scholarly journals Ratio of T1-Weighted to T2-Weighted Signal Intensity as a Measure of Tissue Integrity: Comparison with Magnetization Transfer Ratio in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pareto ◽  
A. Garcia-Vidal ◽  
M. Alberich ◽  
C. Auger ◽  
X. Montalban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Tissue Integrity

Cervical cord magnetization transfer ratio and clinical changes over 18 months in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Charil ◽  
D Caputo ◽  
R Cavarretta ◽  
M P Sormani ◽  
P Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Background Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) permits the quantitative estimation of cervical cord tissue damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To determine whether a single time-point MTR scan of the cervical cord is associated with short-term disease evolution in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. Methods Using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with a tailored cervical cord phased array coil, fast short-tau inversion recovery (fast-STIR) and MTR scans were obtained from 14 untreated patients with RRMS at baseline. Cervical cord MTR histograms were derived. Over the 18- month follow-up period, relapse rate was measured and disability assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Results Average cervical cord MTR was correlated with relapse rate ( r= -0.56, P = 0.037). A moderate correlation ( r values ranging from -0.33 to -0.36) between baseline cervical cord MTR metrics and EDSS changes over 18 months was also noted, albeit statistical significance was not reached ( P = 0.26 and 0.21, respectively) perhaps because of the relatively small sample size. Conclusions This study suggests that a ‘snapshot’ MT MRI assessment of the cervical cord may detect cervical cord tissue changes associated with short-term disease evolution in RRMS.

Occurrence and microstructural features of slowly expanding lesions on fingolimod or natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852096910
Author(s):  
Paolo Preziosa ◽  
Elisabetta Pagani ◽  
Lucia Moiola ◽  
Mariaemma Rodegher ◽  
Massimo Filippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Natalizumab Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), up to 57% of white matter lesions are chronically active. These slowly expanding lesions (SELs) contribute to disability progression. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare fingolimod and natalizumab effects on progressive linearly enlarging lesions (i.e. SELs), a putative biomarker of smouldering inflammation. Methods: Relapsing-remitting MS patients starting fingolimod ( n = 24) or natalizumab ( n = 28) underwent 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline, months 6, 12 and 24. SELs were identified among baseline-visible lesions showing ⩾ 12.5% of annual increase, calculated by linearly fitting the Jacobian of the nonlinear deformation field between timepoints obtained combining T1- and T2-weighted scans. SEL burden, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and T1 signal intensity were compared using linear models. Results: The prevalences of fingolimod (75%) and natalizumab patients (46%) with ⩾ 1 SEL were not significantly different (adjusted- p = 0.08). Fingolimod group had higher SEL number and volume (adjusted- p ⩽ 0.047, not false discovery rate (FDR) survived). In both groups, SELs versus non-SELs showed lower MTR and T1 signal intensity (adjusted- p ⩽ 0.01, FDR-survived). Longitudinally, non-SEL MTR increased in both treatment groups (adjusted- p ⩽ 0.005, FDR-survived). T1 signal intensity decreased in SELs with both treatments (adjusted- p ⩽ 0.049, FDR-survived in fingolimod group) and increased in natalizumab non-SELs (adjusted- p = 0.03, FDR-survived). Conclusion: The effects of natalizumab and fingolimod on SEL occurrence seem modest, with natalizumab being slightly more effective. Both treatments may promote reparative mechanisms in stable or chronic inactive lesions.

Brain atrophy and magnetization transfer ratio following methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: short-term changes and long-term implications

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Fox ◽  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Jean Tkach ◽  
Jar-Chi Lee ◽  
Jeffrey A Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change ◽  
The Impact

Background: The short-term effect of corticosteroids on MRI measures of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well understood and may have a significant impact when using these quantitative measures to evaluate disease activity and changes following other therapeutic interventions. Objective: To determine the impact of a course of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) on quantitative measures of disease activity and tissue injury in MS patients. Methods: We prospectively measured brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR, lesional and whole brain), and lesion volumes on nine weekly brain MRI studies in ten MS patients receiving a course of IVMP. A group of nine MS patients not receiving IVMP served as controls. Results: In comparison to untreated controls, BPF declined over the eight weeks following IVMP treatment (P<0.02). BPF decline was most prominent in patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS, P<0.03), and was not seen in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients. Short-term change in BPF correlated with baseline BPF (r=0.62, P=0.05) and short-term change in lesional MTR (r=-0.55, P=0.03), but not with change in enhancing lesion volume. Short-term change in lesional MTR inversely correlated with baseline lesional and whole brain MTR (r=-0.79, P=0.04 for both). There was no significant difference between treated and control patients in measures of MTR or T2, T1 or enhancing lesion volumes. Conclusions: Patients with SPMS showed a greater decline in BPF following IVMP than RRMS patients. A correlation between changes in BPF and MTR suggest that these changes are secondary to altered water content within MS lesions. Differential response to a standardized therapeutic intervention in RRMS and SPMS suggests that responses to therapy may differ due to a fundamental pathologic difference between early and late stage MS.

