scholarly journals Association between biomechanical parameters and concussion in helmeted collisions in American football: a review of the literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. E10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Forbes ◽  
Ahmed J. Awad ◽  
Scott Zuckerman ◽  
Kevin Carr ◽  
Joseph S. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
American Football ◽  
Rotational Acceleration ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Associated Variables ◽  
Translational Acceleration ◽  
Language Literature

Object The authors' goal was to better define the relationship between biomechanical parameters of a helmeted collision and the likelihood of concussion. Methods The English-language literature was reviewed in search of scholarly articles describing the rotational and translational accelerations observed during all monitored impact conditions that resulted in concussion at all levels of American football. Results High school players who suffer concussion experience an average of 93.9g of translational acceleration (TA) and 6505.2 rad/s2 of rotational acceleration (RA). College athletes experience an average of 118.4g of TA and 5311.6 rad/s2 of RA. While approximately 3% of collisions are associated with TAs greater than the mean TA associated with concussion, only about 0.02% of collisions actually result in a concussion. Associated variables that determine whether a player who experiences a severe collision also experiences a concussion remain hypothetical at present. Conclusions The ability to reliably predict the incidence of concussion based purely on biomechanical data remains elusive. This study provides novel, important information that helps to quantify the relative insignificance of biomechanical parameters in prediction of concussion risk. Further research will be necessary to better define other factors that predispose to concussion.

scholarly journals The relationship between headache-attributed disability and lost productivity: 1. A review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simple Futarmal Kothari ◽  
Rigmor Hølland Jensen ◽  
Timothy J Steiner
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract Background Headache disorders are disabling and have a significant impact on productivity. The relationship between these two consequences is of considerable economic and political interest. We enquired into it through a systematic search of the English-language literature. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines in specifying search terms and syntax and in article selection. We used the term “disability” in the search, accepting any meaning that authors attached to it, but this proved problematic. Accordingly, we adopted the definition used in the Global Burden of Disease study. In article selection, we included only those that purported to measure disability as so defined and lost productivity. We reviewed the full texts of those selected. We included further articles identified from review of the bibliographies of selected articles. Results The literature search found 598 studies, of which 21 warranted further review. Their bibliographies identified another four of possible relevance. On full-text reading of these 25, all were rejected. Ten applied incompatible definitions of disability and/or lost productivity. Two did not measure both. Four reported lost productivity but not disability. Eight studies reported and measured both but did not assess the association between them or provide the means of doing so. One was purely methodological. Conclusions The literature is silent on the relationship between headache-attributed disability and lost productivity. In view of its health economic and political importance, empirical studies are required to remedy this. A prerequisite is to clarify what is meant by “disability” in this context.

scholarly journals Review of Academic Dishonesty among College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
English Language ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic English ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Cheating and academic dishonesty is a moral anomaly in the field of scientific research and reflecting, i.e., academic environment and studies show that this phenomenon in many of the worlds is important problem.</p><p>This study measured the dishonesty of students in a quasi-experimental design. For this purpose, features lack of integrity by manipulating the facts were examined and meanwhile first, basic English language test coordination between the strict terms of the 280 students come to practice and after correction of examination papers by teachers, without leaving any traces on them instead, the plates are returned to students and provide them with answers to their paper to correct their score Master announced. The difference between the actual score (score of master) and score of the students to have their own, amount of honesty or lack of integrity appointed them and its relationship with some demographic and socio-ethical characteristics have been studied.</p><p>The results showed that more than 62 percent of the students in your grade to master completely honest with 26.6 percent have low honesty and the rest did not have the necessary integrity and the mean difference of scores announced by the professors and students have been about two score. Also results of chi-square tests and gamma, about the relationship between students’ evaluation of amount of sincerity with sincerity in the declared objective amount of the master score was not significant, this finding means that between demonstrators and people of integrity and honesty in practice, there are gaps.</p>

Pectoralis Major Rupture: Presentation of Two Cases and Review of 74 Cases

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Hubert YM Chao ◽  
Ralph T Manktelow
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
English Language ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Language Literature

Pectoralis major rupture is uncommon. Injury usually occurs from sporting activities. The incidence and management of pectoralis major rupture is not well known, despite 74 case reports in the English language literature over the past 34 years. Two cases of chronic pectoralis ruptures and their successful surgical management are described. A review of the literature shows that most injuries occur at the humeral insertion, and most are complete ruptures. Distinguishing between complete and partial ruptures is important. Complete ruptures are best treated surgically in the acute situation. When chronic complete ruptures present, surgical repair yields fair to good results. Acute partial ruptures can be effectively managed conservatively or with surgery. Chronic partial ruptures can be managed surgically with good results, following unsatisfactory conservative management in the acute situation.

