scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression among Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (220) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Shrestha ◽  
Neharika Shrestha ◽  
Smriti Khanal ◽  
Sujata Dahal ◽  
Roshan Lama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Negative Effect

Introduction: Depression is one of the major problems encountered by medical students. This maycause a negative effect on cognitive functioning and learning of students resulting in poor healthcare and service delivery in future. The presence of this major problem is necessary to be evaluated.Enough recent data regarding its prevalence is not available in our country. Thus, the main aim ofthis study is to find the prevalence of depression among medical students of a tertiary care teachinghospital. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted among undergraduatemedical students of a tertiary teaching hospital over a four-month period (July to October 2019).Ethical clearance was received from the Institutional Review Committee of the same tertiary teachinghospital. Random sampling technique was used to collect data to meet the calculated sample size.Data analysis was done in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Point estimate at 95% ConfidenceInterval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of depression among selected medical students of Kathmandu MedicalCollege and Teaching Hospital is 59 (27.2%) at 95% Confidence Interval (21.28-33.12%). Thirty (14%)of the participants were mildly depressed, 21 (10%) moderately depressed while 8 (4%) were severelydepressed according to Beck’s Depression Index II. Conclusions: Prevalence of depression among medical students is relatively significant as foundin similar studies done in other centres. Thus appropriate programs and strategies should beimplemented to avoid depression from causing a negative effect on cognitive functioning andlearning of students. Favourable environment where students are able to talk about their mentalhealth issues is a must.

scholarly journals Mean Auricular Index of the External Ear in Medical Students of a Medical College in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Pandey ◽  
Sudikshya KC ◽  
Chandan Sintakala
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Introduction: The human ear is divided into external, middle and internal ear. The auricle helps in the clinical diagnosis of congenital anomalies and syndromes. The aim of this study is to determine the mean auricular index from the right and left ears, mean measurements of left and right ear and sex-related dimensions of the ear. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in medical students studying at a tertiary care hospital during the period of 1st April 2019 to 20th May 2019 after ethical clearance from the institutional review committee. Simple random sampling was done. Data were collected, entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of total measurements done, we found the mean auricular index was found to be for right ear 51.75±4.51mm and for left ear 54.0996±4.95682mm at 95% CI (51.75-52.37) and (53.42654.766) respectively. The mean ear length, mean ear breadth, mean lobular length and mean lobular breadth were 57.62±5.03mm, 29.72±2.79mm, 19.32±2.60mm and 20.89±3.06mm on the right side and 57.89±4.89mm, 31.21±2.95mm, 19.38±2.55mm and 21.25±2.81mm on the left side respectively. Conclusions: The mean auricular index of the external ear of medical students was within the normal range as compared to the other studies conducted.

scholarly journals Depression among Medical Students of a Medical College in Nepal during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (239) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarshee Adhikari ◽  
Ezna Sujakhu ◽  
Sandervee GC ◽  
Sabin Zoowa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: Depression is a common mental disorder. Medical school is a stressful environment. The outbreak of COVID-19 has added to the plight of medical students. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among medical students of a medical college in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a medical college in Nepal from August 2020 to September 2020. The sample size of our study was 223. A convenient sampling method was adopted for the selection of respondents. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference no:321). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. The study instrument consisted of the Patient Health Questionnaire and socio-demographic information. Results: Out of 223 participants, the prevalence of depression was seen among 52 (23.3%) (17.7%-28.9% at 95% Confidence Interval) students in our study. Among them, 25 (48.1%) females and 27 (51.9%) males were depressed. The prevalence of depression was higher in preclinical years (first and second year) than in clinical years (third, fourth and final year). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among medical students in Nepal during the pandemic was less than the findings of similar studies conducted in Nepal before the pandemic. Further studies are required to get more knowledge about the factors associated with mental health of medical students.

scholarly journals Knowledge on Diet among the Hypertensive Patients in a Tertiary Care Center Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (222) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabina Maharjan ◽  
Narayani Maharjan ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Health Research Council

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death and disability in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing rapidly worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge of diet and exercise among hypertensive patients. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire among 169 hypertensive patients at Kathmandu diabetes and thyroid center from May 2017 to July 2017 after taking ethical clearance from Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal. A convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected and entry was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of total 169 participants enrolled in this study, only 79 (46.7%) had good knowledge and 90 (53.3%) had poor knowledge regarding diet and exercise. The mean age of participants was 54.68±13.91 years. Conclusions: This study revealed that the knowledge about diet and exercise among hypertensive patients is poor and this study suggests the need for a proper educational intervention to improve awareness and to control hypertension effectively.

