scholarly journals Measuring Management Training Needs of Hospital Managers in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (186) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Chadwell ◽  
R Bhitrakoti ◽  
R Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Management Competency

Introduction: This is a study of hospital managers in Nepal, measuring their reported capability to undertake management tasks and explore their views about management development.  Methods: A questionnaire was administered through hospitals. Respondents were asked to rate a series of management tasks on a scale according to how important it was, for their role and their capability to perform it. These tasks were grouped into different factors. The sample included government hospital of each district and major private or hospitals run bu non-government organizations.  Results: A total of 31 hospitals were visited in 18 districts. Information was obtained from 103 managers from different professions. In most hospitals visited, overall management was provided by the doctors. Few had undergone some training to take on management responsibilities. All types of managers, regardless of profession or type of hospital, reported a ‘competence gap’for each factor defi ned as the difference between reported importance and capability. Non-government managers consistently rated themselves as beingmore capable than government managers, but the difference was only signifi cant when it concerned managing People. The need for a separate cadre of managers was supported by 85% of respondents but a majority of doctors (57%) felt that the best people to manage hospitals were doctors.  Conclusions: Consistent with other studies from low income countries, there is an urgent need to provide different modalities of management developmentenabling hospital managers to improve their capabilities. There is widespread need of management training to be made available in Nepal.  Keywords: hospital management, management competency, management training needs.

scholarly journals Pediatric neurosurgical workforce, access to care, equipment and training needs worldwide

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Dewan ◽  
Ronnie E. Baticulon ◽  
Abbas Rattani ◽  
James M. Johnston ◽  
Benjamin C. Warf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Surgical Workforce ◽  
And Training

OBJECTIVEThe presence and capability of existing pediatric neurosurgical care worldwide is unknown. The objective of this study was to solicit the expertise of specialists to quantify the geographic representation of pediatric neurosurgeons, access to specialist care, and equipment and training needs globally.METHODSA mixed-question survey was sent to surgeon members of several international neurosurgical and general pediatric surgical societies via a web-based platform. Respondents answered questions on 5 categories: surgeon demographics and training, hospital and practice details, surgical workforce and access to neurosurgical care, training and equipment needs, and desire for international collaboration. Responses were anonymized and analyzed using Stata software.RESULTSA total of 459 surgeons from 76 countries responded. Pediatric neurosurgeons in high-income and upper-middle-income countries underwent formal pediatric training at a greater rate than surgeons in low- and lower-middle-income countries (89.5% vs 54.4%). There are an estimated 2297 pediatric neurosurgeons in practice globally, with 85.6% operating in high-income and upper-middle-income countries. In low- and lower-middle-income countries, roughly 330 pediatric neurosurgeons care for a total child population of 1.2 billion. In low-income countries in Africa, the density of pediatric neurosurgeons is roughly 1 per 30 million children. A higher proportion of patients in low- and lower-middle-income countries must travel > 2 hours to seek emergency neurosurgical care, relative to high-income countries (75.6% vs 33.6%, p < 0.001). Vast basic and essential training and equipment needs exist, particularly low- and lower-middle-income countries within Africa, South America, the Eastern Mediterranean, and South-East Asia. Eighty-nine percent of respondents demonstrated an interest in international collaboration for the purposes of pediatric neurosurgical capacity building.CONCLUSIONSWide disparity in the access to pediatric neurosurgical care exists globally. In low- and lower-middle-income countries, wherein there exists the greatest burden of pediatric neurosurgical disease, there is a grossly insufficient presence of capable providers and equipped facilities. Neurosurgeons across income groups and geographic regions share a desire for collaboration and partnership.

scholarly journals Imperialismo en el siglo XXI

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
John Smith ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
The North ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Economic Foundation ◽  
The Difference

The globalization of production and its spread to low-income countries is the most notable transformation of the neoliberal era. Its driving force is the efforts by companies in Europe, North America and Japan to cut costs and raise profits, replacing relatively well-paid domestic labor for cheaper foreign labor. The gap in global wages, in great part the result of the suppression of the free movement of labor, provides a distorted view of the global differences in the rate of exploitation (simply, the difference between the value generated by the workers and what they are paid) upon which profits, prosperity and social peace in Europe, North America and Japan are ever-more reliant. Thus, neoliberal globalization should be seen as a new imperialist stage in capitalist development, where «imperialism» is defined by its economic foundation: the exploitation of labor in the South by capitalists from the North.

