<i>Soviet Women and Civil Defense Training in the 1930s</i>

Introduction. During the training of emergency specialists, the development of a clear, structured thinking is important. And the mathematical disciplines themselves are aimed at activating the intellectual activity of cadets and students, the ability to think logically, consistently, and reasonably. However, cadets and students consider mathematics to be a complex, inaccessible and not very necessary science. Therefore, there is a need for continuous, continuous development of methods, technologies of forms of training that would increase interest, accessibility to mathematical disciplines and at the same time, were aimed at improving the quality of training of future rescuers. Purpose. Identify the main stages of teaching higher mathematics for future civil defense specialists and substantiate their peculiarities. Methods. The article used methods of scientific knowledge (general), methods used in the empirical and theoretical levels of research (transition from abstract to specific). Results. The basic stages of teaching higher mathematics for future specialists of civil defense are determined: motivation, research, assimilation, application. The proposed stages are analyzed in detail. The regularities that contribute to the increase of motivation (selection of educational material, system approach, creative approach, a variety of forms and methods of teaching, taking into account the specifics of the future profession, the use of innovative teaching technologies) are highlighted. There are three phases of knowledge (curiosity, curiosity, theoretical knowledge). It is determined that for the acquisition of knowledge it is possible to use the information - search type of classes with its microstructure. Planning the microstructure of occupations in the first place should put the level of cognitive activity, awareness and independence in the performance of educational tasks. It is noted that the process of assimilation is the process of internalization of knowledge, putting it into the inner plan of man, and the application is to extraorise knowledge, make it to the outline of human activity. It was investigated that the stage of application of knowledge is divided into two parts (the first is the application of knowledge, skills in standard terms, the second - the transfer of knowledge, skills, skills in new, changed conditions). Examples of applied tasks that can be solved in higher mathematics classes are given. It is substantiated that only in combination of all stages is formed the need for knowledge acquisition and their application. Conclusion. Stages of teaching higher mathematics - a cyclical process that requires constant improvement, hard work of the teacher. Stages of motivation and application combine the same laws (selection of educational material, creative approach, taking into account the specifics of the future profession, the use of innovative teaching technologies). And only in a logical, thought-out combination of these stages can one form the future need for civil protection specialists to expand the knowledge and apply it to practical application.

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BKR (BADAN KEAMANAN RAKYAT): Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?

Metahumaniora ◽

10.24198/metahumaniora.v8i3.20718 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Widyo Nugrahanto

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

Civil Defense ◽

The Other ◽

Main Subject ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

Historical Method ◽

New Interpretation

AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul BKR (Badan Kemanan Rakyat):Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?!. Penelitian ini merupakan interpretasi baru tentang cikal bakal TNI, yang umumnya banyak merujuk pada PETA (Pembela Tanah Air). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Sejarah.Metode Sejarah memiliki empat tahapan yaitu Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi dan Historiografi.Sumber-sumber penelitian ini menggunakan koran-koran sezaman, majalah sezaman, dan buku. BKR dianggap sebagai cikal bakal TNI didasarkan beberapa sebab. Pertama, atas dasar legalitas formal, PETA telah dibubarkan sehingga BKR adalah satuan militer yang pertama kali dibentuk setelah Indonesia merdeka. BKR selanjutnya melahirkan pembentukan TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), TKR (Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat), TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) dan TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia). Kedua, jika PETA dianggap sebagai cikal bakal TNI, maka KNIL dan beberapa satuan keprajuritan diabaikan. Padahal, beberapa bekas perwira KNIL memiliki peran penting di tubuh BKR hingga TNI.Kata kunci: BKR, Tentara, TNIAbstractThe main subject this study is BKR – Indonesian civil defense corps – as origin of Indonesian Military. This study is new interpretation about the origin of TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces) now. Many opinion refer to PETA as civil defense corps in Japanese occupation era. Study emlpoys a Historical Method, which consists of four stage: Heuristic, Critic, Interpretation, Historiography. The study utilize some sources such as newspaper, magazine, and book. Main finding of this study is PETA had dispersed as legality and formally and BKR was formed as the firts corps after Independence of Indonesia. Futhermore, BKR changed to TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), TKR (Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat), TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) until TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia). If PETA is considered as origins of Indonesian Military, then it ignore KNIL – a colonial armed forces – and the other defence corps. Even though the eks KNIL’s officer have important role in military managenment of BKR until TNI.Keywords: BKR, Military, TNI

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BKR (BADAN KEAMANAN RAKYAT): Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?

