scholarly journals Cognitive Dysfunctions in Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (201) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Sirjana Adhikari ◽  
Mita Rana ◽  
Suraj Shakya ◽  
Saroj Prasad Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Remote Memory ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Illness Variables

Introduction: Alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder, accompanied by neuropsychological deficits. Patients with alcohol dependence were evaluated to identify the cognitive dysfunctions. Method: The study followed descriptive design and recruited participants (N=62) from inpatient services of the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health by convenient sampling. Participants were evaluated with the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, Frontal Assessment Battery and PGI Memory Scale for the severity of alcohol dependence, executive impairments and memory dysfunctions respectively once they had completed alcohol detoxification. Results: Total duration of alcohol consumption was 13.93±8.74 years, period of dependence was 2.97±2.23 years and 56.5% had moderate level of dependence. 33.9% of the participants had executive impairments particularly in conceptualization, programming and mental flexibility. 38% of variance in executive dysfunction was explained by illness variables, where period of alcohol dependence and education were significant predictors. 54.8% had significant memory dysfunction particularly in visual retention, remote memory, verbal retention of dissimilar pairs and delayed recall. Memory dysfunction differed significantly among the age groups (F=10.22, p<0.01) and age was a significant predictor (β=.542, p<0.001). 19% variance in memory dysfunction was explained by illness variables, where duration of alcohol consumption was a significant predictor (β = .485, p<0.01). Conclusion: Findings indicate that cognitive dysfunctions are prevalent among patients with alcohol dependence. Hence, routine neuropsychological assessment is of particular importance for early detection and remediation of underlying deficits, which completes the treatment of alcohol dependence. Keywords: alcohol dependence: cognitive dysfunctions; executive functions; memory. | PubMed

scholarly journals Association between alcohol consumption and frailty in three Chinese cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Nie ◽  
Greg Williams ◽  
Arpana Verma ◽  
Yongkai Zhu ◽  
Hua Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
Keywords Alcohol

Abstract Background: Frailty is often described as a condition of the elderly but affects all age groups, alcohol consumption is associated with frailty. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between alcohol consumption pattern (ACP) and frailty in three cities in adults. . Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities in China from June 2017 to October 2018. In total, 20,716 residents aged ≥18 years old were selected by using a multi-level stage sampling procedure. Alcohol consumption pattern was assessed by CAGE four-item questionnaire. Frailty was measured by a validated Chinese version of the FRAIL scale. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the association of ACP with pre-frailty and frailty after controlling for varied covariates. Results: In general, the prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty was 35.25% and 11.42%, respectively. After controlling for covariates and interaction of age and ACP, non-problematic drinkers neither had association with pre-frailty(OR: 1.13, 95%CI:0.97-1.31) nor with frailty(OR:0.86,95%CI:0.68-1.12), while problematic drinkers had high odd ratios of pre-frailty(OR: 1.35, 95%CI:1.06-1.72) and frailty(OR:1.52, 95%CI:1.02-2.26) compared with non-drinker. Conclusions: our study found a positive association between problematic drinking and (pre-) frailty, no relationship between non-problematic drinking and (pre-) frailty compared with non-drinking among whole Chinese population. Based on previous findings and ours, we conclude it is important for the prevention of frailty to advocate zero drinking among whole population. Keywords: alcohol consumption, frailty, life course

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

Clinical Profile and Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis attending a Teaching Hospital at Gandaki Province, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Bhattarai ◽  
Merina Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Keywords Alcohol

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is inflammatory process of pancreas presenting with acute abdominal pain.The majority of patients have mild disease. Some patients develop local and systemic complications with increased morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical profile and outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis.   Methods:  A cross-sectional hospital based study comprising of 62 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were enrolled between Jan 2019 to August 2020. Clinical profile at admission, complications and clinical outcomes including mortality were studied. Patients were classified into mild, moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis based on revised Atlanta classification and modified CT severity index.  Data entry was done in Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 44±10.87 years with 43 (56%) males and 19 (44%) females (M:F=2.1:1). The commonest etiology of pancreatitis was alcohol (53.2%) followed by biliary pancreatitis (37.1%)  The most common presentation was abdominal pain (100%). The most common complication was pancreatic necrosis (21%) followed by acute kidney injury (19.4%) and pleural effusion (17.3%). Majority( 72.6%) was mild and 17.7% had severe acute pancreatitis. Mortality was seen in 6.5% patients. Mortality was observed in patients with persistent complications, organ failure, low serum calcium and high modified CT severity index.   Conclusions: Alcohol and gallstones were the two main etiologies of acute pancreatitis and were common in males, and in middle age groups. Majority presented with mild severity. Mortality was observed in some patients with severe acute pancreatitis.   Keywords: alcohol; biliary; CT severity index; mortality; outcome; pancreatitis          

scholarly journals Determinants of alcohol consumption and marijuana use among young adults in the Republic of Palau

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Sata ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Chifa Chiang ◽  
Singeru Travis Singeo ◽  
Berry Moon Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Palau

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the status of alcohol consumption and drug use among young adults as well as their determinants. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 356 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years) living in Palau in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported alcohol and marijuana usage were compared within and between sexes, age groups, ethnicities, and education levels. Results The proportion of current drinking was higher in people aged 21–24 than in those aged 18–20 (73.2% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.09 in men and 48.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.02 in women), while that of marijuana use did not differ between the age groups. The proportions of current drinking and marijuana use were higher in Palauan than in other ethnicities (current drinking: 70.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.005 in men and 38.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.04 in women; lifetime marijuana use: 80.0% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.02 in men and 56.1% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.09 in women). The proportion of frequent (3 times or more) marijuana users was higher for the lower educated than for the higher educated (62.5% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001 in men and 33.9% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.12 in women). Conclusions Sex, age, ethnicity, and education were significant determinants of alcohol and marijuana use.

