not creative, thinking and acting only according to power structure. National education have to be returned to powered of society and to realize the new vision of society Indonesia which Madani. National education represent the demand foundament commended by constitution 1945. Therefore national education have to as according to constitution, realizing democratic society, esteem the human right and form of government smart Indonesian nation.

Delicate Years: Children and Identity in Zimbabwean Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Muganiwa
Keyword(s):  
Growing Up ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Child Characters ◽  
The People ◽  
Do So

The paper argues that children face challenges in growing up and fitting into their societies and that these challenges need to be addressed with care. These challenges, which are complicated by the effects of colonialism, war and economic crises in the context of Zimbabwe, are portrayed in the novels Nervous Conditions (Dangarembga 1989), The Book of Not (Dangarembga 2006), The Uncertainty of Hope (Tagwira 2006) and Running with Mother (Mlalazi 2012). In analysing the characters of the children portrayed in these four novels, the vulnerability of children, regardless of their age, is demonstrated. The child characters strive to help their parents and be useful citizens and yet at times this contrasts with their desire to be sheltered and treated as children. This contradiction is best exhibited in teenagers who try to fashion their own identity that is separate from the people around them but who still require guidance to do so.

Mechanisms for Overcoming Economic Crises and Developing Innovations

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Arzu Huseynova ◽  
◽  
Terane Salifova Terane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crises

ВОЕННОПЛЕННЫЕСТРАНЧЕТВЕРНОГОСОЮЗАНАТЕРРИТОРИИСТАВРОПОЛЬСКОЙГУБЕРНИИВУСЛОВИЯХПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГОКАТАКЛИЗМА(ФЕВРАЛЬНОЯБРЬ1917Г.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
I.V. Kryuchkov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Regions Of Russia

В представленном материале исследуется положение военнопленных стран Четверного союза на территории Ставропольской губернии. В статье отмечается незначительное ухудшение условий содержания пленных в г. Ставрополе и ряде сел губернии в начале 1917 г., что не отразилось на общей привлекательности губернии для пленных в сравнении с другими регионами России. Февральская революция 1917 г. способствовала либерализации правового статуса пленных. Однако нарастание в стране политического и экономического кризиса привело к ухудшению положения пленных, в том числе в Ставропольской губернии. С осени 1917 г. они всеми доступными средствами стремились покинуть губернию и выехать за пределы России.The position of prisoners of war of the Quadruple Alliance countries on the territory of Stavropol Province is considered in the article. A modest deterioration of the detention conditions of prisoners in Stavropol and certain villages of the province at the beginning of 1917 is marked in the material. The deterioration didnt affect the general attractiveness of the province to prisoners in comparison with other regions of Russia. The February Revolution of 1917 promoted the liberalization of the legal status of prisoners. However, the growth of the political and economic crises in the country led to the deterioration of prisoners position, including Stavropol Province. They had sought to leave the province and Russia by all available means since the autumn of 1917.

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