scholarly journals Artery of the Superior Orbital Fissure: An Undescribed Branch from the Pterygopalatine Segment of the Maxillary Artery to the Orbital Apex Connecting with the Anteromedial Branch of the Inferolateral Trunk

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1741-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kiyosue ◽  
S. Tanoue ◽  
N. Hongo ◽  
Y. Sagara ◽  
H. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure ◽  
Inferolateral Trunk

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Orbit

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (04) ◽  
pp. 319-332
Author(s):  
Stefan Lieber ◽  
Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Transnasal Surgery ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

AbstractThe orbit is a paired, transversely oval, and cone-shaped osseous cavity bounded and formed by the anterior and middle cranial base as well as the viscerocranium. Its main contents are the anterior part of the visual system, globe and optic nerve, and the associated neural, vascular, muscular, glandular, and ligamentous structures required for oculomotion, lacrimation, accommodation, and sensation.A complex stream of afferent and efferent information passes through the orbit, which necessitates a direct communication with the anterior and middle cranial fossae, the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae, as well as the aerated adjacent frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses and the nasal cavity.This article provides a detailed illustration and description of the microsurgical anatomy of the orbit, with a focus on the intrinsically complex spatial relationships around the annular tendon and the superior orbital fissure, the transition from cavernous sinus to the orbital apex. Sparse reference will be made to surgical approaches, their indications or limitations, since they are addressed elsewhere in this special issue. Instead, an attempt has been made to highlight anatomical structures and elucidate concepts most relevant to safe and effective transcranial, transfacial, transorbital, or transnasal surgery of orbital, periorbital, and skull base pathologies.

scholarly journals TRAUMATIC SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE SYNDROME - A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Daniela Vrînceanu ◽  
B. Bănică ◽  
Adriana Nica ◽  
Alina Popa-Cherecheanu
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Orbital Apex Syndrome ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure ◽  
Male Victim ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithm ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Restoration

The superior orbital apex syndrome is a relatively uncommon complication of midface maxillofacial trauma. The clinical symptoms consist in ophthalmoplegia, palpebral ptosis, exophthalmia, fixed mydriasis, retrobulbar pain and supraorbital nerve hypoesthesia by involvement of the third (oculomotor nerve), fourth (trochlear), fifth (trigeminal) and sixth nerve (abducens). If there is involvement of the optical nerve, the syndrome is termed - orbital apex syndrome. In this article, we will present the case of a 33-years old male, victim of human aggression with traumatic superior orbital apex syndrome. We discuss details of diagnosis and surgical treatment. We will make, also, a review of literature on this subject. Even if the actual therapeutic algorithm is currently a matter of controversy, the generally accepted therapy plane initiated with a high dose of corticosteroids. Fine slice CT scan examination is mandatory for the correct planning. If the CT scan reveals a highly displaced maxillo-zygomatic complex fracture with or without orbital blow-out fracture, we recommend early surgical intervention after the resolving of the periorbital hematoma within 5 to 10 days ideally if concomitant intracranial injury or other conditions permit it. The early restoration of the orbital anatomy and volume will create the basis for cranial nerve decompression and function at the level of superior orbital fissure.

Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Cavernous Sinus: Surgical Approaches

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Alfieri ◽  
Hae-Dong Jho
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal ◽  
Surgical Access

Abstract OBJECTIVE After completion of an earlier endoscopic transsphenoidal anatomic study, we studied various endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches using cadaveric specimens to develop endoscopic endonasal surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus. METHODS Ten cavernous sinuses in five artery-injected adult cadaveric heads were studied with 0-, 30-, and 70-degree angled 4-mm rod-lens endoscopes. The extent of the surgical exposure, the skewed endoscopic anatomic view, and the maneuverability of surgical instruments through their relative operating spaces were studied after various endoscopic endonasal approaches via one nostril. RESULTS The paraseptal approach was used between the nasal septum and the middle turbinate and provided exposure at the anteromedial portion of the cavernous sinus. The contralateral paraseptal approach rendered a slightly more medial view at the cavernous sinus than did the ipsilateral approach. This approach offered limited surgical access to the lateral vertical compartment. The middle turbinectomy approach allowed surgical access to the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, except for the superior orbital fissure and the orbital apex. The middle meatal approach, which was made between the middle turbinate and the lateral nasal wall, revealed the entire lateral vertical compartment of the cavernous sinus, including the orbital apex and the superior orbital fissure. However, its lateral tangential surgical trajectory and the absence of dedicated surgical tools limited the surgeon's surgical maneuverability. A combination of the middle turbinectomy and middle meatal approaches increased the operating space. CONCLUSION Various endoscopic endonasal surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus were studied using adult cadaveric head specimens.

Clinical management of traumatic superior orbital fissure and orbital apex syndromes

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Jin ◽  
Shun Gong ◽  
Kaiwei Han ◽  
Junyu Wang ◽  
Liquan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure

scholarly journals Endoscopic endonasal anatomy of superior orbital fissure and orbital apex regions: critical considerations for clinical applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. 1643-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo Dallan ◽  
Paolo Castelnuovo ◽  
Matteo de Notaris ◽  
Stefano Sellari-Franceschini ◽  
Riccardo Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal

scholarly journals Orbital apex disorders: Imaging findings and management

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Goyal ◽  
Steven Lee ◽  
Nishant Gupta ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Manisha Mangla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Orbital Apex Syndrome ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure ◽  
Cavernous Sinus Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome

Orbital apex disorders include orbital apex syndrome, superior orbital fissure syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome. These disorders result from various etiologies, including trauma, neoplastic, developmental, infectious, inflammatory as well as vascular causes. In the past, these have been described separately based on anatomical locations of disease process; however, these three disorders share similar causes, diagnostic evaluation and management strategies. The etiology is diverse and management is directed to the causative process. This imaging review summarizes the pertinent anatomy of the orbital apex and illustrates representative pathological processes that may affect this region. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current status of diagnostic imaging and management of patients with orbital apex disorders.

Syndromes of the Orbital Apex, Superior Orbital Fissure, and Cavernous Sinus

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Thurtell ◽  
Robert L. Tomsak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Surgical Debridement ◽  
Antifungal Treatment ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Timely Fashion

Lesions in the orbital apex, superior orbital fissure, and cavernous sinus can give rise to characteristic combinations of cranial nerve palsies. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing the clinical features and common causes of syndromes of the orbital apex, superior orbital fissure, and cavernous sinus. We go on to discuss the pathogenesis and clinical features of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in detail, because it has a grave prognosis if it is not diagnosed and treated in a timely fashion. We then describe the roles and importance of imaging and tissue biopsy for its diagnosis. Lastly, we review the management of rhino-orbital mucormycosis, which includes rapid reversal of predisposing factors (such as diabetic ketoacidosis), immediate initiation of empiric antifungal treatment, and early surgical debridement of infected tissue.

Enterogenous Cyst of the Orbital Apex and Superior Orbital Fissure.

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
D. Leventer ◽  
J. Merriam ◽  
R. Defendini ◽  
M. Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Enterogenous Cyst ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure

Enterogenous Cyst of the Orbital Apex and Superior Orbital Fissure

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
D B Leventer ◽  
J C Merriam ◽  
R Defendini ◽  
M M Behrens ◽  
E D Housepian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterogenous Cyst ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure
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