scholarly journals Bilateral frontal intracranial xanthoma associated with type II hyperlipidemia in a 42-year-old woman: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donny Argie ◽  
Christopher Lauren ◽  
Elric B. Malelak
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Bilateral Involvement ◽  
Yellow Color

BACKGROUND Xanthoma is a granulomatous lesion that develops from leakage of circulating serum lipoprotein into the surrounding tissue. An isolated intracranial xanthoma is rarely reported and usually misdiagnosed. Intracranial xanthoma is also rarely found in patients with hyperlipidemia. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous studies and literature have reported bilateral involvement of intracranial xanthoma in the frontal lobe. OBSERVATIONS The authors reported an unusual case of bilateral involvement of intracranial xanthoma in the frontal lobe with associated type II hyperlipidemia in a 42-year-old woman. Macroscopically, the tumor had an appearance of greyish-yellow color with a brittle, solid consistency. Histopathological examination revealed numerous lipid-laden macrophages surrounded by a cystic, necrotic, partially hemorrhagic area, with some parts consisting of hemosiderophages and proliferative capillary blood vessels. The histopathological findings indicated the characteristics of xanthoma. LESSONS Bilateral frontal intracranial xanthoma with associated type II hyperlipidemia is an unusual finding. Despite its rarity and wide variety of radiological presentations, it should be considered one of the differential diagnoses of lesions that develop intracranially and intraaxially. Confirmation with histopathological examination is needed to exclude from other differential diagnoses.

An unusual case of undescended testis: type II persistent Müllerian duct syndrome

Pathology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-336
Author(s):  
Wai Chee Lo ◽  
Kwok Leung Ng ◽  
Kam Chi Teresa Tsui ◽  
Wai Yan Candy Ng ◽  
Yuet Ping Liz Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Mullerian Duct ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Müllerian Duct ◽  
Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome ◽  
Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome ◽  
Duct Syndrome

scholarly journals Extra and intradural spinal Hemangioblastoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-244
Author(s):  
Marcelo Campos Moraes Amato ◽  
Caio César Marconato Simões Matias ◽  
João Alberto Assirati Junior ◽  
Aline Paixão Becker ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Carlotti Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
White Male ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Hemangioblastoma

Hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are low-grade highly vascularized tumors that may be sporadic or associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Extradural hemangioblastomas are uncommon and those located extra and intradurally are even rarer. This study uses an illustrative case and literature review to discuss the difficulties to consider the correct diagnosis and to select the best surgical approach. A 57 years-old white male patient presented with myelopathy and right C5 radiculopathy. The images showed a lobulated, hourglass shaped, highly enhanced extra/intradural lesion that occupied the spinal canal and widened the C4-C5 right intervertebral foramen. Total resection of the intradural lesion was achieved through a posterior approach, but the extradural part could only be partially removed. Complete improvement was observed after four months of follow-up and the residual tumor has been followed up clinically and radiologically. Even though the preoperative impression was of a spinal schwannoma, the histopathological examination revealed grade I hemangioblastoma as per WHO. Despite their rarity, current complementary exams allow considering the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma preoperatively. That is essential to a better surgical planning in view of the particular surgical features of this lesion.

scholarly journals Invasive nasal histiocytic sarcoma as a cause of temporal lobe epilepsy in a cat

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691881117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen M Santifort ◽  
Ben Jurgens ◽  
Guy CM Grinwis ◽  
Ingrid Gielen ◽  
Björn P Meij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Olfactory Neuroblastoma ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Tissue Mass

Case summary A 10-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with an acute onset of neurological signs suggestive of a right-sided forebrain lesion, temporal lobe epilepsy and generalised seizure activity. MRI of the head revealed an expansile soft tissue mass in the caudal nasal passages (both sides but predominantly right-sided) involving the ethmoid bone and extending through the cribriform plate into the cranial vault affecting predominantly the right frontal lobe and temporal lobe. Histopathological examination of the tumour revealed a histiocytic sarcoma. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cat with clinical signs of temporal lobe epilepsy due to an invasive, histiocytic sarcoma. Histiocytic sarcoma, although rare, should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for soft tissue masses extending through the cribriform plate. Other differential diagnoses are primary nasal neoplasia (eg, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, chondrosarcoma and other types of sarcomas), lymphoma and olfactory neuroblastoma. Temporal lobe epilepsy in cats can be the consequence of primary pathology of temporal lobe structures, or it can be a consequence of pathology with an effect on these structures (eg, mass effect or disruption of interconnecting neuronal pathways).

