scholarly journals Characterization of Cyclic CSF Flow in the Foramen Magnum and Upper Cervical Spinal Canal with MR Flow Imaging and Computational Fluid Dynamics

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hentschel ◽  
K.-A. Mardal ◽  
A.E. Løvgren ◽  
S. Linge ◽  
V. Haughton
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Flow Imaging ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Cervical Spinal Canal ◽  
Upper Cervical

scholarly journals CSF Flow through the Upper Cervical Spinal Canal in Chiari I Malformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shah ◽  
V. Haughton ◽  
A. Muñoz del Río
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Cervical Spinal Canal ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Flow Through

scholarly journals Estimation of CSF Flow Resistance in the Upper Cervical Spine

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
K-A. Mardal ◽  
G. Rutkowska ◽  
S. Linge ◽  
V. Haughton
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Cervical Spinal Canal ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Chiari I

Chiari I patients have increased CSF velocities in the foramen magnum due hypothetically to increased pressure gradients or reduced flow resistance. We calculated flow resistance in the cervical spinal canal in a group of subjects with and without the Chiari malformation. Eight subjects including healthy volunteers and Chiari I patients were studied. From 3D high resolution MR images of the cervical spine mathematical models of the subarachnoid spaces were created by means of standard programs for segmentation and discretization. Oscillatory flow through the subarachnoid space was simulated. Cross-sectional area of the subarachnoid space was computed at each level from C1 through C4 and the length of this spinal canal segment was measured. Peak caudad CSF flow velocity at each level was plotted against cross-section area. CSF volumetric flux and resistance were calculated for each subject. The correlation between velocity and resistance was calculated. In all subjects, peak velocities increased progressively from C1 to C4 by 0.6 to 0.7 cm/s per level. Spinal canal areas diminished from C1 to C5 in each subject at a rate of 0.25 to 0.29 cm2per level. Resistance averaged 4.3 pascal/ml/s in the eight subjects; 3.8 pascal/ml/s in patients with tonsilar herniation and 6.0 pascal/ml/s in volunteers. Velocity correlated inversely with resistance (R2= 0.6). CSF velocities correlated inversely with the flow resistance in the upper cervical spinal canal. Resistance tends to be lower in Chiari I patients than in healthy volunteers.

CFD Modeling for Patient-Specific Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Roldán ◽  
Andrew Wentland ◽  
Oliver Wieben ◽  
Victor Haughton ◽  
Tim Osswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Cervical Spinal Canal ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cerebellar Tonsils

Chiari malformations are characterized by the cerebellar tonsils extending into the upper cervical spinal canal. Many patients with Chiari malformation experience headaches or develop a cyst in the spinal cord inferior to the cerebellar tonsils. Some symptomatic patients benefit from a surgical procedure to enlarge the foramen magnum and others do not. The causes of symptoms and variable response to surgery remain unknown. Imaging studies have shown that patients with a Chiari malformation exhibit increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocities compared to subjects without the malformation. Improved methods of analyzing the CSF fluid dynamics are needed to evaluate the impact of increased fluid velocities on pressure differentials in the upper cervical spinal canal and the potential impact of surgery on flow dynamics in patient specific geometries.

Impedance to Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Cervical Spinal Canal is Dominated by Geometric Complexity

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Shaffer ◽  
Francis Loth ◽  
Oliver Wieben ◽  
Brandon Rocque ◽  
Bermans Iskandar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Graft Patency ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Cerebellar Tonsil ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽  
Cervical Spinal Canal ◽  
Wide Range

In a fluid system, longitudinal impedance (LI) is the impedance per unit length of a conduit. Its magnitude depends on conduit geometry and the mechanical properties of both the fluid and conduit. In the context of vein grafts, LI has been shown to correlate with vein graft size and graft patency at one year from surgery [1]. More generally, LI has been shown to be consistent over a wide range of physiological flows [2]. Due to its ability to characterize the effect of geometry on flow in a conduit, LI may be useful in examining differences between a healthy spinal canal and one affected by Type I Chiari malformation (CMI). CMI is a complex disorder of the craniospinal system classically characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils of 3–5 mm past the foramen magnum [3], which has proven difficult to properly diagnose as the associated neurological symptoms may overlap with the symptomatology of other disorders. Current methods of quantifying CMI severity, such as cerebellar tonsil herniation depth, do not necessarily correlate with symptom severity. Likewise, studies that have sought to hydrodynamically analyze CMI by measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity have yielded mixed results. We hypothesized that the severity of obstruction to CSF flow in the CMI-affected cervical spinal canal can be quantified and compared by calculation of LI.

CSF Flow in Chiari I and Syringomyelia from the Perspective of Computational Fluid Dynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. Støverud ◽  
K.-A. Mardal ◽  
V. Haughton ◽  
H. P. Langtangen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Chiari I

Characterization of the Hydrodynamics in the USP Basket Apparatus Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1231-1241
Author(s):  
Andres F. Martinez ◽  
Kushal Sinha ◽  
Nandkishor Nere ◽  
Russell Slade ◽  
Steven Castleberry
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics
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