scholarly journals Prevalence of Community-Acquired Pyoderma in Dermatological Outpatient Department of A Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (217) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupak Bishwokarma Ghimire ◽  
Khilasha Pokhrel ◽  
Sanjubabu Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review

Introduction: Pyoderma is defined as any purulent skin disease and represents infections inepidermis and dermis or hair follicles. This study aims to find out the prevalence of communityacquired pyoderma in dermatological outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients who presented atdermatology outpatient department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital betweenDecember 2018 and March 2019 after ethical clearance from institutional review committee.Convenience sampling method was done. Data was collected and analysis was done using SPSSsoftware, point estimate at 95% CI was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binarydata. Results: Out of 385 cases, 72 (18%) cases were of community-acquired pyoderma. Prevalence ofcommunity-acquired pyoderma is 72 (18%) at 95% CI(). Primary pyoderma was seen in 49 (12.72%)mainly folliculitis 17 (4.41%), furunculosis 16 (4.15%), impetigo 6 (1.55%), abscess 6 (1.55%) andbacterial paronychia 4 (1.03%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated in 42(58.3%) cases and Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated in 3 (4.17%) cases. Staphylococcus aureuswas most sensitive to Vancomycin 42 (100%) followed by Gentamycin 40 (95.2%), Ciprofloxacin 40(95.2%) and Ceftriaxone 40 (95.2%). Highest resistance was seen to Azithromycin in 13 (30.95%),followed by Cloxacilllin in 11 (26.19%). Males were affected predominantly in 49 (68.06%) ascompared to females in 23 (31.94%). Conclusions: Prevalence of community-acquired pyoderma is high among patients visitingdermatological outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital compared to other studies.Antibiotic resistance of commonly used antibiotics are increasing and thus proper cultureand sensitivity reports may be required to guide our treatment

scholarly journals Prevalence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Neonates in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (216) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Lamichhane ◽  
Aparna Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a serious problem which needs to be addressed for a better outcome of the ventilated babies. The present study is undertaken to find out the prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonates in a tertiary care hospital in western Nepal.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in the western region of Nepal from March 2016 to February 2019 after approval from the Institutional review committee. Sample size was calculated and convenience sampling was done to reach the sample size. Data were collected from hospital records and entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.Results: Out of 95 patients ventilated in neonatal intensive care unit in the last 3 years, 23 (24.01%) developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. Prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia is 23 (24.01%) at 95% (14%-34%). Late onset ventilator associated pneumonia was seen in 15 (15.78%) while early onset ventilator associated pneumonia was seen in 8 (8.42%). Conclusions: Prevalence of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates in tertiary care hospital is high compared to other studies conducted in neonates.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (231) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimesh Poudel ◽  
Subodh Sagar Dhakal ◽  
Renu Sukhupayo ◽  
Dambar Bahadur Karki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition prevalent among both developed and developing countries where it is seen mostly in females. It has been linked to various skeletal and non-skeletal diseases. This study was done to find out the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and clinical features of deficient patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among the patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study was conducted from May 2019 to July 2019. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (ref no. 310520113). Convenient sampling was done. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and was analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Out of 481 participants, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 335 (69.6%). Severe vitamin D deficiency was seen in 78 (16.2%) and insufficient vitamin D in 77 (16%) of the patients. The mean serum vitamin D concentration by gender was 22.38±17.07 ng/ml in males and 18.89±15.25 ng/ml in females. A total of 263 (54.6%) females and 72 (14.97%) males had vitamin D deficiency. The most common symptoms found in vitamin D deficiency patients were fatigue 187(55.8%), muscle cramps 131(39.1%), generalized myalgia 125(37.31%), bone and joint pain 111(33.13%) Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent especially in females and elderly people. Fatigability was present in more than half of the vitamin D deficient patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intermediate Syndrome among Admitted Patients with Organophosphorous Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Uprety ◽  
Binod Pantha ◽  
Lochan Karki ◽  
Suresh Prasad Nepal ◽  
Milan Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Organophosphorous poisoning is a common problem prevalent in Nepal. Intermediate syndrome is a common clinical feature seen among the patients those have ingested poison. There is a scarcity of data related to intermediate syndrome and other general complications in patients with organophosphorous poisoning in context of Nepal. This study was carried out to observe the prevalence of intermediate syndrome and the general complications of oraganophosphorus poisoning among admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital from April 2008 to June 2009 after ethical approval was from Institiutional Review Board of tertiary care hospital. Forty four patients with history of ingestion of organophosphorus poisoning within 24 hours were included in our study through convenience sampling. Clinical examinations were done to look for Intermediate syndrome. Data was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences and point estimate at 95% of CI was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 44 patients, features of intermediate syndrome were seen in 40 (90.9%) at 95% of CI (84.2-97.6) patients in the study. The frequency of intermediate syndrome signs like weakness of neck flexion, inability to sit up and swallowing difficulty were seen among the patients. Complications like pneumonia 4 (9.09%), hyponatremia 3 (6.8%), hypokalemia 1 (2.27%) and bradycardia 1 (2.27%) were seen in the study. Mortality seen in the study was 2 (4.5%) among the admitted patients. Conclusions: Prevalence of intermediate syndrome was higher compared to other studies done in similar settings. Complications like pneumonia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and bradycardia were seen among the patients.

scholarly journals Abnormal Fetal Echocardiography in Diabetic Pregnant Women at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (227) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotshna Sharma ◽  
Sanjeeb Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Fetal Echocardiography ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review