scholarly journals Unusual case report of an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in the mandible: 3-years of follow-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1276
Author(s):  
Jéssica Daniela Andreis ◽  
Dayane Jaqueline Gross ◽  
Amanda Regina Fischborn ◽  
Leomar Emanuel Almeida Mecca ◽  
Lea Rosa Chioca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lateral Incisor ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Tooth Retention ◽  
Unusual Case Report

This case report showed an AOT in a 12-year-old female patient referred for orthodontic-surgical of both impacted right mandibular canine and lateral incisor. Cone beam computed tomography revealed a well-defined mixed hyperdense/hypodense lesion, involving the crown of the mandibular lateral incisor. The surgery consisted in surgical exposure of the mandibular right canine and lateral incisor, bonding of the lateral incisor for orthodontic traction and curettage of the mandibular lesion. Histopathological examination revealed several columnar epithelial cells with minimal stromal connective tissue, lobular pattern and rosettes and duct-like structures, confirming the diagnosis of AOT. After, the patient was referred for orthodontic traction of the impacted teeth. At 1 and 3-year postoperatively, follow-ups examinations showed extensive bone repair, resolution of the tooth-retention and absence of recurrence. Although AOT is an uncommon lesion in the mandible, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the mixed profile lesions in this region.

scholarly journals Favorable outcome of repeat mechanical thrombectomy in a geriatric patient: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Alsarah ◽  
Omar M. Hussein ◽  
Andrew P. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Favorable Neurological Outcome

BACKGROUND The authors presented their experience with a case of repeat thrombectomy in a 93-year-old patient who showed a favorable outcome after recurrent large vessel occlusion treated with emergency mechanical thrombectomy. OBSERVATIONS Mechanical thrombectomy has been proven to be effective in treating large vessel occlusion types of ischemic stroke. Most of the patient populations involved in the thrombectomy-related studies were younger than 80 years. In addition, recurrent mechanical thrombectomy is not a common procedure in clinical practice. This unusual case demonstrated the potential to achieve a favorable outcome with thrombectomy even in a patient older than 85 years with recurrent large vessel occlusion. LESSONS There can be a favorable neurological outcome after one or repeat thrombectomies for geriatric patients older than 90 years, and age should not be a deterrent to treatment.

scholarly journals T-cell Lymphoma in the Nasal Cavity in Goat

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millena Oliveira Firmino ◽  
Ismael Lira Borges ◽  
Gian Libânio Da Silveira ◽  
Mikael Leandro Duarte De Lima Tolentino ◽  
Erika de Lourdes Gomes Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
The Right

Background: Lymphomas are considered uncommon in goats, being the multicentric form with the highest number of cases for the species. Primary intranasal lymphomas are often diagnosed in dogs, cats, and humans. In the literature, there is only a description of a multicentric case involving the frontal sinuses and mucosa of the nasal cavity in a goat; therefore, it is important to describe unusual cases of this disease for the inclusion of new clinical and pathological characteristics in the ruminant clinic medicine. The objective of this work is to describe a case of T-cell lymphoma in the nasal cavity of a young goat.Case: The animal had dyspnea and respiratory noise for 15 days. Clinical examination showed nodulation in the right nasal cavity associated with serosanguinous secretion. Tracheostomy was performed; however, after 30 days the animal was euthanized. A sagittal plane of the head showed a pinkish-gray mass in the right and left nasal cavity, with a smooth, multilobulated surface, smooth adhering to the rostral portion of the dorsal concha and occluding the dorsal nasal meatus. Submandibular lymph nodes were slightly enlarged. Histopathological examination of the nasal cavity revealed a non-encapsulated, poorly delimited and ulcerated tumor composed of round cells arranged in a mantle supported by a discrete fibrovascular stroma extending the mucosa and lamina propria. Cells were round with sparse, eosinophilic and poorly delimited cytoplasm. Nuclei varied from round to elongated with condensed chromatin and evident nucleoli. Occasionally, aberrant nuclei, reniform shape and multinucleated cells were seen. Pleomorphism was moderate characterized by anisocytosis and anisocariosis. Typical and atypical mitosis were frequent (0-4 per field of highest magnification [400x]). Amidst the neoplasm, there were multifocal areas of necrosis and hemorrhage associated with a mild lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemistry showed positive immunostaining for Vimentin antibodies and CD3, and negative for pan CK and CD20.Discussion: The lymphomas immunophenotyping is little used when it comes to farm animals, and there are few studies that use this technique for the definitive diagnosis of these neoplasms for small ruminants. The use of this technique must be considered in each case, in order to determine the pathogenesis, the accurate diagnosis and the origin of the neoplastic lymphocytes. In goats, T-cell lymphomas are the most diagnosed, although cases of multicentric B-cell lymphomas with ocular involvement have been diagnosed. In view of the clinical picture of the case described, infectious rhinitis already described in goats, such as aspergillosis and protothecosis, should be included as differential diagnoses. However, the anatomopathological findings facilitate the direction of the diagnosis, since infectious rhinitis presents as nodules / ulcerated masses or focal areas of necrosis associated with purulent secretion and in the histopathological examination it is possible to observe the intralesional etiological agents. In addition, the enzootic ethmoidal tumor must be included, as it has similar clinical signs and affects young animals, but they are adenomas/adenocarcinomas that affect the ethmoidal nasal shells induced by a retrovirus. Lymphomas in the caprine species are rare in the Northeastern semi-arid, but that in the present diagnostic routine occasionally occurs, being important the first description of its nasal shape for its inclusion in the differential diagnoses of diseases that present with clinical obstruction and dyspnea for the species. Keywords: hematopoietic neoplasia, immunophenotyping, lymphocytes, dyspnea.Descritores: neoplasia hematopoietica, imunofenotipagem, linfócitos, dispneia.Título: Linfoma de células T na cavidade nasal de caprino. 

