scholarly journals Anatomy, technology, art, and culture: toward a realistic perspective of the brain

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. E2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Cavalcanti ◽  
William Feindel ◽  
James T. Goodrich ◽  
T. Forcht Dagi ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
The Brain

In the 15th century, brain illustration began to change from a schematic system that involved scant objective rendering of the brain, to accurate depictions based on anatomical dissections that demanded significant artistic talent. Notable examples of this innovation are the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci (1498–1504), Andreas Vesalius' association with the bottega of Titian to produce the drawings of Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica (1543), and Christopher Wren's illustrations for Thomas Willis' Cerebri Anatome (1664). These works appeared during the Renaissance and Age of Enlightenment, when advances in brain imaging, or really brain rendering, reflected not only the abilities and dedications of the artists, but also the influences of important cultural and scientific factors. Anatomy and human dissection became popular social phenomena as well as scholarly pursuits, linked with the world of the fine arts. The working philosophy of these artists involved active participation in both anatomical study and illustration, and the belief that their discoveries of the natural world could best be communicated by rendering them in objective form (that is, with realistic perspective). From their studies emerged the beginning of contemporary brain imaging. In this article, the authors examine how the brain began to be imaged in realism within a cultural and scientific milieu that witnessed the emergence of anatomical dissection, the geometry of linear perspective, and the closer confluence of art and science.

scholarly journals The brain timewise: how timing shapes and supports brain function

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1668) ◽  
pp. 20140170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Hari ◽  
Lauri Parkkonen
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Brain

We discuss the importance of timing in brain function: how temporal dynamics of the world has left its traces in the brain during evolution and how we can monitor the dynamics of the human brain with non-invasive measurements. Accurate timing is important for the interplay of neurons, neuronal circuitries, brain areas and human individuals. In the human brain, multiple temporal integration windows are hierarchically organized, with temporal scales ranging from microseconds to tens and hundreds of milliseconds for perceptual, motor and cognitive functions, and up to minutes, hours and even months for hormonal and mood changes. Accurate timing is impaired in several brain diseases. From the current repertoire of non-invasive brain imaging methods, only magnetoencephalography (MEG) and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) provide millisecond time-resolution; our focus in this paper is on MEG. Since the introduction of high-density whole-scalp MEG/EEG coverage in the 1990s, the instrumentation has not changed drastically; yet, novel data analyses are advancing the field rapidly by shifting the focus from the mere pinpointing of activity hotspots to seeking stimulus- or task-specific information and to characterizing functional networks. During the next decades, we can expect increased spatial resolution and accuracy of the time-resolved brain imaging and better understanding of brain function, especially its temporal constraints, with the development of novel instrumentation and finer-grained, physiologically inspired generative models of local and network activity. Merging both spatial and temporal information with increasing accuracy and carrying out recordings in naturalistic conditions, including social interaction, will bring much new information about human brain function.

Abstract TP147: Central Post Stroke Pain: A Systematic Review

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Singer ◽  
Alyssa Conigliaro ◽  
Elizabeth Spina ◽  
Susan Law ◽  
Steven Levine
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Single Question ◽  
Thalamic Region ◽  
The Brain ◽  
A Current

Background: Central Post Stroke Pain (CPSP) is reportedly due to strokes in the thalamic region (Dishinbition Theory); however, the Central Imbalance Theory states that CPSP is due to damage to the spinothalamic pathway (STP). Aims: 1) Clarify the role of thalamic strokes and STP damage in CPSP patients. 2) Gain a current understanding of anatomic substrates, brain imaging, and treatment of CPSP. Methods: Two independent reviewers systematically reviewed PUBMED, CINAHL and Web of Science for studies including original, clinical studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using PRISMA guidelines. Studies had to assess CPSP, using a single question or pain scale. Results: Search from January – July 2016, identifying 731 publications. We extracted data from 23 studies and categorized the articles’ aims into 4 sections: somatosensory deficits (5 studies), STP (3 studies), brain imaging (7 studies), and RCTs (8 studies). Somatosensory studies showed high rates of CPSP; however, the underlying causes of these deficits were unclear. Most studies did not refer to stroke location as playing a role in CPSP, but that pathways may. STP studies displayed consistent evidence that the STP plays a major role in CPSP, delineating that CPSP can occur even when the stroke is not in the thalamic region but in other regions (e.g. cerebellum, basal ganglia, medulla). Four of the brain imaging studies found CPSP not related and 3 found it was related to thalamic strokes. All 7 studies had major limitations including sample size, no control groups, and selection bias. RCTs were mostly negative, but brain stem and motor cortex stimulation studies showed the most promise. Conclusions: While CPSP has been linked to the thalamic region since the early 1900’s, the peer-reviewed literature showed equivocal results when examining location of stroke. Our systematic review suggests damage to the STP is associated with CPSP and this could provide insights into mechanisms and treatment. Moreover, historical connection of strokes in the thalamic region and CPSP should be reevaluated as many studies noted that strokes in other regions of the brain also produce CPSP.

