scholarly journals Rapid resolution of a traumatic venous epidural hematoma in a 3-year-old child: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Wilhelmy ◽  
Tim Wende ◽  
Johannes Kasper ◽  
Maxime Ablefoni ◽  
Lena Marie Bode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Traumatic Head

BACKGROUND Posterior fossa epidural hematoma rarely occurs in children after traumatic head injury. There is ongoing discussion about appropriate treatment, yet the radiological features regarding the time to resorption of the hematoma or required follow-up imaging are rarely discussed. OBSERVATIONS The authors presented the case of a 3-year-old child who was under clinical observation and receiving analgetic and antiemetic treatment in whom near-complete hematoma resorption was shown by magnetic resonance imaging as soon as 60 hours after diagnosis. The child was neurologically stable at all times and showed no deficit after observational treatment. Hematoma resorption was much faster than expected. The authors discussed hematoma drainage via the sigmoid sinus. LESSONS Epidural hematomas in children can be treated conservatively and are resorbed in a timely manner.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Parietal Intradiploic Encephalocele—A Case Report and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (01) ◽  
pp. e40-e45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Shi ◽  
Bruno Flores ◽  
Stephen Fisher ◽  
Samuel Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Traumatic Head

AbstractEncephalocele is a rare condition that consists of herniation of cerebral matter through openings of dura and skull. A majority of encephaloceles are congenital and manifest in childhood. We present a case of a 45-year-old man presenting with contralateral hemiparesis and found to have an extremely rare phenomenon of a symptomatic posttraumatic parietal intradiploic encephalocele (IE) manifesting 36 years following pediatric traumatic head injury. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed herniation of brain tissue into the intradiploic space. Surgical treatment with reduction of the encephalocele achieved near resolution of preoperative hemiparesis on follow-up. The pathogenesis and a literature review of IE are discussed.

Hip screening in newborns in the UK: what are the latest guidelines?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ayla C Newton ◽  
Marion Bohatschek ◽  
Andreas Rehm ◽  
Elizabeth Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Developmental Dysplasia ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Uk

The Newborn and Infant Physical Examination screening is a national screening programme which aims to identify infants with congenital abnormalities to minimise the risk of long-term complications. It involves a top to toe examination with special focus on the heart, eyes, testes and hips. The hip component of the Newborn and Infant Physical Examination screen aims to pick up infants with developmental dysplasia of the hips and refer them for appropriate treatment in a timely manner. Guidelines for the hip section of have recently changed. This article reviews these changes, the timings of the follow up and investigations, and the diagnosis and management of developmental dysplasia of the hips.

Dandy-Walker Malformation Masking the Molar Tooth Sign: An Illustrative Case With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Follow-up

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1419-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Sartori ◽  
Kathrin Ludwig ◽  
Manuela Fortuna ◽  
Cinzia Marzocchi ◽  
Milena Calderone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Molar Tooth ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Molar Tooth Sign ◽  
Dandy Walker Malformation ◽  
Walker Malformation

scholarly journals Small epidural hematoma for surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
S. A. Elenany
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Glasgow Coma Score ◽  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Case ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Epidural hematoma (EDH) is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull. The most common cause is typically head injury. Diagnosis is typically by a computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging. If large EDH, treatment is generally by urgent surgery in the form of a craniotomy or burr hole. Without treatment, death typically results. We explore a surgical case of small frontal EDH in patient with Glasgow Coma Score 8.Case report. Thirty years male patient was admitted at Emergency Hospital with Glasgow Coma Score 8 on ventilator. Rapid CT brain was done and showed massive brain edema with small EDH. Conservative treatment had been tried for 24 hours, but with no improvement as we could not give mannitol therapy to this patient. Follow-up CT showed the same EDH and brain edema. We tried new policy and evacuated EDH with giving mannitol and furosemide therapy postoperative. The patient became with Glasgow Coma Score 13 and improved in 7 days.Conclusion. Evacuation of small EDH may be helpful in some conditions not responding to conservative treatment especially in severe brain edema.

Secondary paroxysmal dyskinesia in multiple sclerosis: Clinical–radiological features and treatment. Case report of seven patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1791-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethel Ciampi ◽  
Reinaldo Uribe-San-Martín ◽  
Jaime Godoy-Santín ◽  
Juan Pablo Cruz ◽  
Claudia Cárcamo-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncles ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Secondary paroxysmal dyskinesias (SPDs) are short, episodic, and recurrent movement disorders, classically related to multiple sclerosis (MS). Carbamazepine is effective, but with risk of adverse reactions. We identified 7 patients with SPD among 457 MS patients (1.53%). SPD occurred in face ( n = 1), leg ( n = 2), or arm +leg ( n = 4) several times during the day. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed new or enhancing lesions in thalamus ( n = 1), mesencephalic tegmentum ( n = 1), and cerebellar peduncles ( n = 5). Patients were treated with clonazepam and then acetazolamide ( n = 1), acetazolamide ( n = 5), or levetiracetam ( n = 1) with response within hours (acetazolamide) to days (levetiracetam). No recurrences or adverse events were reported after a median follow-up of 33 months.