Introduction: The sedentary lifestyle of women and change in their food habits has a significantrole in developing diabetes in pregnancies. This leads to an increased chance of fetal cardiacabnormality born by a mother with gestational diabetes and pre-existing diabetes. The objectiveof the study is to find out the prevalence of abnormal fetal echocardiography in gestational andpre-existing diabetic pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 diabetic pregnantwomen in a tertiary care hospital from April 15, 2017, to April 14, 2018. Ethical approvalwas obtained from the institutional review committee. The convenient sampling method wasused. The patients who were diagnosed as gestational diabetes and diabetic before pregnancywere included in the study. Fetal echocardiography was mainly done at a gestational age of22-32 weeks depending upon the time of diagnosis of gestational diabetes and for pre-diabeticwomen, fetal echocardiography was done at 24-26 weeks of gestation. Statistical analysis wasdone using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences version 20. Results: Among 104 patients, 16 (15.38%) patients had abnormal fetal echocardiography.Eighty-three (79.81%) were gestational diabetics, 21 (20.19%) were pre-existing diabeticwomen. Among 83 gestational diabetes, 7 (8.4%) had abnormal echo finding and among 21pre-existing diabetics, 9 (42.8%) had abnormal echo finding. Conclusions: There was an increased chance of fetal cardiac malformation in gestational diabeticand pre-existing diabetics diabetic especially in an uncontrolled glycemic state. And, if theywere diagnosed prenatally, clinical outcomes for both mother and fetus would have been better.

scholarly journals Primary Congenital Glaucoma among the Children Under 3 Years of Age in the Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (241) ◽  
pp. 867-870
Author(s):  
Rakshya Panta Sitoula ◽  
Jamuna Gurung ◽  
Afaque Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Congenital Glaucoma

Introduction: Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children. Primary congenital glaucoma though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary eye center in Nepal in children (≤ 3 years) presented in the outpatient department of a tertiary eye hospital between June 2017 and June 2020. The study was approved by the hospital review committee and adhered to the declaration of Helsinki. A convenient sampling method was used. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated with frequency distribution. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Out of total children under 3 years who presented to the outpatient department, 46 (0.31%) at 95% Confidence Interval (0.30-0.32) had primary congenital glaucoma. Among them, 30 children (65.2%) had bilateral involvement. Mean intraocular pressure was 42.40±8.15mm Hg. The mean age of initial presentation, horizontal corneal diameter, and axial length were 12.07±8.9 months, 12.95±1mm, and 23.89±1.7mm respectively. Consanguinity was observed in 12 (26%) children. Conclusions: From the study, we conclude that there was a low prevalence of primary congenital glaucoma among children under 3 years of age who presented to the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital.

scholarly journals Frequency of anemia and causative risk factors in patients presenting to tertiary care hospital: A cross sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1966-1970
Author(s):  
Saima Yasmin Qadir ◽  
Hajira Sultana ◽  
Saima Ashraf ◽  
Shazia Siddiq ◽  
Asia Fayyaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical University

Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia and its causative risk factors in patients attending the gynecology outpatient department of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Gynecology Outpatient Department attendees of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital. Period: 1st September to 31st December 2019. Material & Methods: Total 361 females between 19-49 years of age were enrolled and included those patients who consented to be tested for blood hemoglobin estimation. Their brief history was taken after proper consent according to predesigned proforma to rule out the risk factors. Patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic lung diseases and liver diseases were excluded. Blood test was done by obtaining the blood sample by finger prick method. Hemoglobin analysis was performed by portable Hemocueanalyser. Frequency of anemia, severity of anemia and their stratification was performed against the risk factors like age, educational status, socioeconomic status, status of pregnancy, parity and contraception were obtained to rule the causative factors. Anemia was defined per standard criteria as hemoglobin less than 11gm/dl. Results:  Majority of patients 65% were between 19-35 years of age and 34% were 36-49years of age. Frequency of pregnant patients and non-pregnant patients was 63.4% and 36.6%.  Frequency of anemia was 56.8%, mean hemoglobin 10.48±1.18 with mild, moderate and severe anemia were 36.8%, 17.2% and 2.8%. Majority of females 82.9%, never went to school and had primary education, 71.70% belong to very poor and poor socioeconomic status, 79.02% were multipara and 81.95% never and infrequently practiced the contraceptive methods. Conclusion:  Frequency of anemia is very high in females presenting to tertiary care hospital being more common in younger age group. Frequent pregnancies, poor socioeconomic status and low level of educational attainment were the major determinants of anemia in females.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Laryngomalacia among Young Children Presenting with Stridor in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (230) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Introduction: Laryngomalacia is one of the most common causes of stridor in young children. It can be a serious concern to both parents and caregivers. The main objective of this study is to find the prevalence of laryngomalacia among young children presenting with stridor in a tertiary care hospital in central Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out form 1st December 2017 to 1st May 2020 in children less than two years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital (reference number: 2020/23). Convenient sampling was done. Detailed demography, clinical examination, and video laryngoscopy findings were evaluated to find the prevalence of laryngomalacia among all children with stridor. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 430 participants who presented with stridor, the laryngomalacia was found in 234 (66%) (58.7-74.07) cases at a 95% confidence interval. The male: female ratio was 1.7:1. Most children, 192 (67.6%), presented with a milder form of laryngomalacia. The most common type was a mixed type of laryngomalacia in 159 (56%). Sleep-disordered breathing was seen in 113 (39.79%) of children diagnosed with laryngomalacia. Conclusions: Our study concluded that laryngomalacia was the most common cause of stridor in children less than two years of age. However, in most cases, the problem is not serious and a regular follow-up with weight monitoring is warranted.

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