scholarly journals Cerebral Reorganization after Hemispherectomy: A DTI Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meoded ◽  
A. V. Faria ◽  
A. L. Hartman ◽  
G. I. Jallo ◽  
S. Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Reorganization

scholarly journals Patterns of motor recovery and structural neuroplasticity after basal ganglia infarcts

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. e1174-e1187
Author(s):  
Hesheng Liu ◽  
Xiaolong Peng ◽  
Louisa Dahmani ◽  
Hongfeng Wang ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cerebral Reorganization

ObjectiveTo elucidate the timeframe and spatial patterns of cortical reorganization after different stroke-induced basal ganglia lesions, we measured cortical thickness at 5 time points over a 6-month period. We hypothesized that cortical reorganization would occur very early and that, along with motor recovery, it would vary based on the stroke lesion site.MethodsThirty-three patients with unilateral basal ganglia stroke and 23 healthy control participants underwent MRI scanning and behavioral testing. To further decrease heterogeneity, we split patients into 2 groups according to whether or not the lesions mainly affect the striatal motor network as defined by resting-state functional connectivity. A priori measures included cortical thickness and motor outcome, as assessed with the Fugl-Meyer scale.ResultsWithin 14 days poststroke, cortical thickness already increased in widespread brain areas (p = 0.001), mostly in the frontal and temporal cortices rather than in the motor cortex. Critically, the 2 groups differed in the severity of motor symptoms (p = 0.03) as well as in the cerebral reorganization they exhibited over a period of 6 months (Dice overlap index = 0.16). Specifically, the frontal and temporal regions demonstrating cortical thickening showed minimal overlap between these 2 groups, indicating different patterns of reorganization.ConclusionsOur findings underline the importance of assessing patients early and of considering individual differences, as patterns of cortical reorganization differ substantially depending on the precise location of damage and occur very soon after stroke. A better understanding of the macrostructural brain changes following stroke and their relationship with recovery may inform individualized treatment strategies.

Cerebral reorganization by adaptable robot hand

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yokoi ◽  
Ryu Katoh ◽  
Alejandro Arieta Hernandez ◽  
Tamaki Miyamoto ◽  
Katsunori Ikoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robot Hand ◽  
Cerebral Reorganization

Cerebral reorganization as a function of linguistic recovery in children: An fMRI study

Cortex ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odelia Elkana ◽  
Ram Frost ◽  
Uri Kramer ◽  
Dafna Ben-Bashat ◽  
Talma Hendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fmri Study ◽  
Cerebral Reorganization

scholarly journals Mapping of Language-and-Memory Networks in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by Using the GE2REC Protocol

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Banjac ◽  
Elise Roger ◽  
Emilie Cousin ◽  
Chrystèle Mosca ◽  
Lorella Minotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Preoperative Mapping ◽  
Neurosurgical Planning ◽  
Cerebral Reorganization ◽  
Memory Network

Preoperative mapping of language and declarative memory functions in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients is essential since they frequently encounter deterioration of these functions and show variable degrees of cerebral reorganization. Due to growing evidence on language and declarative memory interdependence at a neural and neuropsychological level, we propose the GE2REC protocol for interactive language-and-memory network (LMN) mapping. GE2REC consists of three inter-related tasks, sentence generation with implicit encoding (GE) and two recollection (2REC) memory tasks: recognition and recall. This protocol has previously been validated in healthy participants, and in this study, we showed that it also maps the LMN in the left TLE (N = 18). Compared to healthy controls (N = 19), left TLE (LTLE) showed widespread inter- and intra-hemispheric reorganization of the LMN through reduced activity of regions engaged in the integration and the coordination of this meta-network. We also illustrated how this protocol could be implemented in clinical practice individually by presenting two case studies of LTLE patients who underwent efficient surgery and became seizure-free but showed different cognitive outcomes. This protocol can be advantageous for clinical practice because it (a) is short and easy to perform; (b) allows brain mapping of essential cognitive functions, even at an individual level; (c) engages language-and-memory interaction allowing to evaluate the integrative processes within the LMN; (d) provides a more comprehensive assessment by including both verbal and visual modalities, as well as various language and memory processes. Based on the available postsurgical data, we presented preliminary results obtained with this protocol in LTLE patients that could potentially inform the clinical practice. This implies the necessity to further validate the potential of GE2REC for neurosurgical planning, along with two directions, guiding resection and describing LMN neuroplasticity at an individual level.

Neurological symptoms in patients after the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, determining further rehabilitation strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Albina Ayratovna Zvegintseva ◽  
Maksim Leonidovich Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Cerebral Reorganization ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Since the Spanish flu in 1918, there has not been such a large-scale pandemic, causing significant damage to the economy of Russia and other countries, as the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, which began in December 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly infectious and can proceed both asymptomatic and in an extremely severe form, especially in the presence of comorbidity. Despite the fact that the clinical picture is associated with respiratory syndrome, long-term neurological symptoms are increasingly observed. In this study, we tried to find out the most pronounced and long-lasting neurological symptoms in the first 6 months after the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. An important role in the rehabilitation process of this group of patients is played by the strategy of neurocytoprotection, which is aimed at preventing and reducing neuronal damage by affecting the cellular mechanisms of neuroregeneration and cerebral reorganization, which leads not only to structural and metabolic, but also to functional recovery.

An improved algorithm of fiber tractography demonstrates postischemic cerebral reorganization

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-dong Liu ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Li Yao ◽  
Kun-cheng Li ◽  
Xiao-jie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Cerebral Reorganization ◽  
Improved Algorithm

scholarly journals Becoming an expert: Ontogeny of expertise as an example of neural reuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Guida ◽  
Guillermo Campitelli ◽  
Fernand Gobet
Keyword(s):  
Neural Basis ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Neural Reuse ◽  
Cerebral Reorganization ◽  
Acquisition Of Expertise

AbstractIn this commentary, we discuss an important pattern of results in the literature on the neural basis of expertise: (a) decrease of cerebral activation at the beginning of acquisition of expertise and (b) functional cerebral reorganization as a consequence of years of practice. We show how these two results can be integrated with the neural reuse framework.

scholarly journals Post-stroke remodeling processes in animal models and humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cirillo ◽  
Nabila Brihmat ◽  
Evelyne Castel-Lacanal ◽  
Alice Le Friec ◽  
Marianne Barbieux-Guillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Cerebral Reorganization ◽  
Tissue Reorganization ◽  
The Brain

After cerebral ischemia, events like neural plasticity and tissue reorganization intervene in lesioned and non-lesioned areas of the brain. These processes are tightly related to functional improvement and successful rehabilitation in patients. Plastic remodeling in the brain is associated with limited spontaneous functional recovery in patients. Improvement depends on the initial deficit, size, nature and localization of the infarction, together with the sex and age of the patient, all of them affecting the favorable outcome of reorganization and repair of damaged areas. A better understanding of cerebral plasticity is pivotal to design effective therapeutic strategies. Experimental models and clinical studies have fueled the current understanding of the cellular and molecular processes responsible for plastic remodeling. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms, in patients and animal models, underlying cerebral reorganization and contributing to functional recovery after ischemic stroke. We also discuss the manipulations and therapies that can stimulate neural plasticity. We finally explore a new topic in the field of ischemic stroke pathophysiology, namely the brain-gut axis.

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