External ventricular drain practice variations: results from a nationwide survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 1190-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griffin R. Baum ◽  
Kristopher G. Hooten ◽  
Dennis T. Lockney ◽  
Kyle M. Fargen ◽  
Nefize Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Practice Variations ◽  
Standard Practices

OBJECTIVEWhile guidelines exist for many neurosurgical procedures, external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion has yet to be standardized. The goal of this study was to survey the neurosurgical community and determine the most frequent EVD insertion practices. The hypothesis was that there would be no standard practices identified for EVD insertion or methods to avoid EVD-associated infections.METHODSThe American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership database was queried for all eligible neurosurgeons. A 16-question, multiple-choice format survey was created and sent to 7217 recipients. The responses were collected electronically, and the descriptive results were tabulated. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test.RESULTSIn total, 1143 respondents (15.8%) completed the survey, and 705 respondents (61.6%) reported tracking EVD infections at their institution. The most common self-reported infection rate ranged from 1% to 3% (56.1% of participants), and 19.7% of respondents reported a 0% infection rate. In total, 451 respondents (42.7%) indicated that their institution utilizes a formal protocol for EVD placement. If a respondent's institution had a protocol, only 258 respondents (36.1%) always complied with the protocol. Protocol utilization for EVD insertion was significantly more frequent among residents, in academic/hybrid centers, in ICU settings, and if the institution tracked EVD-associated infection rates (p < 0.05). A self-reported 0% infection rate was significantly more commonly associated with a higher level of training (e.g., attending physicians), private center settings, a clinician performing 6 to 10 EVD insertions within the previous 12 months, and prophylactic continuous antibiotic utilization (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThis survey demonstrated heterogeneity in the practices for EVD insertion. No standard practices have been proposed or adopted by the neurosurgical community for EVD insertion or complication avoidance. These results highlight the need for the nationwide standardization of technique and complication prevention measures.

scholarly journals Exploring the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of COVID-19 Infections among Healthcare Workers: A Multi-Scale Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Hui Ren ◽  
Peixiao Wang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Xinyan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chi Square Test

The outbreak of COVID-19 has constantly exposed health care workers (HCWs) around the world to a high risk of infection. To more accurately discover the infection differences among high-risk occupations and institutions, Hubei Province was taken as an example to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of HCWs at different scales by employing the chi-square test and fitting distribution. The results indicate (1) the units around the epicenter of the epidemic present lognormal distribution, and the periphery is Poisson distribution. There is a clear dividing line between lognormal and Poisson distribution in terms of the number of HCWs infections. (2) The infection rates of different types of HCWs at multiple geospatial scales are significantly different, caused by the spatial heterogeneity of the number of HCWs. (3) With the increase of HCWs infection rate, the infection difference among various HCWs also gradually increases and the infection difference becomes more evident on a larger scale. The analysis of the multi-scale infection rate and statistical distribution characteristics of HCWs can help government departments rationally allocate the number of HCWs and personal protective equipment to achieve distribution on demand, thereby reducing the mental and physical pressure and infection rate of HCWs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of tobacco and cannabis co-use in 15-year-old students in Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Koprivnikar ◽  
Tina Zupanič ◽  
Andreja Drev ◽  
Helena Jeriček Klanšček
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legislative Measures

Introduction: While the co-use of tobacco and cannabis is common among adolescents, no data on this topic is currently available for Slovenia. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the prevalence and characteristics of tobacco and cannabis co-use in 15-year-old students in Slovenia.Methods: We analysed the data obtained from a representative sample of 15-year-old Slovene students (n = 1615) who took part in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children international cross-sectional survey, and performed a chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results: Lifetime tobacco and cannabis use was reported by 19.5 % of 15-year-old students with no gender difference (p = 0.108) and was associated with history of drunkenness (OR = 8.18, 95 % C.I. 5.74−11.64), friends' use of cannabis (OR = 3.93, 95 % C.I. 2.67−5.79) and tobacco (OR = 1.83, 95 % C. I. 1.25−2.69), and with lower perceived family support (OR = 0.88, 95 % C.I. 0.80−0.97). Current co-use was reported by 7.2 % with no gender difference (p = 0.136) and was associated with a history of drunkenness (OR = 8.06, 95 % C.I. 4.43−14.67), friends' use of cannabis (OR = 3.72, 95 % C.I. 2.23−6.19) and living in a reconstructed family (OR = 3.33, 95 % C. I. 1.74−6.40).Discussion and conclusion: Our study advocates for expanding preventive and cessation programmes from one to more psychoactive substances. Peers and family are the key factors which need to be addressed in theseprogrammes. They can be reached through the school and healthcare systems. Environmental prevention measures, including legislative measures, create environments promoting healthy choices and thus contribute to the reduction of such co-use.

