scholarly journals Dynamic orthotic cranioplasty: treatment of the older infant.

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Littlefield ◽  
Jeanne K. Pomatto ◽  
Kevin M. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Orthotic Device ◽  
Cranial Growth

The Dynamic Orthotic Cranioplasty Band is a cranial orthotic device used to treat deformational plagiocephaly in infants. The device works by applying a mild holding pressure to the most anterior and posterior prominences, where growth is not desired, while encouraging growth in adjacent flattened regions. Although this technique has been successfully used to treat infants as young as 3 months of age, it is often assumed that decreasing cranial growth and increasing cranial rigidity prohibit treatment in infants older than 1 year of age. The authors' experience with older infants suggests the contrary. Through a series of case reports, they present evidence that this treatment remains viable during the 2nd year of life and that improvement has been observed in infants in whom treatment has been initiated as late as 18 months. These examples certainly suggest that additional prospective studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitors do not increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhav Desai ◽  
Venkat Nutalapati ◽  
Sachin Srinivasan ◽  
Jihan Fathallah ◽  
Chandra Dasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Meta Regression

SUMMARY Published studies have reported variable results on the association between duration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of dementia. An extensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane for studies examining the risk of cognitive decline and dementia among PPI users versus non-PPI users in prospective studies. Retrospective database linkage studies, case reports, case series, editorials, uncontrolled cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and review articles were excluded. Primary outcome was pooled hazard rate (HR) of any dementia among PPI users compared with non-PPI users. Secondary outcomes were pooled HR of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and risk with long-term PPI follow-up (more than 5 years) studies. Meta-analysis outcomes, heterogeneity (I2), and meta-regression (for the effect of covariates) were derived by statistical software R and Open meta-analyst. A total of six studies (one RCT and five prospective) with 308249 subjects, average age of 75.8 ± 5.2 years, and follow-up of 5 (range 1.5–11) years were included in the analysis. Pooled HR of any dementia was 1.16 (n = 6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86–1.47). Results remained unchanged when only studies with long-term PPI use (more than 5 years) were analyzed (n = 4, pooled HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.66–1.53). Finally, the pooled HR for AD was 1.06 (n = 3, 95% CI 0.70–1.41). There was substantial heterogeneity among inclusion studies (I2 = 93%). Meta-regression did not demonstrate a significant role of age at study start (P = 0.1) or duration of PPI use (P = 0.62) to incident dementia. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis do not show a significant relationship between PPI use and dementia in prospective studies with at least a 5-year follow-up.

Neuroendocrine bladder cancer: oncological emergency?

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fiorito ◽  
I. Lucca ◽  
M. Oderda ◽  
P. Mondino ◽  
G. Berta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Oncological Emergency ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Neuroendocrine bladder cancer is extremely rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.5%- 0.7%. In bladder cancers there is no evident connection between the neuroendocrine phenotypic expression and the clinical history. However, prognosis is usually poor and the survival rate at 5 years does not exceed 8%, if untreated. Methods. We are here describing three case reports of bladder carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, which is extremely aggressive and leads rapidly to death. At the present time, the local control of these tumors is achieved by radical cystectomy and radiotherapy; they can be both associated to chemotherapy. However, since these lesions are fairly rare, there is no gold standard therapy and there are no prospective studies on the management of these tumors. Conclusions. Considering the quick evolution and progression of any variant of the neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder, urologists and anesthetists should see them as real oncological emergencies. A prompt intervention through radical surgery with cystectomy and linfadenectomia, and the anathomo-pathologist's systematic investigation of the scraps could make the approach therapeutic and not only palliative. Prospective studies on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy as well as experimental studies about target therapies may yield new guidelines on the tumor management.

scholarly journals Depressogenic effects of medications: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Interferon Alpha ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk For Depression

The literature is filled with reports that link medications with the onset or progression of depression. Because depression is so common in patients with medical illness, assessing whether a medication has in fact caused depression, or whether the relationship is coincidental, can be challenging. In this article, we review the literature on the association between medications and depression. For most agents, there are case reports or small studies linking the medication with the onset of depression, but more rigorous prospective studies are either lacking or found no association between the agent and depression. However, several medications, (eg, barbiturates, vigabatrin, topiramate, flunarizine, corticosteroids, mefloquine, efavirenz, and interferon-alpha) do appear to cause depression in some patients and should be used with caution in patients at risk for depression.

