scholarly journals Christian Influence on the Roman Calendar. Comments in the Margins of C. Th. 9.35.4 = C. 3.12.5 (a. 380)1/ Wpływ chrześciaństwa na kalendarz rzymski. Uwagi na marginesie C. Th. 9.35.4 = C. 3.12.5 (a. 380)

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-233
Author(s):  
Jacek Wiewiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Human Universals ◽  
Genus Homo ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Christian Influence

The text analyses Christianisation of the Roman calendar in the light or the Roman imperial constitutions in the 4th century. The author first of all underlines that only humans recognise religious feasts despite that human perception of time is not that remote from the apperception of time in the case of other animals and that the belief in the supernatural/religion and rituals belong to human universals, the roots of which, together with the judiciary, are to be sought in the evolutionary past of the genus Homo. Furthermore, the author deduces that the first direct Christian influence on the Roman official calendar was probably C. Th. 9,35,4 = C. 3,12,5 (a. 380), prohibiting all investigation of criminal cases by means of torture during the forty days which anticipate the Paschal season, contesting the opinion that dies solis were regarded as dies dominicus (Christian Sunday) already in C. Th. 2,8,1 and C. 3,12,2 (a. 321). Finally, on the margin of the Polish debate concerning the limitation of legal trade during Sundays, when Constantinian roots of dies dominicus were quoted frequently and with great conviction, the limitations of politics of memory are underlined.

Bayesian Inference in Human Time Perception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Psychophysical Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Dimension ◽  
Perception Of Time

Time is a fundamental dimension of human perception, cognition and action, as the perception and cognition of temporal information is essential for everyday activities and survival. Innumerable studies have investigated the perception of time over the last 100 years, but the neural and computational bases for the processing of time remains unknown. First, we present a brief history of research and the methods used in time perception and then discuss the psychophysical approach to time, extant models of time perception, and advancing inconsistencies between each account that this review aims to bridge the gap between. Recent work has advocated a Bayesian approach to time perception. This framework has been applied to both duration and perceived timing, where prior expectations about when a stimulus might occur in the future (prior distribution) are combined with current sensory evidence (likelihood function) in order to generate the perception of temporal properties (posterior distribution). In general, these models predict that the brain uses temporal expectations to bias perception in a way that stimuli are ‘regularized’ i.e. stimuli look more like what has been seen before. Evidence for this framework has been found using human psychophysical testing (experimental methods to quantify behaviour in the perceptual system). Finally, an outlook for how these models can advance future research in temporal perception is discussed.

scholarly journals Ageing and the Technological Imaginary: Living and Dying in the Age of Perpetual Innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Church ◽  
Technological Imaginary

Technology tends toward perpetual innovation. Technology, enabled by both political and economic structures, propels society forward in a kind of technological evolution. The moment a novel piece of technology is in place, immediately innovations are attempted in a process of unending betterment. Bernard Stiegler suggests that, contra Heidegger, it is not being-toward-death that shapes human perception of time, life, death, and meaning. Rather, it is technological innovation that shapes human perception of time, life, death, and meaning. In fact, for Stiegler, human evolution has always been part of technological evolution. While one can quibble with the notion of human-technology co-evolution, there is something to be said for the way in which human perception of time, of ageing, and of death seems to be judged against the horizon of perpetual evolution of technological innovation. In this technological imaginary, of which modern medicine is constituent, ageing and death seemingly may be infinitely deferred, and it is this innovating deferral that shapes the contemporary social imaginary around ageing and death in modern medicine. Yet, the reality of living (which is to say ageing) and dying always manifests itself differently than the scripts given to us by the technological imaginary with its myth of endless innovation. In fact, I shall argue that, where the Church created an ars moriendi, the technological imaginary gives us an ars ad mortem when it becomes clear that ageing and death cannot be infinitely deferred. And further, I shall argue that the Church must revivify its ars vivendi—that is to say, its liturgies, its arts, its technics—as a counter narrative to the myth of perpetual innovation that shapes the technological imaginary.

scholarly journals On the Distinction Between Perceived Duration and Event Timing: Towards a Unified Model of Time Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Event Timing ◽  
Fundamental Dimension ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Perceived Duration

Time is a fundamental dimension of human perception, cognition and action, as the processing and cognition of temporal information is essential for everyday activities and survival. Innumerable studies have investigated the perception of time over the last 100 years, but the neural and computational bases for the processing of time remains unknown. Extant models of time perception are discussed before the proposition of a unified model of time perception that relates perceived event timing with perceived duration. The distinction between perceived event timing and perceived duration provides the current for navigating a river of contemporary approaches to time perception. Recent work has advocated a Bayesian approach to time perception. This framework has been applied to both duration and perceived timing, where prior expectations about when a stimulus might occur in the future (prior distribution) are combined with current sensory evidence (likelihood function) in order to generate the perception of temporal properties (posterior distribution). In general, these models predict that the brain uses temporal expectations to bias perception in a way that stimuli are ‘regularized’ i.e. stimuli look more like what has been seen before. As such, the synthesis of perceived timing and duration models is of theoretical importance for the field of timing and time perception.

Designing “Faster” Progress Bars

2012 ◽  
pp. 280-293
Author(s):  
Chris Harrison ◽  
Zhiquan Yeo ◽  
Brian Amento ◽  
Scott E. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
User Interface Design ◽  
Actual Duration ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Graphical Design

Human perception of time is fluid, and can be manipulated in purposeful and productive ways. In this chapter, the authors describe and evaluate how progress bar pacing behaviors and graphical design can alter users’ perceptions of an operation’s duration. Although progress bars are relatively simple, they provide an ideal playground in which to experiment with perceptual effects in user interface design. As a baseline in the experiments, the authors use generic, solid-color progress bars with linear pacing behaviors, prevalent in many user interfaces. In a series of direct comparison tests, they are able to rank how different progress bar designs compare to one another. Using these results, it is possible to craft perceptually-optimized progress bars that appear faster, even though their actual duration remains unchanged. Throughout, the authors include design suggestions that can contribute to an overall more responsive, pleasant, and human-centric computing experience.