scholarly journals How Organizational and Trainee Characteristics Influence the Training Program of Employees in Djibouti Port

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 269-277
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Training

The present paper aims to examine how the organizational and trainee characteristics influence the effectiveness of a training program in Djibouti Port. To prove this, quantitative analysis was carried out with the help of a questionnaire. The survey was given to port employees and gets their opinion about the effectiveness of the training program in their port. The survey was framed from the perspective of independent and dependent variables chosen from the literature. Further for collecting the sample the random sampling method was adopted. All aspects of training and organizational characteristic variables were utilized. Data analysis involved like correlation and regression, chi-square test with the help of SPSS 21 version. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the research. Study findings observed that there is a positive impact of organization and trainee related factors that impact the training effectiveness. Further, it is noticed that the current level of training and development programs in Djibouti Port Trust was effective. Overall from the study found it is concluded that the training and development need in the ports and explore whether the needs differ between the ports.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Protokol Kesehatan Dengan Tindakan Pencegahan Penularan COVID-19 Di Wilayah Kabupaten Sikka

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasionista Vianitati ◽  
Maria Yulita Meo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Objective:  The aim of this study to find out the relationship between public knowledge about health protocols and prevention measures for Covid-19 transmission in the Sikka Regency area.Methods:  This type of research is analytic observational with cross sectional design. A questionnaire was given to measure public knowledge about health protocols and an observation sheet to see the behavior of the community to prevent Covid-19 transmission. The sample in the study was 147 people using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Chi-Square with a significance level of α = 0.05.Results:  of this study were obtained public knowledge about the health protocol for the prevention of Covid-19 transmission was in a good category of 53.7% and most people made efforts to prevent Covid-19 transmission by 5M as much as 62.6%. And the results of statistical tests using the Chi Square test obtained pvalue = 0.029 <α = 0.05.Conclusion:  there is a significant relationship between public knowledge about health protocols and measures to prevent Covid-19 transmission in the Sikka Regency area. Therefore, all forms of health education to the public related to Covid-19 must continue to be carried out and carry out tiered evaluations related to the implementation of health protocols and it is hoped that the community will be more obedient to implementing health protocols to prevent Covid-19 transmission through 5M measures.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With the Recruitment of Foreign Nurses in Japan: A Nationwide Survey of Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Hirano ◽  
Kunio Tsubota ◽  
Shun Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Economic Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Foreign Nurse

Abstract Background: Recruiting foreign nurses is now a global concernto combatnursing shortages.Japan has officially opened its labor market to foreign nurses, through aneconomic partnership agreement with three other Asian countries. However, fewhospitalsemploy foreign nurses. Weinvestigatedthe waysto expand the number of hospitals employing foreign nurses in Japan by exploring the perceptions of hospital managerswho have notpreviously employedforeign nurses.Method:An anonymous questionnairewas developed and distributed to hospitalsthat had not previously employed foreign nurses;itrequestedthe staff’s opinions on Japan’s policy on recruitment of foreign nurses and their intentions to hire foreign nurses. We randomly selected 1,879 hospitals, or 22% of the hospitals in Japan (n=8,540) with more than 20 beds.We used descriptive statistics, a Chi-square test, and a logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors and developed a model to predict the likelihood of their intention to recruit foreign nurses in the future.Results: In total, 432hospitalswere eligible for further analysis (response rate:22.9%).Half (50%) of the hospital managerswere very/quiteinterested in Japan’s policy on recruiting foreign nurses, though only 20% intended to recruit under the economic partnership agreement in the future. The likelihood of foreign nurse recruitment under the partnership agreement was associated with the degree of interest in the policy (OR 9.38;95%CI 4.42–19.90) and managers’ perception of foreign nurses (OR 5.32, 95% CI 2.38–11.89).Conclusion:The strongest factor associated with the intention to recruit foreign nurses byhospitals thathadnot previously employed themwas the degree of interest in the government’s economic partnership agreement, followed by managers’ perceptionof foreign nurses, measured by “image score”. Foreign nurses contribute to the workplace byworking together inmulticultural teams;therefore,the Japanese government shouldfosterinitiatives to raise interest among Japanese hospitalstorecruit foreign nursesand improve perceptions among hospital staff.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF RABIES DISEASE IN THE WORKING AREA OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE OF EAST TOMONI