scholarly journals Validación de un test para determinar el sesgo atencional en pacientes dependientes de alcohol

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez ◽  
Rafael Quinto-Guillen ◽  
Josefa Pérez-Lucas ◽  
Rosa Jurado-Barba ◽  
Isabel Martínez-Grass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Interference Effects

Attention bias for alcohol has proved useful to distinguish people with a pathological consumption of people who do not, and dependents who are more likely to fall in consumption. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test, designed to evaluate attention biases for alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients. The sample was composed by 173 participants divided into 2 groups: 1) “Patients” (<em>n = </em>88) meeting criteria for alcohol dependence; and 2) “Control” (<em>n = </em>85) having a low risk for alcohol consumption, that completed the Stroop color naming Task (Classic Stroop), the Neutral Stroop test and the alcohol Stroop test. Statistically significant differences were found in the interference effects calculated for the Classic and Alcohol Stroop tests. Patients compared to control participants showed a higher interference effect for alcohol-related stimuli than for neutral stimuli. These effects were accounted by an attention bias for alcohol-related information in patients. ROC curves were calculated for the three interference effects, showing an area under the curve statistically significant in the Classic Stroop interference and the Alcohol Stroop interference. This study provides the validation of the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test that allows to evaluate attention biases for alcohol stimuli in individuals with both pathologic alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence.

scholarly journals REGIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOLIC DEPENDENCE SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Raisa Ya. Khamitova ◽  
D. V. Loskutov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Introduction. There are variable patterns of alcohol consumption in Russia that differ significantly between the regions. Awareness and knowledge of those regional differences are key to the effectiveness of measures to prevent and minimise possible damage to public health caused by alcohol consumption. The purpose. To identify regional characteristics of the dynamics of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis and dependencies with indicators of the implementation and consumption of alcohol in Mari El in 2006-2017. Material and methods. In a retrospective analysis, they included state statistics and bulletins of the Office of Rospotrebnadzor on RME on the primary incidence and prevalence of alcohol dependence syndrome, chronic alcoholism, AP, acute alcohol poisoning, sales of alcohol through a distribution network in 2006-2017. Results. In the reported period of 2006-2017 there was a decline in determination coefficient (R2) from 0.76 to 0.96 for newly diagnosed cases of alcohol dependence in general, alcoholic psychosis and alcoholism in Mari El. There was a significant decline from 221.6 to 47.5 per 100 thousand in the range of values between regions, but higher rates remained among the rural and urban areas (p = 0.0002). The dynamics of the prevalence of alcoholic psychotic disorders and alcoholism were also on decline. Conclusion. The direction and extent of changes in the medical consequences of alcohol consumption (such as primary morbidity and prevalence of alcohol dependence syndrome, alcoholic psychosis and alcoholism, average duration of the course, number of alcoholic psychosis) in the region and indicators of the implementation and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the reported period can be evaluated as positive. It is crucial to ensure the positive trend in the alcohol consumption pattern and impact on public health in the region becomes a long-lasting one. At the same time, it is necessary to increase attention to the assistance and treatment provided to drug users patient.

scholarly journals Alcohol and cannabis use in Norway during the period 1995-2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin K. Bye ◽  
Ståle Østhus
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Drinking Frequency

<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: x-small;"><p>The description of alcohol and cannabis use in the period 1995-2009 is based on data from five sets of surveys. Sales figures for alcohol consumption are also included. Alcohol sales in Norway increased by 40 per cent during the period 1995-2009, from 4.8 to 6.7 litres of pure alcohol per inhabitant aged 15 years and over. This increase largely reflects a sharp increase in the sale of wine. Also when taking into account unregistered alcohol consumption, the consumption of alcohol increased considerably in Norway during the period in question. The increased alcohol consumption seems to be due to an increase in moderate alcohol consumers and/or an increase in situations involving moderate alcohol consumption. Population surveys indicate that there has been an increase in the proportion who drink alcohol and in the proportion of people who drink relatively often, but the increased drinking frequency is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the proportion who often drink until they are intoxicated. On average, men drink more often and greater quantities than women, with the exception of wine. The proportion who drink alcohol at least twice a month or more has increased in all age groups, and the increase has been particularly marked among those above the age of 50. Despite a reduction in consumption among young people in recent years, consumption and drinking until intoxicated are still widespread. Young girls drink alcohol as often as boys and are equally often intoxicated. As for cannabis, there was an increase in the age group 15-20 years in the second half of the 1990s, followed by a decrease and stagnation since the turn of the millennium. There was little or no difference between boys and girls in the 15-20 age group in the use of cannabis, while among young adults, far more men than women reported that they had used cannabis</p></span></span>

Disulfiram-induced epileptic seizures

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e236296
Author(s):  
Violeta Nogueira ◽  
Mafalda Azevedo Mendes ◽  
Inês Pereira ◽  
Joana Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Clonic Seizures

Disulfiram has been widely used for over six decades in the treatment of alcohol dependence, as an aversive therapeutic agent. Despite having very few side effects when taken without concurrent alcohol consumption, some of these may underlie serious clinical complications. Epileptic seizure induction is a rare adverse effect of disulfiram and its aetiological mechanism is unknown. We present a hospitalised 47-year-old male patient with two episodes of generalised tonic-clonic seizures during treatment with disulfiram while abstinent from alcohol.

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