IPRs and Innovation, Technology Transfer, and Economic Welfare

2020 ◽  
pp. 1536-1568
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Gil ◽  
Luis Angel Madrid ◽  
Carlos Hernán Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dissemination Of Technology

The TRIPS agreement states that Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation, economic welfare, and to the transfer and dissemination of technology. However, there is still no consensus on whether IPRs protection has achieved its goal. Thus, the chapter provides a discussion on how the impact of IPRs on innovation, technology transfer, and economic welfare is affected by the difference in the income level of the countries. The results suggest that in high-income and upper middle-income countries, IPRs have a positive impact in these variables. Nevertheless, it seems that in lower middle-income and low-income countries, IPRs have not increased innovation, spurred transfer of technology. or created economic welfare.

Assessing the Training Needs of High-Potential Managers

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. David Patton ◽  
Connie Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
State Government ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Training Needs Assessment

Two important issues prompting the creation of comprehensive management development programs in state government are the promotion of technically competent employees to supervisory positions who have not been prepared to manage, and the impending loss of state managers to retirement and the need for succession planning. With these issues in mind, training needs assessment (TNA) is necessary to understand both the needs of the organization for competent managers and of the individuals who are to be prepared to manage in state government. In this case study, we review the advantages and disadvantages of various TNA techniques and select focus groups to conduct the training needs assessment for a comprehensive management development program. Through several focus group sessions, the perspective of practicing managers was solicited for management training needs throughout the state. Alternatives were widely discussed and a synergy of ideas created through the group discussion format. State managers became more informed about the plan for management development and support for the concept was generated among important stakeholders. State managers clearly wanted training that would be immediately applicable to their job duties and wanted the training delivered in a way that is conducive to adult learning. We found that managers are most concerned with effectively performing their roles and responsibilities as managers, and that they must demonstrate leadership and human relations skills in the performance of their responsibilities.

scholarly journals Developing senior hospital managers: does ‘one size fit all’? – evidence from the evolving Chinese Health System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanming Liang ◽  
Peter F Howard ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Mei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Competency Assessment ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Management Competency

Abstract Background: To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of health service provision in China, the National Health Commission has emphasised that training of all health service managers is essential. However, the implementation of that policy has proven challenging for various reasons, one of which is the lack of understanding of the competency requirements and gaps. The aims of the study were to develop an understanding of the characteristics and training experience of hospital managers in one major Chinese city, explore the difficulties they experience and relate them to their perceived importance of management competencies and the perceived level of their management competency. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a three-component survey including the use of a validated management competency assessment tool was conducted with three senior executive groups (n=498) from three categories of hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Results: The survey confirmed that formal and informal management training amongst participants before commencing their management positions was inadequate. The core competencies identified in the Australia context were applicable to the management roles in Chinese hospitals. In addition. the senior executives had low levels of confidence in their management competence. Furthermore, the data showed significant differences between hospital categories and management levels in terms of their commitment to formal and informal training and self-perceived management competence. Conclusions: The study suggests that management training and support should be provided using a systematic approach with specific consideration to hospital types and management levels and positions. Such an approach should include clear competency requirements to guide management position recruitment and performance management.

scholarly journals Does BCG protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection ?: elements of proof

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Ouanes ◽  
Mokhtar Bibi ◽  
Nesrine Baradai ◽  
Marouane Boukhris ◽  
Kays Chaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Immunization Policy ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are several factors explaining the difference in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection including the BCG vaccination. This fact is supported by the concept of beneficial non specific effect of this live vaccine associated to its interaction with the immune system.Our study aims to identify the correlation between the universal BCG vaccination policy and the mortality attributed to COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted an epidemiological study in which we collected COVID-19 pandemic data of April 11th, 2020 from the web site worldometers.info. The exclusion criteria for our study were a number of inhabitants less than one million, low-income countries according to the World Bank classification, a total number of infection cases less than 500 and countries that have performed less than one hundred tests per million inhabitants.ResultsCountries that never had universal BCG vaccination policy have a higher mortality (correlated to performed diagnostic tests) attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection (p<0.001).We found that the year of introduction of vaccination influenced significantly the mortality. Countries that started immunization policy before 1960 had more favorable results (p=0.049).For countries that started the BCG vaccination after 1960, countries with current policies have lower mortality attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection than countries that have stopped immunization (p=0.047).ConclusionsCountries that have a BCG vaccination policy have a lower mortality attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The populations of countries that applied this immunization before 1960 are more protected even if this universal policy has been interrupted.