Isoniazid-Associated Psychosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Pallone ◽  
Morton P. Goldman ◽  
Matthew A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Language Literature

Objective To describe a case of isoniazid-associated psychosis and review the incidence of this adverse effect. Data Sources Information about the patient was obtained from the medical chart. A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature published from 1950 to 1992 was conducted and Index Medicus was manually searched for current information. Study Selection All case reports describing isoniazid-associated psychosis were reviewed. Data Extraction Studies were evaluated for the use of isoniazid, symptoms of psychosis, onset of symptoms, and dosage of isoniazid. Data Synthesis The case report is compared with others reported in the literature. The incidence of isoniazid-associated psychosis is rare. Conclusions The mechanism of isoniazid-associated psychosis is uncertain. It appears that isoniazid was associated with the psychosis evident in our patient and in the cases reviewed.

scholarly journals DEMOCRACY AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN THE MUSLIM WORLD: AN EVALUATION OF SOME IMPORTANT WORKS ON DEMOCRATIZATION IN SOUTH/SOUTHEAST ASIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Tauseef Ahmad Parray
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
English Language ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Comparative Methodology ◽  
The Relationship

Is Islam compatible with democratization in the context of Asian cultures? To address this important issue, a series of books have been published in the English language from 1990s (and especially from 2000s). Most of these books deal with the relationship between Islam, Muslims, and democratization with a sub-region in Asia: South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia. While others deal with same issues with a focus on the future, very few deal with the relationship between Islam, Muslims, and democratization in the context of Asian cultures from the perspectives of theory and empirical country studies from all three Asian regions. In this backdrop, this essay—by making an assessment and review of the literature, produced in the last decade, on this theme—focuses on the compatibility paradigm in South and South East Asian Muslim societies at the empirical level, with a focus on Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Indonesia. To achieve this objective, the essay follows the analytical and comparative methodology, and evaluates these four important books: Zoya Hasan (2007); Shiping Hua (2009); Mirjam Künkler and Alfred Stepan (2013); and John Esposito, Tamara Sonn, and John Voll (2016). A due support is taken from other related works (books and journal articles) as well in substantiating, supporting, and strengthening the argument(s) put forth in this essay.

Part III The Relationship Between the Judiciary and the Political Branches, 6 An Overview of Judicial and Executive Relations in Lusophone Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastos Fernando Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Law Professors ◽  
Language Literature

This chapter examines judicial–executive relationships in Africa’s Lusophone systems, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and the island nations of Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe, which are often neglected in the English-language literature. These systems continue to follow the Portuguese system closely not only because of their colonial history but also due to an ongoing process in which Portuguese sources are widely used and judicial officers and law professors often receive training in Portugal. The result is the persistent view of the separation of powers wherein the judiciary is subordinate to the legislature, the executive, and to the law that those branches alone create; its role is understood chiefly as a resolver of disputes between private parties. While the constitutions of these states offer textual protection for the judiciary’s independence, only Cape Verde has made important strides to realizing this in practice. Executive influence over the judiciary is strong.

Multiple Familial Facial Glomus: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Magliulo ◽  
Erika Parnasi ◽  
Raffaello D'Amico ◽  
Vincenzo Savastano ◽  
Salvatore Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
English Language ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Report ◽  
English Language Literature ◽  
Language Literature

Facial paraganglioma is an extremely rare tumor that originates from abnormal paraganglionic tissue situated in the intrapetrous facial canal. A review of the English-language literature shows that only 8 cases of facial nerve paraganglioma have been published. In each case the facial glomus presented itself sporadically, completely independent of any other form of paraganglioma. This study reports an intrapetrous facial glomus that occurred in a case of multiple paragangliomas with a hereditary pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a combination.