scholarly journals Acute Poisoning among Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (227) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Thapa ◽  
Bishwa Raj Dawadi ◽  
Anup Raj Upreti
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Acute poisoning is a major global public health problem contributing to one of theleading causes for a visit to an emergency department. This study aims to analyse the demographicand psychosocial characteristics of patients with acute poisoning presented to the emergencydepartment. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital fromJune to December 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from Institutional review board (referencenumber. 041-075/0760). A convenient sampling method was applied. Epidemiological factors, typesof poison consumed, reason, motive, and place to take poison, time elapse in the presentation to thehospital were studied. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciencesversion 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency andproportion for binary data. Results: Out of 76 cases of acute poisoning, the organophosphorus poisoning was 18 (23.7%) followedby unknown 12 (15.8). Of total, 28 (36.8%) had quarrel before taking poison and 41 (53.9 %) hadintention to commit suicide. Sixty-seven (88.2%) took a poison at home. The average elapsed time tothe visit of the emergency department was 110±80 minutes.   Conclusions: The most common poisoning was organophosphorus with a suicide being the mostcommon intention. Quarrel was the most frequent reason to take poison and the home was the mostcommon place to take poison.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Colistin-resistant Gram-negative Isolates Carrying the mcr-1 Gene among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (232) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashmita Paudel ◽  
Surya Prasad Devkota ◽  
Anima Shrestha ◽  
Anil Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative

Introduction: Gram-negative isolates harboring mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene are a great threat to human health. They have been reported worldwide among various bacterial isolates. This work aimed to study the prevalence of colistin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria and the incidence of mcr-1 gene among these isolates. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary care center from June 2016 to February 2017. An ethical approval was taken from review board of the Nepal Health Research Council (Reg. no: 274/2016). Convenience sampling was used. The data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16 . Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 485 gram-negative isolates, only 13 (2.68%) (1.26-6.62 at 95% Confidence Interval) isolates were colistin-resistant and mcr-1 was present in two isolates. Predominant colistin-resistant isolates were E. coli 6 (4.1%), Enterobacter spp 2 (2.81%), and Acinetobacter spp 2 (2.81%). A high level of colistin-resistance was noted in 4 (30.7%) isolates as indicated by the very high value of colistin MIC (>256 µg/ml). ICU was the major site of isolation of colistin-resistant and mcr-1 positive pathogens. The majority of colistin-resistant isolates were highly drug-resistant and were sensitive only to polymyxin B. Antibiotics like imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam were effective for few of these isolates. Conclusions: Though the prevalence of mcr-1 gene was low among colistin-resistant gram-negative isolates, the resistant pattern was quite alarming as these isolates were highly drug-resistant.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis among Patients Admitted to the Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Thapa ◽  
Anupam Bista ◽  
Prashant Subedi ◽  
Aaradhana Adhikari ◽  
Sunil Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Tuberculosis has high burden in developing countries like Nepal. This study aims to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis among patients admitted in the department of medicine of a tertiary hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of all the patients admitted to the tertiary care hospital from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019 was done. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Committee (Ref: drs2006181387). Convenience sampling method was used. A descriptive analysis of demographic, clinical and laboratory profile of patients was made using Microsoft Excel version 2016. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 6829 patients admitted to the department of medicine, 209 (3.06%) (2.65-3.47 at 95% CI) patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Among them, 147 (70.33%) were males and the mean age was 49.77 years. Pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were present in 153 (73.20%) and 56 (26.79%) patients, respectively. Bacteriological confirmation was limited to 107 (70%) of pulmonary tuberculosis and 3 (5%) of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Fever was the commonest presentation in 166 (79.42%) followed by cough in 164 (78.46%), anorexia in 108 (51.67%), weight loss 104 (49.76%), and others. Conclusions: The study showed that the prevalence of tuberculosis among admitted patients was higher than national prevalence.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intermediate Syndrome among Admitted Patients with Organophosphorous Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Uprety ◽  
Binod Pantha ◽  
Lochan Karki ◽  
Suresh Prasad Nepal ◽  
Milan Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Organophosphorous poisoning is a common problem prevalent in Nepal. Intermediate syndrome is a common clinical feature seen among the patients those have ingested poison. There is a scarcity of data related to intermediate syndrome and other general complications in patients with organophosphorous poisoning in context of Nepal. This study was carried out to observe the prevalence of intermediate syndrome and the general complications of oraganophosphorus poisoning among admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital from April 2008 to June 2009 after ethical approval was from Institiutional Review Board of tertiary care hospital. Forty four patients with history of ingestion of organophosphorus poisoning within 24 hours were included in our study through convenience sampling. Clinical examinations were done to look for Intermediate syndrome. Data was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences and point estimate at 95% of CI was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 44 patients, features of intermediate syndrome were seen in 40 (90.9%) at 95% of CI (84.2-97.6) patients in the study. The frequency of intermediate syndrome signs like weakness of neck flexion, inability to sit up and swallowing difficulty were seen among the patients. Complications like pneumonia 4 (9.09%), hyponatremia 3 (6.8%), hypokalemia 1 (2.27%) and bradycardia 1 (2.27%) were seen in the study. Mortality seen in the study was 2 (4.5%) among the admitted patients. Conclusions: Prevalence of intermediate syndrome was higher compared to other studies done in similar settings. Complications like pneumonia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and bradycardia were seen among the patients.