IPRs and Innovation, Technology Transfer, and Economic Welfare

2017 ◽  
pp. 91-131
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Gil ◽  
Luis Angel Madrid ◽  
Carlos Hernán Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dissemination Of Technology

The TRIPS agreement states that Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation, economic welfare, and to the transfer and dissemination of technology. However, there is still no consensus on whether IPRs protection has achieved its goal. Thus, the chapter provides a discussion on how the impact of IPRs on innovation, technology transfer, and economic welfare is affected by the difference in the income level of the countries. The results suggest that in high-income and upper middle-income countries, IPRs have a positive impact in these variables. Nevertheless, it seems that in lower middle-income and low-income countries, IPRs have not increased innovation, spurred transfer of technology. or created economic welfare.

scholarly journals Developing senior hospital managers: does ‘one size fit all’? – evidence from the evolving Chinese Health System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanming Liang ◽  
Peter F Howard ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Mei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Competency Assessment ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Management Competency

Abstract Background: To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of health service provision in China, the National Health Commission has emphasised that training of all health service managers is essential. However, the implementation of that policy has proven challenging for various reasons, one of which is the lack of understanding of the competency requirements and gaps. The aims of the study were to develop an understanding of the characteristics and training experience of hospital managers in one major Chinese city, explore the difficulties they experience and relate them to their perceived importance of management competencies and the perceived level of their management competency. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a three-component survey including the use of a validated management competency assessment tool was conducted with three senior executive groups (n=498) from three categories of hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Results: The survey confirmed that formal and informal management training amongst participants before commencing their management positions was inadequate. The core competencies identified in the Australia context were applicable to the management roles in Chinese hospitals. In addition. the senior executives had low levels of confidence in their management competence. Furthermore, the data showed significant differences between hospital categories and management levels in terms of their commitment to formal and informal training and self-perceived management competence. Conclusions: The study suggests that management training and support should be provided using a systematic approach with specific consideration to hospital types and management levels and positions. Such an approach should include clear competency requirements to guide management position recruitment and performance management.

scholarly journals Blood pressure measurements with the OptiBP smartphone app validated against reference auscultatory measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schoettker ◽  
Jean Degott ◽  
Gregory Hofmann ◽  
Martin Proença ◽  
Guillaume Bonnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Pulse Waves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cuffless Blood Pressure

Abstract Mobile health diagnostics have been shown to be effective and scalable for chronic disease detection and management. By maximizing the smartphones’ optics and computational power, they could allow assessment of physiological information from the morphology of pulse waves and thus estimate cuffless blood pressure (BP). We trained the parameters of an existing pulse wave analysis algorithm (oBPM), previously validated in anaesthesia on pulse oximeter signals, by collecting optical signals from 51 patients fingertips via a smartphone while simultaneously acquiring BP measurements through an arterial catheter. We then compared smartphone-based measurements obtained on 50 participants in an ambulatory setting via the OptiBP app against simultaneously acquired auscultatory systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) measurements. Patients were normotensive (70.0% for SBP versus 61.4% for DBP), hypertensive (17.1% vs. 13.6%) or hypotensive (12.9% vs. 25.0%). The difference in BP (mean ± standard deviation) between both methods were within the ISO 81,060–2:2018 standard for SBP (− 0.7 ± 7.7 mmHg), DBP (− 0.4 ± 4.5 mmHg) and MBP (− 0.6 ± 5.2 mmHg). These results demonstrate that BP can be measured with accuracy at the finger using the OptiBP smartphone app. This may become an important tool to detect hypertension in various settings, for example in low-income countries, where the availability of smartphones is high but access to health care is low.

Three Cases of Joubert Syndrome in a Consanguineous Syrian Family and a Interesting Case of Multinational Collaboration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Petrović ◽  
Vida Čulić ◽  
Zofia Swinderek-Alsayed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Motor Apraxia

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare congenital, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive brain malformation, developmental delay, ocular motor apraxia, breathing abnormalities, and high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We are reporting three siblings with JS from consanguineous parents in Syria. Two of them had the same homozygous c.2172delA (p.Trp725Glyfs*) AHI1 mutation and the third was diagnosed prenatally with magnetic resonance imaging. This pathogenic variant is very rare and described in only a few cases in the literature. Multinational collaboration could be of benefit for the patients from undeveloped, low-income countries that have a low-quality health care system, especially for the diagnosis of rare diseases.

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