Foramen arcuale: anatomical study and review of the literature

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Philip C. Johnson ◽  
Mohammadali M. Shoja ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
W. Jerry Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Transverse Foramen ◽  
Postmortem Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Object The neurosurgical literature is lacking information on the so-called foramen arcuale. When this foramen is present, the vertebral artery (VA) travels through it after exiting the transverse foramen of the atlas and prior to entering the cranium. Methods The authors performed a study in 60 cadavers to determine the incidence of the foramen arcuale and ascertain morphometric information on its anatomy. In specimens in which the foramen arcuale was observed, the authors studied the relationship between it and the VA. The authors identified a foramen arcuale in 5% of specimens. The mean length and thickness of the osseous struts that converted the groove for the VA into the foramen arcuale were 7.0 and 2.0 mm, respectively. The mean area of the identified foramina was 14.2 mm2. The mean area of the ipsilateral C-1 transverse foramina was 18 mm2 in specimens with a foramen arcuale. The mean measurements of the proximal, intraforaminal (foramen arcuale), and distal diameter of the V3 segment of the VA at the level of the foramen arcuale were 6, 4, and 5 mm, respectively. In all specimens the authors noted that the intraforaminal part of the V3 segment was grossly compressed. Conclusions The authors found that the foramen arcuale may compress the V3 segment of the VA. Based on their postmortem study, however, they cannot conclude that compression at this location results in symptomatic VA insufficiency. Based on their review of the literature, it seems that symptomatic compression of the VA at this location may be alleviated in some patients with decompressive procedures.

Non-audiofacial morbidity after Gamma Knife surgery for vestibular schwannoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. E4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Sughrue ◽  
Isaac Yang ◽  
Seunggu J. Han ◽  
Derick Aranda ◽  
Ari J. Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
English Language ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Vestibular Schwannomas ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Dose Cohort ◽  
Shunt Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Language Literature

Object While many studies have been published outlining morbidity following radiosurgical treatment of vestibular schwannomas, significant interpractitioner and institutional variability still exists. For this reason, the authors conducted a systematic review of the literature for non-audiofacial-related morbidity after the treatment of vestibular schwannoma with radiosurgery. Methods The authors performed a comprehensive search of the English-language literature to identify studies that published outcome data of patients undergoing radiosurgery treatment for vestibular schwannomas. In total, 254 articles were found that described more than 50,000 patients and were analyzed for satisfying the authors' inclusion criteria. Patients from these studies were then separated into 2 cohorts based on the marginal dose of radiation: ≤ 13 Gy and > 13 Gy. All tumors included in this study were < 25 mm in their largest diameter. Results A total of 63 articles met the criteria of the established search protocol, which combined for a total of 5631 patients. Patients receiving > 13 Gy were significantly more likely to develop trigeminal nerve neuropathy than those receiving < 13 Gy (p < 0.001). While we found no relationship between radiation dose and the rate of developing hydrocephalus (0.6% for both cohorts), patients with hydrocephalus who received doses > 13 Gy appeared to have a higher rate of symptomatic hydrocephalus requiring shunt treatment (96% [> 13 Gy] vs 56% [≤ 13 Gy], p < 0.001). The rates of vertigo or balance disturbance (1.1% [> 13 Gy] vs 1.8% [≤ 13 Gy], p = 0.001) and tinnitus (0.1% [> 13 Gy] vs 0.7% [≤ 13 Gy], p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the lower dose cohort than those in the higher dose cohort. Conclusions The results of our review of the literature provide a systematic summary of the published rates of nonaudiofacial morbidity following radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma.

Soft Tissue Perineuromas in Children: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola S. Balarezo ◽  
Richard C. Muller ◽  
Richard G. Weiss ◽  
Timothy Brown ◽  
David Knibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
English Language ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Deep Soft Tissue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Language Literature

Perineuromas (PN) are uncommon, slowly growing, usually benign tumors composed of well-differentiated perineural cells. Two variants are recognized: intraneural perineuromas and soft tissue perineuroma, which includes a sclerosing subset of tumors. They are usually reported in the adult population. We present three cases of soft tissue perineuromas in children. One was located in the deep soft tissue of the retroperitoneum in a 14-year-old girl, the second one in the left thumb of a 14-year-old boy, and the third one in the index finger of a 16-year-old boy. This report, which describes the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of these tumors, should alert pathologists to the occurrence of perineuromas in children. A review of the English language literature on perineuromas in children is also included.

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