scholarly journals Anatomical Positions of Superior Parathyroid Gland with regard to the Zuckerkandl Tubercle in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (234) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Regmi ◽  
Rachana Baidhya ◽  
Ashik Rajak ◽  
Nain Bahadur Mahato ◽  
Sangita Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Zuckerkandl tubercle is a prominent anatomical structure of the thyroid lobe. Identification and preservation of recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery can be made easier through assessment of their relationship with the Zuckerkandl tubercle. This study aims to determine the anatomical relationship between Zuckerkandl tubercle and superior parathyroid in patients who underwent thyroidectomy in a tertiary care center. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of Nepal following ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference no: 0106201804) among patients who underwent thyroid surgery between July 2018 to February 2020. Convenience sampling was used for collecting data and was entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency andproportion for binary data. Results: Out of 59 cases, 27 (96.4%) of superior parathyroid on the left were at the 1-2 o’clock position, and 28 (90.3%) of superior parathyroid on the right were at 10-11 o’clock position. On the left side, the superior parathyroid was adhered to Zuckerkandl tubercle in 10 (35.7%), was within 5 mm in 16 (57.1%), and was >5 mm away from Zuckerkandl tubercle in 2 (7.14%). On the right side, the superior parathyroid was adhered to Zuckerkandl tubercle in 12 (38.7%), was within 5 mm in 13 (41.93%), and was >5 mm away from Zuckerkandl tubercle in 6 (19.3%). Conclusions: Zuckerkandl tubercle has a consistent relationship with the superior parathyroid and can be used as an important landmark for identifying superior parathyroid during thyroid surgery.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self Induced Abortion by Self-Administration of Abortive Pills among Abortion-related Admissions in a Tertiary Care Centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (232) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibechan Thapa ◽  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Yam Prasad Dwa
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Each year, unsafe medical abortion costs the lives of thousands worldwide. Despite the legalization of abortion in Nepal in 2002, many still seek services from unauthorized sources. This has led to grave consequences including death. Our objective is to find out the prevalence of self-induced abortion by self-administration of abortive pills and related complications. Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among abortion-related admissions in a tertiary care center from June 15 2018 to March 15, 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee (076/077/51). Data was collected using pre-designed proforma and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 223 cases enrolled, 37 (16.6%) (9.6-23.6 at 95% Confidence Interval) were self-induced abortion cases by self-administration of abortion pills. The mean gestational age at the time of intake of pills was 7+6±3+1 week of gestation. The majority were diagnosed with incomplete abortion 14 (37.8%) followed by septic abortion 8 (21.6%). A surgical evacuation was performed in 25 (67.6%). Anemia was observed in 19 (51.3%) with severe anemia in 4 (10.8%). Blood transfusion was carried out in 14 (37.8%). Post abortive contraception was accepted by only 16 (42.3%). Conclusions: Medical abortion is safe if done under supervision but self-induced abortion by self-administration of abortion pills has a high complication rate. Therefore, further studies exploring a different dimension of the serious issue is the need of time.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Laryngomalacia among Young Children Presenting with Stridor in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (230) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Introduction: Laryngomalacia is one of the most common causes of stridor in young children. It can be a serious concern to both parents and caregivers. The main objective of this study is to find the prevalence of laryngomalacia among young children presenting with stridor in a tertiary care hospital in central Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out form 1st December 2017 to 1st May 2020 in children less than two years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital (reference number: 2020/23). Convenient sampling was done. Detailed demography, clinical examination, and video laryngoscopy findings were evaluated to find the prevalence of laryngomalacia among all children with stridor. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 430 participants who presented with stridor, the laryngomalacia was found in 234 (66%) (58.7-74.07) cases at a 95% confidence interval. The male: female ratio was 1.7:1. Most children, 192 (67.6%), presented with a milder form of laryngomalacia. The most common type was a mixed type of laryngomalacia in 159 (56%). Sleep-disordered breathing was seen in 113 (39.79%) of children diagnosed with laryngomalacia. Conclusions: Our study concluded that laryngomalacia was the most common cause of stridor in children less than two years of age. However, in most cases, the problem is not serious and a regular follow-up with weight monitoring is warranted.

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