scholarly journals Anatomical Study of Intrahemispheric Association Fibers in the Brains of Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajussp.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellen Christina Malheiros Borges ◽  
Hisao Nishijo ◽  
Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira ◽  
Jussara Rocha Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Ferreira Caixeta
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Association Fibers ◽  
The Brain

Previous studies suggest that the complexity of fiber connections in the brain plays a key role in the evolutionary process of the primate brain and behaviors. The patterns of brain fiber systems have been studied in detail in many nonhuman primates, but not inSapajussp. Behavioral studies indicated thatSapajussp. (bearded capuchins) show highly cognitive behaviors such as tool use comparable to those in other nonhuman primates. To compare the brain fiber systems in capuchins with those in other nonhuman primates and humans, the intrahemispheric fibers systems in 24 cerebral hemispheres ofSapajuswere dissected by a freezing-thawing procedure. Dissection of the hemispheres in lateral view indicated short arcuate fibers, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, while that in a medial view indicated short arcuate fibers, the cingulum united with the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. The results showed that the fiber systems inSapajusare comparable to those in rhesus and humans, except for a lack of independent superior longitudinal fasciculus and cingulum inSapajus.

scholarly journals Temporal Lobe Malformations in Achondroplasia: Expanding the Brain Imaging Phenotype Associated withFGFR3-Related Skeletal Dysplasias

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Manikkam ◽  
K. Chetcuti ◽  
K.B. Howell ◽  
R. Savarirayan ◽  
A.M. Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasias ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals BALINESE ART STUDIOS: THE LEARNING PROCESS OF ART AND CULTURE TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
I Gde Agus Jaya Sadguna ◽  
I Gusti Agung Mas Krisna Komala Sari ◽  
Kumiko Shishido
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Negative Impacts

Purpose: A lot of perspectives have been discussed about Bali and this paper will discuss it from the angle of the learning process of art and culture in the Balinese art studios in Gianyar Regency. Research methods: The research was conducted on the months of July and August 2019. Qualitative data was obtained during the research because the method of data collection was interviewing the owner of the dance studio. Results and discussions: One of the A’s in tourism is attraction and Bali have a strong attraction for tourists both domestic and foreign tourists. The art and culture is the breath of tourism in the island of Bali, which is based on the Hindu religion. The resources for these art and culture are nurtured in several forms, which one of them is through sanggar or studios, which is a non-formal education institution for learning Balinese art and culture. Various types of art and culture and developed and nurtured in these studios, such as performing arts, fine arts, and local wisdoms. The tourism industry has given positive and negative impacts for Balinese art and culture, depends on how one may argue if seen through different perspectives. Performing arts have flourished in terms of daily performances taken places in hotels and designated performance theaters. The types which can be easily watched are the music and dance of Bali. Conclusion: Tourism in this sense is not a direct aspect but, in the future, has a direct impact: providing culture resources for performances in tourism objects and destinations. This as a part of social sustainability, also the sanggars, is a part of the sustainable tourism family

scholarly journals Flexor Pollicis Brevis Muscle. Anatomical Study and Clinical Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1321-1329
Author(s):  
Edie Benedito Caetano ◽  
Yuri da Cunha Nakamichi ◽  
Renato Alves de Andrade ◽  
Maico Minoru Sawada ◽  
Mauricio Tadeu Nakasone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Deep Branch ◽  
Catholic University

Introduction: This paper reports anatomical study of nature, incidence, innervation and clinical implications of Flexor Pollicis Brevis muscle (FPB). Material and Methods: The anatomical dissection of 60 limbs from 30 cadavers were performed in the Department of Anatomy of Medical School of Catholic University of São Paulo. Results: The superficial head of FPB has been innervated by the median nerve in 70% and in 30% it had double innervation. The deep head of FPB were absent in 14%, in 65%, occurred a double innervation. In 17.5% by deep branch of ulnar nerve and in 3.6% by recurrent branch of median nerve. Conclusion: The pattern of innervation more frequent in relationship to the flexor pollicis brevis muscle and should be considered as a normal pattern is that superficial head receives innervation of branches of median nerve and the deep head receives innervation of ulnar and median nerve.

scholarly journals Capillary telangiectasia of the brain: imaging with various MR techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gelal ◽  
L Karakas¸ ◽  
A Sarsılmaz ◽  
K Yücel ◽  
C Dündar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Capillary Telangiectasia ◽  
The Brain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document