Characterization of white matter damage in animal models of multiple sclerosis by magnetization transfer ratio and quantitative mapping of the apparent bound proton fraction f*

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rausch ◽  
PS Tofts ◽  
P Lervik ◽  
AR Walmsley ◽  
A Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Transverse Relaxation Time ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Mapping

Quantitative magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging (qMT-MRI) can be used to improve detection of white matter tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) and animal models thereof. To study the correlation between MT parameters and tissue damage, the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), the parameter f* (closely related to the bound proton fraction) and the bound proton transverse relaxation time T2B of lesions in a model of focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were measured on a 7T animal scanner and data were compared with histological markers indicative for demyelination, axonal density, and tissue damage. A clear spatial correspondence was observed between reduced values of MTR and demyelination in this animal model. We observed two different levels of MTR and f* reduction for these lesions. One was characterized by a pronounced demyelination and the other corresponded to a more severe loss of the cellular matrix. Changes in f* were generally more pronounced than those of MTR in areas of demyelination. Moreover, a reduction of f* was already observed for tissue where MTR was virtually normal. No changes in T2B were observed for the lesions. We conclude that MTR and qMT mapping are efficient and reliable readouts for studying demyelination in animal models of MS, and that the analysis of regional f* might be even superior to the analysis of MTR values. Therefore, quantitative mapping of f* from human brains might also improve the detection of white matter damage in MS.

Voxel-based analysis of grey matter magnetization transfer ratio maps in early relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Audoin ◽  
G. Davies ◽  
W. Rashid ◽  
L. Fisniku ◽  
A.J. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Histogram Analysis ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Previous studies using magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) histogram analysis have demonstrated the existence of global grey matter (GM) abnormalities in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, MTR histogram analysis does not provide any information on the localization of the morphological changes within the GM. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of GM injury in early RRMS, performing voxel-based analysis of GM MTR maps. Statistical mapping analysis of GM MTR maps was performed in a group of 38 patients with early RRMS and 45 healthy controls. Between-group comparisons (P<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) demonstrated significant GM MTR decrease in patients located in the bilateral lenticular nuclei, the bilateral insula, the left posterior cingulate cortex, and the right orbitofrontal cortex. To limit the potential confounding effect of regional GM atrophy, the percentages of GM were assessed in the regions showing significant MTR decrease, and no GM atrophy was evidenced in these regions. This study demonstrates that several GM regions are commonly affected in patients with early RRMS. Predominant involvement of these structures may be partly related to their vulnerability to anterograde or retrograde degeneration from transected axons in the white matter and/or to the predominant localization of GM demyelinating lesions in such regions. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 483-489. http://msj.sagepub.com

Surface-in pathology in multiple sclerosis: a new view on pathogenesis?

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
J William L Brown ◽  
Roberta Magliozzi ◽  
Richard Reynolds ◽  
Declan T Chard
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Meningeal Inflammation

Abstract While multiple sclerosis can affect any part of the CNS, it does not do so evenly. In white matter it has long been recognized that lesions tend to occur around the ventricles, and grey matter lesions mainly accrue in the outermost (subpial) cortex. In cortical grey matter, neuronal loss is greater in the outermost layers. This cortical gradient has been replicated in vivo with magnetization transfer ratio and similar gradients in grey and white matter magnetization transfer ratio are seen around the ventricles, with the most severe abnormalities abutting the ventricular surface. The cause of these gradients remains uncertain, though soluble factors released from meningeal inflammation into the CSF has the most supporting evidence. In this Update, we review this ‘surface-in’ spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis abnormalities and consider the implications for understanding pathogenic mechanisms and treatments designed to slow or stop them.

Magnetization transfer ratio evolution with demyelination and remyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline T. Chen ◽  
D. Louis Collins ◽  
Harold L. Atkins ◽  
Mark S. Freedman ◽  
Douglas L. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Transfer Ratio
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