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Armawati Abidin ◽  
Anas Budi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Background: Rabies is a deadly disease that is transmitted from animals to humans and attacks the central nervous system (WHO, 2016). Data reported by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) revealed that the global human death rate due to rabies is almost 70 thousand per year. In other words, every ten minutes one person in the world dies from the virus. Objectives: This study aimed to find out the knowledge and prevention of rabies carried out by the community around the East Tomoni Public Health Center. Methods: This study was conducted in the working area of East Tomoni Public Health Center by involving 390 participants in August 2020.  Data was collected using simple random sampling. The instrument of this study is questionnaire. Statistical test method used to know independent variables are  univariat analysis and bivariat analysis. Results: The majority of good knowledge as much as 351 (90%) respondents were less Knowledge while 39 (10%) respondents. Good attitude as many as 318 (81.5%) Respondents have a pretty good attitude as many as 72 (18.5%) Respondents. Good rabies prevention measures were 347 respondents (88.9%) while those who had less rabies prevention measures were 43 (11.02%) respondents. The results of the study using the Pearson Chi-Square test showed that the level of knowledge was p-value = 0.000 (α < 0.05) means there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and rabies prevention measures in the work area of ​​the Tomoni Timur Public Health Center, whereas, the attitude with the Pearson Chi-Square test shows that the attitude of p-value = 0.000 (α < 0.05) means that there is a relationship between attitude and rabies prevention measures in the working area of ​​the Tomoni Community Health Center. Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of the community and rabies prevention in the East Tomoni Community Health Center.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to COVID-19 Among Malawi Adults: A Community-Based Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4090
Author(s):  
Yutong Li ◽  
Guangqi Liu ◽  
Robert Okia Egolet ◽  
Runqing Yang ◽  
Yangmu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The People ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Correlation Statistics ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Introduction: It is well-recognized that containing COVID-19 successfully is determined by people’s prevention measures which are related to their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This perception has attracted attention in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to their fragile health systems and economies. The objective of this study was to understand how residents in Malawi perceived COVID-19, to determine the factors related to KAP. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. A field-based survey was conducted among adult residents in Lilongwe, Malawi. Descriptive statistic, linear regression, the Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation statistics were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 580 questionnaires were involved. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores were 10 (SD = ±3, range: 3–19), 16 (SD = ±4, range: 5–25), and 2 (SD = ±1, range: 0–5), respectively. Lack of money and resources (39%) was the biggest challenge for people who practice prevention measures. Among the participants, the radio (70%) and friends/family (56%) were the main sources of information. A higher economic status was associated with better KAP. Conclusions: A low level of KAP was detected among the population. The people faced challenges regarding a lack of necessary preventive resources and formal information channels. The situation was worse considering vulnerable population who had low economic status. Further all-round health education is urgently needed along with providing adequate health supplies and ensuring proper information management.

Abstract TP432: Ventriculostomy Placement Improves Outcome in Hunt and Hess Grade 3-5 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients Irrespective of Hydrocephalus

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Janjua ◽  
Kessarin Panichpisal ◽  
Karen Tse-Chang ◽  
Kimberly Jones ◽  
Debbie Keasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Firm Data ◽  
Grade 3