Zone of Inhibition: Relating to the Single Cell through Speculative Performance Practice

Public ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (59) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Louise Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Meaning ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Participatory Performance

This article presents extracts from a short film - a speculative vital materialist tale that reaches beyond a human perception of time, to document a conversation between a past-present-future sentient community-being of cells and their kin, present day humans who are always already symbiotically and parasitically involved in their generation. The conversation took place during a participatory performance workshop held at ASCUS Lab in Edinburgh, 2017, where participants genetically modified E. coli bacteria to hold a thought (DNA with no known biological meaning, only cultural meaning) within their bodies, and were then invited to enter into a speculative dialogue with their distant cellular kin.

Memory as a String of Pearls

KronoScope ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Hancock ◽  
Nushien Shahnami
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
String Of Pearls

AbstractWhich representational metaphor one chooses serves to exert a powerful influence upon how we conceive of and subsequently think about time. In the human perception of time, one of the most critical faculties is that of memory, since it appears that we remember the past and anticipate the future while simultaneously experiencing the present. We here present a ‘string of pearls’ metaphor which captures the features of episodic memories (both retrospective and prospective) as the pearls on the string. The underlying continuity of lived experience of existence is equated with the thread of the string itself upon which these respective episodic pearls are mounted. The advantages, nuances, and drawbacks of the use of this metaphor to the understanding of time perception are discussed.

scholarly journals The Apostasy Of George Rochberg

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Alan Gillmor
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Musical Time ◽  
George Rochberg ◽  
Perception Of Time

Abstract An exploration of George Rochberg’s much-publicized rejection of musical modernism—in particular serialism—in the early 1960s. The paper will explore Rochberg’s conception of musical time and space, duration in music and its relationship to the roles of memory, identity, intuition, and perception in the shaping of human experience. It will explain his notion of the “metaphysical gap between human consciousness and cosmos,” which he derived in part from Wittgenstein’s proposition that ethical and aesthetic judgments lie outside the property of language. In Rochberg’s view, serialism fails to provide an organic three-dimensional model of duration as experienced through the human perception of time: past (memory) and future (anticipation) become conflated into a continuous present, and the crucial balance between information and redundancy has malfunctioned.

scholarly journals MEANS OF REPRESENTING TEMPORALITY RELATIONS IN JOURNALISTIC WRITING (BASED ON LOCAL INTERNET NEWS SITE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
ANASTASIA S. KORSHUNOVA ◽  
◽  
NINA V. LAGUTA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Internet News ◽  
The World ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
The Russian Language

Features of human perception of time are reflected in the language and participate in forming a coherent picture of the world of particular language speakers. The category of time in the Russian language can be represented by various language means. This work presents a description of grammatical and lexical means expressing temporality in journalistic writing. During the study, tense-aspect forms of verbs and participles were identified as the major grammatical means to express temporality. The main lexical means included nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs with the semantics of time. As a result, we were able to conclude that grammatical means are the central means of expressing the category of time. However, they are not always able to objectively represent the category of time due to the fact that the meaning of a verb form in Russian largely depends on the context. Therefore, lexical means are the peripheral part of the functional-semantic field of time that specify its central part - the grammatical category of time.

Spatiotemporality in the Anthropocene: Deleuzoguattarian Philosophy, Quantum Physics, and the German Netflix Series Dark

KronoScope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Hedwig Fraunhofer
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Medical Crisis ◽  
Personal Threat ◽  
Perception Of Time

Abstract Crises alter our perception of time. For medical personnel faced with treating unprecedented numbers of critically ill patients under conditions of personal threat, COVID-19 has most recently accelerated the subjective perception of time. For millions of others, social isolation has decelerated our lives. For all of us, at least in the short term, the future has become more uncertain. Theoretical physicists tell us, however, that under any conditions, the human perception of the flowing of time is only a result of our blurred, limited, macroscopic vision. As the quantum physicist Carlo Rovelli writes, therefore, “[t]o understand ourselves is to reflect on time” (2018: 179). Potentially caused by humans’ failed interactions with wild animals, the contemporary global pandemic, as well as previous outbreaks such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus) or the bird flu, has led to calls to reevaluate humans’ relationships with nonhuman life, with the natural environment that includes us, in the epoch that may soon be named for our very failure – the Anthropocene. In an era in which our usual, day-to-day certainties and desire for human control have been upended, not only by the current medical crisis but also by the continuing existential threat to terrestrial life that is climate change, a rethinking of the category of the human, a new conceptualization of the entangled (human and nonhuman) material relationships on our planet and beyond, requires reflecting on time. This article engages in such reflection through a conversation with the philosophical writings of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari.

Helping Students Conceptualize Species Divergence Events Using the Online Tool “TimeTree: The Timescale of Life”

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey J. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Species Divergence ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Big Ideas ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Divergence Estimate ◽  
The Way

Misinformation, preconceptions, and the human perception of time (e.g., in seconds, minutes, days, and years) are factors that can contribute to difficulties experienced by students trying to understand evolutionary phenomena on the scale of geological or “deep” time. In addition to other approaches, the use of a simple online species-divergence estimate calculator, “TimeTree: The Timescale of Life,” can add resolution and clarity to big ideas that sometimes stand in the way of students' understanding of the unifying theory in biology, evolution.

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