scholarly journals Sublaminar fixation for traumatic lumbar fracture subluxation with lateral listhesis in a 2-year-old patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Yanni ◽  
Aurora S. Cruz ◽  
Alexander Y. Halim ◽  
Amandip S. Gill ◽  
Michael G. Muhonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Pediatric Spine ◽  
Ligamentous Injury ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Lumbar Fracture ◽  
Growing Spine

Pediatric spinal trauma can present a surgeon with difficult management decisions given the rarity of these cases, pediatric anatomy, and a growing spine. The need to stabilize a traumatically unstable pediatric spine can be an operative challenge given the lack of instrumentation available. The authors present a surgical technique and an illustrative case that may offer a novel, less disruptive method of stabilization. A 2-year-old girl presented after an assault with an L1–2 fracture subluxation with lateral listhesis and fractured jumped facets exhibited on CT scans. CT also showed intact growth plates at the vertebral body, pedicles, and posterior elements. MRI showed severe ligamentous injury, conus medullaris compression, and an epidural hematoma. Neurologically, the patient moved both lower extremities asymmetrically. Given the severity of the deformity and neurological examination and disruption of the stabilizing structures, the authors made the decision to surgically decompress the L-1 and L-2 segments with bilateral laminotomies, evacuate the epidural hematoma, and reduce the deformity with sublaminar stabilization using braided polyester cables bilaterally, thus preserving the growth plates. They also performed a posterolateral onlay fusion at L-1 and L-2 using autograft and allograft placed due to the facet disruption. At the 42-month follow-up, imaging showed fusion of L-1 and L-2 with good alignment, and the hardware was subsequently explanted. The patient was neurologically symmetric in strength, ambulating, and had preserved alignment. Her bones and spinal canal continued to grow in relation to the other levels.

scholarly journals Correlation between neutrophil lymphocyte count ratio and outcomes of severe traumatic head injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Tamajyoti Ghosh ◽  
Subir Dey
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Traumatic Head

Background: Raised peripheral neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is associated with poorer outcomes in conditions such as severe brain injury, ICH, cardiovascular conditions, cancer.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 96 severe Traumatic Brain injury data treated at our institute over a period of 1 year. The patients were followed up for a period of at least 1 month. The primary outcome of the study was 1 month GOS and the various variables which may be associated with the poor GOS at 1 month follow up. Model based analysis was done for NLCR <24 hrs at 48 hrs and GCS at the time of presentation and discriminative ability of the models were studied by the Area under the curve.Results: Univariate analysis were done of 96 patients of severe traumatic brain injury for various variables such as age, sex, mode of head injury, type of head injury, presenting GCS and NLCR at 24 hrs and 48 hrs to that of GOS at 1 month follow up. Initial GCS <7 (p=0.0138) with AUC=0.6689 and peak NLCR (<24 hr) of > 9.6 (AUC=0.931) with a p value of <0.001 with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 79.27% and peak NLCR (48 hrs) of >12.4 (AUC= 0.973) with a p value of <0.001 with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89.02% were associated with unfavourable outcome.Conclusions: High NLCR and initial poor GCS are independent unfavourable prognostic factors in 1 month GOS following severe traumatic head injury.

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular disease in senile patient (clinical case)

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
M. A. Cherdak ◽  
E. A. Mkhitaryan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Senile Patient

The article presents a clinical observation of a comorbid elderly patient with complaints typical for chronic cerebrovascular disease. A careful analysis of the clinical picture and a thorough assessment of the patient’s condition, including testing of cognitive and non-cognitive neuropsychiatric functions, made it possible to identify characteristic syndromes of cerebrovascular disease, which was additionally confirmed by the magnetic resonance imaging. The patient’s therapy regimen was optimized with an emphasis on clinically and pathogenetically justified methods taking into account the main clinical syndromes. Patient’s follow-up assessment has shown that the treatment was accompanied by significant positive dynamic, in both cognitive and emotional signs and symptoms. The article discusses the epidemiology of cerebrovascular diseases, their relationship with other geriatric syndromes in elderly and senile people. The main problems associated with the therapy of cerebrovascular diseases in elderly patients and the ways to eliminate them are discussed.

scholarly journals Traumatic bilateral intraorbital (subperiosteal) hematoma associated with epidural hematoma: case report

2003 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leodante Batista da Costa Jr ◽  
Agustinho de Andrade ◽  
José Gilberto de Bastos Henriques ◽  
Anderson Finotti Cordeiro ◽  
Cícero do Juazeiro Job Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Unfavorable Outcome ◽  
Extradural Hematoma ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Head

Extradural hematoma (EDH) is a frequent lesion, with an incidence varying from 0.2 to 6% in patients admitted to hospital due to traumatic head injury. The higher incidence is found in patients with more severe injuries. The association of EDH with subperiosteal intraorbital hematomas is rarely reported, and we were not able to find in the literature any report of traumatic bilateral intraorbital hematomas and EDH. We report this case of a 32 year-old man with bilateral intraorbital (subperiosteal) hematoma associated with unilateral EDH. The lesions were treated surgically, but unfortunately with an unfavorable outcome.

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