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid diversion may be necessary in the acute period after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) if patients develop hydrocephalus. Though there is an opinion that certain ‘severe grade’ patients, e.g. Hunt and Hess (HH) grades 3-5, should have external ventricular drain (EVD) placement, regardless of hydrocephalus, there is no firm data, leaving the decision up to the judgement of the evaluating clinical team. Objective: We sought to measure changes in HH grades among grade 3-5 patients based on whether or not they had EVD placement. Methods: We prospectively collect demographic, clinical, and radiographic data on our SAH patients since January 2014. We selected HH grades 3-5 patients and compared admission and discharge HH grades among groups of patients who underwent EVD placement or surgical decompression within the first 24 hours and those who did not, using chi square test. Results: Among 54 total patients, there were 37 grades 3-5 patients (HH 3, n=26, 70.3%; HH 4, n=5, 13.5%; HH 5, n=6, 16.2%) in two groups: no EVD, n=22 (59.5%) and EVD, n=14 (37.8%, data unavailable for 1 patient). At discharge HH grades were: HH 1, n=10 (27%); HH 2, n=1 (2.7%); HH 3, n=10 (27%); HH 4, n=3 (8.1%); HH 5, n=1 (2.7%); dead, n=11 (29.7%); missing data, n=1. Mean age of 37 HH 3-5 patients was 58 years with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Hydrocephalus was seen in 11 of the 22 no EVD group and 13 of the 14 EVD group, p=0.007. Improvement in HH score between admission and discharge was seen in 10/14 EVD group, compared with 5/22 of the no EVD group, p=0.010. Worsening of HH score was found in 8/17 no EVD group (5 HH grade 5 patients excluded from this analysis), and 1 HH 4 patient (out of 14) in the EVD group, p=.014. Mortality occurred in 11/22 of the no EVD group (HH 3=5; HH 4-5=6) and 1/14 of the EVD group (HH 4, p=0.007). Conclusion: While the presence of hydrocephalus could potentially be a determinant in the decision to place EVDs among HH grades 3-5 patients, clinical change in patients who did not have an EVD placed occurred independently of hydrocephalus. Improvement of HH grade was more frequent, while its worsening was less common, among patients who underwent EVD or surgery within the first 24 hours. Mortality of HH grade 3 patients may also be impacted with EVD placement.

scholarly journals Level of Understanding of Eras Affects Practitioners’ Practice and Perception of Early Postoperative Resumption of Oral Intake: A Nationwide Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhen Huang ◽  
Yuelun Zhang ◽  
Le Shen ◽  
Yuguang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Abstract Background: Early postoperative resumption of oral intake is supposed to be safe and beneficial to patients recovery. However, practitioners still have great confusion and disagreement about postoperative resumption of oral intake. This is a nationwide survey to investigate the current status of clinical practice and practitioners’ attitude toward postoperative resumption of oral intake along with their level of understanding of the ERAS guidelines.Methods: An anonymous web-based survey questionnaire via mobile social platform was carried out in mainland China from December 11-20, 2020. The Wilcoxon signed rank test or chi-square test was used to compare the propensity of the resumption of oral intake.Results: Totally 5370 responses were received, and 89% of them were from anesthesiology departments. The nature of the responses from clinical practitioners was highly diverse, but each of the three surgery types showed unique patterns of ERAS implementation. The respondents were more conserved regarding the commencement of both fluid and solid diets after gastrointestinal (GI) and hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery than after non-abdominal (NA) surgery. Most respondents agreed that early oral intake is beneficial to reduce postoperative complications improve bowel recovery and overall outcome. 55% respondents considered themselves to have a better understanding of ERAS and tended to initiate oral intake early for all three surgery types (P<0.001).Conclusions: The postoperative resumption of oral intake is highly variable among GI, HPB and NA surgeries. A better understanding of ERAS would encourage practitioners to commence oral intake resumption much earlier.

scholarly journals Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Baringo County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5251
Author(s):  
Emily G. Kiptui ◽  
Sabella J. Kiprono ◽  
Gladys J. Mengich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is protozoan disease, transmitted by Sandflies. The annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa is between 29,400 and 56,700 cases, accounting for approximately 15% of the global cases. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Baringo County yet the current report on risk factor burden of the disease has not been documented. Objective was to assess risk factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Baringo County, Kenya.Methods: Analytical cross sectional study design was conducted in Tiaty and Baringo south sub counties, Baringo County. The study population was 422 households selected through simple random sampling. The data collection tool were questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulations and chi square test of independence. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratio. Variables with p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Findings showed that uneducated were majority (68%), higher number of the population had more than 6 persons per household (70.6%). On occupation, pastoralists were more affected (62.2%), those living in mud and cracked house were more (61.8%) (63.0 %) respectively p<0.01. Daily activity 35.24, p<0.01), sleeping under acacia tree 53.42, p<0.01), sleeping outside the house 112.7, p<0.01), and presence of ant hills nearby homestead 32.42, p<0.01) were individual risk factors significantly associated visceral leishmaniasis.Conclusions: The risk factors increased the exposure of the community to visceral leishmaniasis infection which needs to be addressed through control and prevention measures.

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