A New Protective Soft Splint for Contact Sports

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bouvette ◽  
Gerard A. Malanga ◽  
William P. Cooney ◽  
Michael J. Stuart ◽  
Richard W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Orthotic Device

Athletes who sustain metacarpal injuries such as nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures or metacarpophalangeal dislocation have benefited from the use of a newly developed Plastizote hand/wrist orthotic device. This orthosis allows appropriate immobilization as well as early, safe, and effective return to contact sports during the healing process. Three case reports are presented along with applications and methods for fabricating this lightweight splint.

scholarly journals Point-of-care lung ultrasound for the assessment of pneumonia: a narrative review in the COVID-19 era

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Toru Kameda ◽  
Yoshihiro Mizuma ◽  
Hayato Taniguchi ◽  
Masato Fujita ◽  
Nobuyuki Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Short Period ◽  
B Lines

AbstractIn the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) era, point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) has attracted increased attention. Prospective studies on LUS for the assessment of pneumonia in adult patients were extensively carried out for more than 10 years before this era. None of these prospective studies attempted to differentiate bacterial and viral pneumonia in adult patients using LUS. The majority of studies considered the LUS examination to be positive if sonographic consolidations or multiple B-lines were observed. Significant differences existed in the accuracy of these studies. Some studies revealed that LUS showed superior sensitivity to chest X-ray. These results indicate that point-of-care LUS has the potential to be an initial imaging modality for the diagnosis of pneumonia. The LUS diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units is more challenging in comparison with the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in emergency departments due to the limited access to the mechanically ventilated patients and the high prevalence of atelectasis. However, several studies have demonstrated that the combination of LUS findings with other clinical markers improved the diagnostic accuracy. In the COVID-19 era, many case reports and small observational studies on COVID-19 pneumonia have been published in a short period. Multiple B-lines were the most common and consistent finding in COVID-19 pneumonia. Serial LUS showed the deterioration of the disease. The knowledge and ideas on the application of LUS in the management of pneumonia that are expected to accumulate in the COVID-19 era may provide us with clues regarding more appropriate management.

scholarly journals Assessing calvarial vault constriction associated with helmet therapy in deformational plagiocephaly

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Peterson ◽  
Kamlesh B. Patel ◽  
Gary B. Skolnick ◽  
Kristin D. Pfeifauf ◽  
Katelyn N. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Patient Positioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Cranial Growth ◽  
Helmet Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVEDeformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (DPB) is a cranial flattening frequently treated in pediatric craniofacial centers. The standard of care for DPB involves patient positioning or helmet therapy. Orthotic therapy successfully reduces cranial asymmetry, but there is concern over whether the orthotics have the potential to restrict cranial growth. Previous research addressing helmet safety was limited by lack of volume measurements and serial data. The purpose of this study was to directly compare head growth data in patients with DPB between those who underwent helmet therapy and those who received repositioning therapy.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study analyzed pre- and posttherapy 3D photographs of 57 patients with DPB who had helmet therapy and a control group of 57 patients with DPB who underwent repositioning therapy. The authors determined the change in cranial vault volume and cranial circumference between each patient’s photographs using 3D photogrammetry. They also computed a cubic volume calculated by multiplying anterior-posterior diameter, biparietal diameter, and height. Linear regressions were used to quantify effects of age and therapy type on these quantities.RESULTSA comparison of the following variables between the two groups yielded nonsignificant results: age at the beginning (p = 0.861) and end (p = 0.539) of therapy, therapy duration (p = 0.161), and the ratio of males to females (p = 0.689). There was no significant difference between patients who underwent helmeting versus positioning therapy with respect to change in either volume calculation or head circumference z-score (p ≥ 0.545). Pretherapy photograph age was a significant predictor of cranial growth (p ≤ 0.001), but therapy type was not predictive of the change in the study measurements (p ≤ 0.210).CONCLUSIONSThe authors found no evidence that helmet therapy was associated with cranial constriction in the study population of patients with DPB. These results strengthen previous research supporting helmet safety and should allow health care providers and families to choose the appropriate therapy without concern for potential negative effects on cranial growth.