Is the Concept of Frontal–Subcortical Dementia Relevant to Schizophrenia?

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Pantelis ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes ◽  
Hazel E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Subcortical Dementia

A syndrome of subcortical dementia has been described in conditions predominantly affecting the basal ganglia or thalamus, structures that have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. There are similarities between subcortical dementia and the type II syndrome of schizophrenia, in terms of clinical features, pattern of neuropsychological deficits, pathology, biochemistry and data from brain-imaging studies. These similarities raise the possibility that certain schizophrenic symptoms, particularly negative symptoms and disturbance of movement, may reflect subcortical pathology. Neuropsychological deficits of presumed frontal lobe origin have been reported in some schizophrenic subjects. The occurrence of such deficits in a condition in which frontal lobe pathology has not been clearly demonstrated may be explicable in terms of a subcortical deafferentation of the pre-frontal cortex.

Filamin-Associated Dysplasias/Dysostoses and Related Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 307-350
Author(s):  
Jürgen W. Spranger ◽  
Paula W. Brill ◽  
Christine Hall ◽  
Gen Nishimura ◽  
Andrea Superti-Furga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Type I ◽  
Syndrome Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Radiographic Features ◽  
Larsen Syndrome ◽  
Otopalatodigital Syndrome

This chapter discusses filamin-associated dysplasias/dysostoses and related disorders and includes discussion on otopalatodigital syndrome type 1, otopalatodigital syndrome type II, Melnick-Needles osteodysplasty, frontometaphyseal dysplasia, boomerang dysplasia/atelosteogenesis type I, atelosteogenesis type III, Larsen syndrome (autosomal dominant), spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome, and Frank-ter Haar syndrome. Each discussion includes major radiographic features, major clinical findings, genetics, major differential diagnoses, and a bibliography.

scholarly journals Seborrheic keratosis of the nasal tip-an unusual case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Dewan Mahmud Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Seborrheic Keratosis ◽  
Hyperkeratotic Lesion ◽  
Unusual Case Report ◽  
Skin Mucosa

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign tumour of skin, a common hyperkeratotic lesion of the epidermis,that usually occurs in the trunk and less frequently in the extremities, face and the scalp. A 65-year old farmer presented with a long standing, slowly growing, firm, redbrown, polypoidal mass about 2×2.5 cm in size, located at the skin mucosa interfare of the tip of nose. The lesion was excised under general anesthesia and histopathologic examination showed seborrheic keratosis. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical & histopathological examination. Here, we discuss the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, pathological diagnosis and management of such a case. There was no recurrence during a year follow-up.Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2015; 21(2): 119-121

scholarly journals Tophaceous gout of the spine: a neurosurgical standpoint

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Ferreira Lobão ◽  
Albedy Moreira Bastos ◽  
Rafael Brito Santos ◽  
Eduardo Anderson Duarte Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Tophaceous Gout ◽  
Case Methods ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective: The study aim is to present the clinical, radiological aspects and treatment of this disease from the neurosurgical standpoint using a literature review and an illustrative case. Methods: A PubMed research was done with the terms “tophaceous gout”, “spine”, and “diagnosis”. We reviewed these articles and compared it with an illustrative case here presented. Results: According to a research done, this is the fifty-second case of tophaceous gout of the spine described in the English literature. The case and literature review presented demonstrate the difficulty in diagnosis, especially when the patient has no previous history of gout. Conclusion: It is important to consider tophaceous gout of the spine among the differential diagnoses that occur in the spine. Clinical and neurosurgical treatment may be required considering each case.

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