Presbyteroi w czasach Ojców Apostolskich

Vox Patrum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Przemysław Szewczyk

The ecclesiastical hierarchy, being a reality founded by Christ, is also subjected to his­torical evolution. The article discusses the history of pastoral service in the Church by ana­lyzing the meaning of the word presbyteros in the writingsof the Apostolic Fathers. It is obvious that the term which is derived from the Greek language indicates a person who exercises a pastoral ministry in the church community emphasizing his seniority, but not necessarily old age. Only for Papias „presbuteros” is a real old man who, because of his age, is a living witness to the time of the Apostles. The authority of the witness made him a guard­ian of the faith, that is to say „episcopos”, the bishop. The writings of Ignatius of Antioch and Clement of Rome suggest that in their community „the elders” should not be really old, they form a group which has a different role from that of the bishop. It seems that with the end time of the bishops/old-men in the Church two realities were formed: the episcopacy and the colleges of the presbyter. The establishment of relations and the division of powers between the „presbuteroi” and the man appointed bishop of his church community was therefore one of the most important questions of Christianity in the time of the Apostolic Fathers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Robert McBain

This article explores the silent nature of depression in the local church and suggests that developing Jesus-style friendships can break the silence. It adapts the author’s Doctor of Ministry (DMin) research project, which explored the silent nature of depression in the local church and Christianity’s interpretive healing qualities. This article argues that the church has a rich history of helping sufferers interpret their experiences of depression, but changing worldviews, the growth of the modern medical model, and the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals monopolized health and shoved the church to the periphery of the conversation. Silence became the church’s typical response, which promoted an attitude of stigma and avoidance. The article suggests that developing Jesus-style friendships can help break the silence because social or religious barriers do not restrict such friendships. This model of friendship is crucial for giving depression sufferers a sense of identity, meaning, and purpose within the church community.


2019 ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Николай Сергеевич Черепенин

Изучение жизненных обстоятельств священнослужителей первой половины XX в. является важной составляющей изучения истории Русской Православной Церкви. Оно позволяет детально проследить некоторые процессы и явления, происходившие в Церкви того периода, на конкретных примерах. Данная статья посвящена священнику Петру Ильинскому, около сорока лет прослужившему на сельском приходе. Его служение раскрывается в статье в хронологическом порядке: педагогическая и хозяйственная деятельность пастыря дополняется описанием его публицистических трудов и заканчивается описанием его семьи и исповеднического подвига. Данная работа служит свидетельством незаурядного пастырского служения священника Петра в переломный момент жизни нашего государства и в достаточной мере иллюстрирует историческую эпоху конца XIX - первой половины XX веков на конкретном примере. The study of the life circumstances of clergymen in the first half of the 20th century is an important part of the study of the history of the Russian Orthodox Church. It allows us to trace in detail some of the processes and phenomena that took place in the Church in that period, using concrete examples. This article is about the priest Peter Ilyinsky, who served forty years in a rural parish. His ministry is presented in chronological order: his teaching and economic activities are followed by a description of his publicist writings and ending with a description of his family and confessional deeds. This work is a testimony to the extraordinary pastoral ministry of the Priest Peter at a crucial point in the life of our nation, and illustrates the historical era of the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century with concrete examples.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Eric Sorenson

It was a universal conviction among the leaders of the ancient church that vocational ministry is attended by certain spiritual hazards that threaten to undo the very soul of the minister. This notion is revived in William Paley’s 1795 sermon, “Dangers Incidental to the Clerical Character.” The pastoral ministry, he warns, is comprised of “dangers inherent to the very nature of our profession.” In this ordination sermon, Paley not only identifies certain spiritual hazards, but he traces their roots to the unique context and responsibilities of daily ministry. A close reading of Paley’s sermon highlights its clear relevance to ministers in the twenty-first century, who, like all ministers throughout the history of the church, are constantly exposed to the spiritual dangers lurking in ministry itself. Such a close reading also reveals practical means by which today’s minister can be constantly vigilant to overcome these dangers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Pavlo Basystyi