Cranial Growth Unrestricted during Treatment of Deformational Plagiocephaly

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Kelly ◽  
Timothy R. Littlefield ◽  
Jeanne K. Pomatto ◽  
Kim H. Manwaring ◽  
Stephen P. Beals
Keyword(s):  
Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽  
Cranial Growth

scholarly journals Clinical results of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) specific PET for non-malignant indications: systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Windisch ◽  
Daniel R. Zwahlen ◽  
Frederik L. Giesel ◽  
Eberhard Scholz ◽  
Patrick Lugenbiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Fibroblast Activation Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Fibroblast Activation ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Purpose Small molecules targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) have emerged as a new group of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) in 2018. While most of the existing literature has been focussed on the application of FAP-specific PET in various kinds of cancers, some researchers have, both intentionally or unintentionally, used FAP-specific PET in patients with non-cancerous diseases. The purpose of this systematic review is therefore to summarize the available evidence of FAP-specific PET for non-malignant indications. Methods The MEDLINE database was searched for studies presenting the clinical use of FAP-specific PET, the records were screened according to PRISMA guidelines and articles containing patients suffering from non-malignant diseases were included. Results Sixteen studies with 303 patients were included. FAP-specific PET has been used in cardiac imaging, IgG4-related disease, benign tumors as well as various kinds of inflammation. Two prospective studies on FAP-specific PET for IgG4-related disease show its potential to differentiate inflammatory from fibrotic lesions, which could be used to determine the management of these patients. Conclusion While publications on FAP-specific PET for non-malignant indications are mostly limited to case reports and incidental findings, the first retrospective and prospective studies present promising results for IgG4-related as well as cardiovascular disease that warrant further research. Several currently recruiting trials will add to the body evidence in the next few years.

scholarly journals Current Status of Photodynamic Diagnosis for Gastric Tumors

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kurumi ◽  
Tsutomu Kanda ◽  
Yuichiro Ikebuchi ◽  
Akira Yoshida ◽  
Koichiro Kawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Magnifying Endoscopy ◽  
Endoscopic Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Photodynamic Diagnosis ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Gastric Tumors

Although the recent development and widespread use of image-enhanced endoscopy and magnifying endoscopy have improved endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer, it is somewhat complicated, requires a higher level of expertise, and is still subjective. Photodynamic endoscopic diagnosis (PDED) is based on the fluorescence of photosensitizers that accumulate in tumors, which enables objective evaluation independent of the endoscopist’s experience, and is useful for tumor detection. The objective of this work was to perform a narrative review of PDED for gastric tumors and to introduce our approach to PDED in gastric tumors in our hospital. In our review there have been case reports of PDED for gastric cancer, but its usefulness has not been established because no prospective studies evaluating its usefulness have been performed. In our previous study, 85.7% (42/49) of gastric tumors exhibited fluorescence in PDED. PDED may be useful in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Our previous studies were pilot studies in cancer patients; therefore, future prospective studies are required to verify the usefulness of PDED.

scholarly journals Nephrotoxicity with Combination Vancomycin-Aminoglycoside Therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Timpe
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Vancomycin Therapy ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Aminoglycoside Therapy ◽  
Number Of Patients

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to review the medical literature regarding vancomycinaminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity in the pediatric population. METHODS MEDLINE (1966 through June 2005), EMBASE (1980 through 1st quarter 2005), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases were reviewed using appropriate search terms for articles related to nephrotoxicity with vancomycin and aminoglycoside use. Case reports, letters to editors, retrospective and prospective studies evaluating nephrotoxicity with the agents in pediatric patients were compiled and summarized. Studies in animals and adults were also briefly reviewed. RESULTS One case report, two letters to editors, one retrospective study, and two prospective studies evaluated the nephrotoxicity of combination aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy in pediatric patients. The collective number of patients in the reports was 165. Patients ranged in age from 3 days to 19 years old. Four out of the six reports, including all of the prospective studies, concluded that combination therapy does not potentiate nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Although vancomycin and the aminoglycosides have been associated with drug induced nephrotoxicity, reports in the literature do not appear to support the idea that the combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside is more nephrotoxic than either medication alone.

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