Metahumaniora ◽

10.24198/mh.v8i3.20718 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Widyo Nugrahanto

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

Civil Defense ◽

The Other ◽

Main Subject ◽

Japanese Occupation ◽

Historical Method ◽

New Interpretation

AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul BKR (Badan Kemanan Rakyat):Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?!. Penelitian ini merupakan interpretasi baru tentang cikal bakal TNI, yang umumnya banyak merujuk pada PETA (Pembela Tanah Air). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Sejarah.Metode Sejarah memiliki empat tahapan yaitu Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi dan Historiografi.Sumber-sumber penelitian ini menggunakan koran-koran sezaman, majalah sezaman, dan buku. BKR dianggap sebagai cikal bakal TNI didasarkan beberapa sebab. Pertama, atas dasar legalitas formal, PETA telah dibubarkan sehingga BKR adalah satuan militer yang pertama kali dibentuk setelah Indonesia merdeka. BKR selanjutnya melahirkan pembentukan TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), TKR (Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat), TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) dan TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia). Kedua, jika PETA dianggap sebagai cikal bakal TNI, maka KNIL dan beberapa satuan keprajuritan diabaikan. Padahal, beberapa bekas perwira KNIL memiliki peran penting di tubuh BKR hingga TNI.Kata kunci: BKR, Tentara, TNIAbstractThe main subject this study is BKR – Indonesian civil defense corps – as origin of Indonesian Military. This study is new interpretation about the origin of TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces) now. Many opinion refer to PETA as civil defense corps in Japanese occupation era. Study emlpoys a Historical Method, which consists of four stage: Heuristic, Critic, Interpretation, Historiography. The study utilize some sources such as newspaper, magazine, and book. Main finding of this study is PETA had dispersed as legality and formally and BKR was formed as the firts corps after Independence of Indonesia. Futhermore, BKR changed to TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), TKR (Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat), TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) until TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia). If PETA is considered as origins of Indonesian Military, then it ignore KNIL – a colonial armed forces – and the other defence corps. Even though the eks KNIL’s officer have important role in military managenment of BKR until TNI.Keywords: BKR, Military, TNI

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Britain Can Take It: Civil Defense and Chemical Warfare in Great Britain, 1915-1945

10.25148/etd.fidc006585 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jordan I Malfoy

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Chemical Warfare ◽

Civil Defense

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Infrared and Visible—Near Infrared Electroluminescence Developments for FA in AlGaN/GaN HEMTS on SiC

ISTFA 2010: Conference Proceedings from the 36th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2010p0393 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

M. Bouya ◽

D. Carisetti ◽

J.C. Clement ◽

N. Malbert ◽

N. Labat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Failure Analysis ◽

Near Infrared ◽

High Electron Mobility Transistor ◽

Low Noise ◽

Civil Defense ◽

Base Stations ◽

Infrared Range ◽

High Electron ◽

Radar Applications ◽

Gan Hemts

Abstract HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) are playing a key role for power and RF low noise applications. They are crucial components for the development of base stations in the telecommunications networks and for civil, defense and space radar applications. As well as the improvement of the MMIC performances, the localization of the defects and the failure analysis of these devices are very challenging. To face these challenges, we have developed a complete approach, without degrading the component, based on front side failure analysis by standard (Visible-NIR) and Infrared (range of wavelength: 3-5 µm) electroluminescence techniques. Its complementarities and efficiency have been demonstrated through two case studies.

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