In this article, the author tried to present the topic of the pastoral ministry concept’s development for people living without Holy Matrimony by the example of the previous Code of Canon Law of 1917 and New Code of Canon Law of 1983. Influence on changing the situation of those living in a civil marriage or divorced and remarried poste-synodal Apostolic Exhortations „Familiaris Consortio” of 1981 and „Amoris Laetitia” of 2016. According to the author, the opportunity to join the Sacraments of the Church, prescribed in the last post-synodal Apostolic Exhortation are primarily a consequence of the evolutionary process rather than revolutionary innovations, although there are many different points of view on this topic. That is why the exhortation „Amoris Laetitia” talks about accompanying, discerning and integrating weakness, but in confidentiality. The important things, according to the author, are letters from individual bishops or Episcopal Conferences that have supported the Holy Father and have already taken advantage of the prescribed opportunities helping their parishioners to return to the church community and become actively involved in its life.


2020 ◽  
pp. 35-56
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Adamiak

During his pilgrimages to his homeland, John Paul II was teaching his countrymen about the problems specifi c to the Church in Poland, but also to the whole Church. One of these themes was the missions ad gentes. The Pope noticed and pointed out on the example of the history of his nation that missions built Polish statehood and shaped Polish culture. He called for this process to be recognized in the history of Europe as a whole and to recognize in evangelization the factor that builds and defi nes its true identity. He showed that missions help imbue human culture with a supernatural element. He recalled the truth about the missionary nature of the Church and the missionary vocation of all its members. Responsibility and cooperation in the missionary work was for John Paul II one of the forms of the “imagination of mercy.”  Appealing to his countrymen for missionary generosity and commitment, he also pointed to the fi gures who were involved in the animation of the missionary work in the Polish and universal Church. In his teaching in Poland, he recalled the missionary task of the Church community and of each and every faithful.


2020 ◽  
pp. 144-159
Author(s):  
Алексей Дмитриевич Макаров

Статья посвящена проблеме рецепции Первого собрания сочинений известного аскетического писателя Церкви Востока Исаака, епископа Ниневийского, христианами других конфессий. Исследование разделено на три части, первая из которых представляет собой критический обзор этой проблемы в научной литературе. Автор исследования ставит целью подробно проанализировать проблему рецепции Первого собрания св. Исаака за пределами Церкви Востока и выявить малоизученные аспекты той трансформации, в результате которой подвижник Церкви Востока стал одним из наиболее авторитетных святых для Сиро-Халкидонской и Сиро-Яковитской Церквей. На основании проведённого исследования автор делает вывод о том, что в своем историческом развитии исследование вопроса о конфессиональной принадлежности св. Исаака прошло несколько этапов. Первый характеризуется безусловным доверием к интерполированному яковитскому житию. Переход ко второму этапу произошёл после нахождения и публикации в 1892 г. «Книги целомудрия» Ишоʿднаха, епископа Басрского, и безоговорочном принятии аутентичности сообщаемых им сведений о св. Исааке. После этого события в науке утвердился консенсус о принадлежности св. Исаака к Церкви Востока, который нашёл дополнительное подтверждение в текстологическом и богословском анализе Первого собрания. Вслед за этим встал вопрос о том, кто стоит за созданием альтернативной редакции, в которой большая часть элементов, указывающих на несторианское происхождение автора, была нивелирована. П. Беджан и большинство исследователей вслед за ним считали, что за искажением стояли сиро-яковиты. Позиция же И. Осэрра, утверждавшего, что это могли сделать только мелькиты, оставалась без внимания вплоть до 2016 г., когда Г. М. Кессель, независимо от Осэрра, убедительно доказал истинность данного утверждения. После этого дискуссия по вопросу адаптации аскетических сочинений св. Исаака перешла на этап прояснения различных деталей трансформации первого собрания св. Исаака при пересечении конфессиональных границ. Isaac, bishop of Nineveh, belongs to the Church of the East’s most famous ascetic authors. This three-part study explores the way how the First Part of his writings was adopted in other Syriac Christian communities. The first part offers a review of the scholarship of the issue. Makarov offers a detailed study of how Isaac’s First Part reached beyond his own church community. He identifies the issues that need exploration before one attempts to found out how the famous Nestorian ascetic became so greatly admired by both Byzantine and Syriac Jacobite Orthodox Churches, to which he had never belonged. Makarov concludes that historically there have been several positions regarding Isaac of Nineveh’s actual church adherence. The first one was based on a totally uncritical approach to the interpolated Jacobite Life of Isaac. The second position was inaugurated after Bishop Ishoʿdnah of Basrah’s Book of Chastity had been discovered. The new source, which was also treated rather uncritically, initiated the widespread consensus that Isaac of Nineveh belonged to the Church of the East. That view received additional support from more recent studies of the First Part. As a consequence, a question arose who created the alternative redaction, in which any evidence for Isaac’s Nestorian connections was either erased or altered. According to Paul Bejan and other scholars who shared that view, it was the Jacobites who had altered the text. Irénée Hausherr’s claim that the altering could have been done only by the Melkites received little notice until 2016 when Grigory Kessel, independently from Hausherr, proved it true. That however did not put the debate over the alterations in Isaac’s ascetic writings to an end. The scholars still disagree on how exactly the First Part was changed as the texts crossed borders of different Christian communities.


2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Kaye

ABSTRACTThe present situation of global Anglicanism sharply highlights issues of plurality which have been created in part by the nature of the tradition and also by the history of its expansion. Plurality and difference inevitably call for some account of this in relation to the tradition. Recent work has often focused on koinonia as a way of dealing with the relationships involved in the church community. But many of our problems arise from an absence of a capacity to require actions of others. A better way into this precisely institutional question is through Richard Hooker's discussion of power and order. Such a consideration leads to the need to develop more effective adjacent connections, and thus to a regionalizing of the communion.


Verbum Vitae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Kazimierz Polak

The activity of the Church results from its identity, and one constitutive element of this identity is the dimension of community. It is expressed, above all, by shaping the spirituality of communion in church communities. This spirituality has its foundations in the communion character of the presbyter's pastoral ministry and refers to the gospel commandment of love. It is shaped by Christian prayer centered on the Eucharist. The spirituality of communion built upon such foundations should permeate church community structures, which are made up, first and foremost, by parishes. On their own, parishes are not able to pass on the experience of church communion. Only by being infused with the spirituality of communion can they become spaces for experiencing the community dimension of the Church's life.


Archaeologia ◽  
1881 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-402
Author(s):  
William Chappell

While collecting materials for a new history of music I had occasion to examine many of the earliest Psalters and Books of Antiphons for the service of the English Church, and then noted three distinctive peculiarities, which seemed worthy of attention by the literary antiquary and by the historian. The first was, that parts of the service, such as the Gloria in excelsis and the Nicene Creed, had been sung occasionally in Greek, and that the Greek was written phonetically in English characters. The second, that the hymns and sequences differed from those which had been sung on the continent of Europe, and therefore few, if any, are included in the printed collections by Daniel, by Mone, or Morel; and, further, that many of them are remarkable for the intermixture of Greek and of Græco-Latin words. Not only did our ancestors substitute protus, deuterus, tritus, and tetardus for primus, secundus, tertius, and quartus, but also employed such addresses to the deity in their hymns and sequences as “Kyrie eleison, o theos agye” —“Pater, creator omnium, tu theos ymon”—“Pater ymas te exoramus;” half Greek and half Latin.


Romanticism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Mark Sandy

Attending to the hoped-for connection between young and older generations, this essay revisits Wordsworth's poetic fascination with the elderly and the question of what, if any, consolation for emotional and physical loss could be attained for growing old. Wordsworth's imaginative impulse is to idealise the elderly into transcendent figures, which offers the compensation of a harmonious vision to the younger generation for the losses of old age that, in all likelihood, they will themselves experience. The affirmation of such a unified and compensatory vision is dependent upon the reciprocity of sympathy that Wordsworth's poetry both sets into circulation and calls into question. Readings of ‘Simon Lee’, ‘I know an aged Man constrained to dwell’, and ‘The Old Cumberland Beggar’ point up the limitations of sympathy and vision (physical and poetic) avowed in these poems as symptomatic of Wordsworth's misgivings about the debilitating effects of growing old and old age. Finally, Wordsworth's unfolding tragedy of ‘Michael’ is interpreted as reinforcing a frequent pattern, observed elsewhere in his poetry, whereby idealised figures of old men transform into disturbingly spectral second selves of their younger counterparts or narrators. These troubling transformations reveal that at the heart of Wordsworth's poetic vision of old age as a harmonious, interconnected, and consoling state, there are disquieting fears of disunity, disconnection, disconsolation, and, lastly, death.


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