Bilateral jugular foraminal stenosis in a patient with benign osteopetrosis associated with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Haji Mirsadeghi ◽  
Ali Tayebi Meybodi ◽  
Farideh Nejat ◽  
Hooshang Saberi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Foraminal Stenosis ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome ◽  
The Brain

One of the prominent causes of pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) syndrome is increased impedance of the venous outflow tracts of the brain. Theoretically, this is a justified mechanism for raised intracranial pressure; yet, there had been few cases of such a scenario reported in the literature, and to the authors' knowledge no case of PTC due to benign osteopetrosis has been reported to date. The present case occurred in a 19-year-old woman with a constellation of signs and symptoms compatible with PTC syndrome, whose radiological and laboratory studies confirmed the diagnosis of osteopetrosis. Magnetic resonance venography demonstrated bilateral jugular foraminal stenosis regarding the underlying disease process. The patient did well after she underwent a lumboperitoneal shunt insertion procedure.

State of the venous system in patients with Pseudotumor cerebri

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
N. V. Shuleshova ◽  
N. I. Panchenko ◽  
I. V. Kupriyanova
Keyword(s):  
Mr Angiography ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri ◽  
Mr Venography ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome ◽  
Visual Disorders ◽  
The Brain

The article describes two clinical cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, the first manifestation of which was the development of retroorbital headache and the visual disorders. Leading in the clinical picture of the disease in both cases was the detection of stagnant optic nerve discs on the fundus. In both patients, the vascular system of the brain was examined using duplex scanning of the neck and brain vessels, MR angiography and MR venography, and in one case — SCT angiography, a lumbar puncture was performed with the study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). An increase in CSF pressure was found, accompanied by changes in the large venous vessels of the skull and brain. This suggests a significant role of venous outflow disorders in the development of Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Outcomes of a Racially Diverse Population with Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Payan Schober ◽  
Meghan A. Jobson ◽  
Caroline J. Poulton ◽  
Harsharan K. Singh ◽  
Volker Nickeleit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
End Stage ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The University

Background: Fibrillary glomerulonephritis is characterized by randomly arranged fibrils, approximately 20 nm in diameter by electron microscopy. Patients present with proteinuria, hematuria and kidney insufficiency, and about half of the reported patients progress to end-stage kidney disease within 4 years. The dependence of patient characteristics and outcomes on race has not been explored. In this study, we describe a cohort of patients with fibrillary glomerulonephritis and compare their clinical characteristics and outcomes with those of patients previously described. Methods: The University of North Carolina (UNC) Nephropathology Database was used to retrospectively identify patients diagnosed with fibrillary glomerulonephritis between 1985 and 2015. Of these patients, those treated at UNC were selected. Their demographic and clinical characteristics - including signs and symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory values, treatments and outcomes - were compared with those of patients described earlier. Results: Among the 287 patients identified, 42 were treated at the UNC Kidney Center. When compared to earlier cohorts, a higher frequency of black race, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and use of hemodialysis were noted in both black and HCV-positive patients. Autoimmune diseases, infections and malignancies were frequently observed, present in over half of all cases. Conclusion: According to this study, fibrillary glomerulonephritis represents a secondary glomerular disease process (associated with autoimmune disease, infection or malignancy) in many cases and hence screening is essential. As the screening for comorbidities increased over time, more underlying causes were identified. We noted a high frequency of HCV among black patients, suggesting a possible causative association. Treatment of underlying disease is essential for patients for the best outcome.

Common problems and symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-174
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Complete Paralysis ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neurological System

Any damage to the neurological system due to a disease process, infection, or injury frequently results in certain abnormal signs and symptoms. Depending on the degree of damage and the region of the brain or peripheral nervous system affected, neurological disorders can result in partial or complete paralysis, muscle weakness, pain and spasticity, seizures, and abnormal cognitive abilities. This chapter present some of the more commonly occurring problems with some management strategies.

Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Chinthapalli
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Global Function ◽  
Glutamate Antagonist ◽  
The Brain

Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is an important part of management of the condition. There are only four drugs available for treatment of the disease and none halt the disease process, however they have a benefit on cognition, behaviour, activities of daily living, and global function. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are thought to work by enhancing cholinergic transmission in the brain and are particularly effective in mild and moderate AD, with recent evidence suggesting donepezil is also effective in severe AD. Memantine is the only glutamate antagonist that is available for AD and is limited for use in moderate or severe AD. The choice of drug depends on route of administration, adverse effects, and medical comorbidities. There is intense research on alternative treatments especially those that may stop the underlying disease process.

Evaluation of renal biopsies in various kidney diseases with reference to staining

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Kaushlendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
Wilma Delphine Silvia CR ◽  
Aparna Pandey ◽  
Asha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Staining Techniques

Renal diseases of different origin and nature may produce essentially similar disturbances of renal functions and may have clinical similarities and hence there was a need to classify renal diseases more scientifically. The basic approach was to correlate clinical signs and symptoms with histological changes in the tissue, using both simple and special staining techniques so as to reach to a definitive diagnosis.The present study was conducted on renal biopsy referred to pathology department. Criteria for successful biopsy were as follows-Adequate biopsy sample size, correct processing of specimen, informed interpretation and issue of an accurate report. A total of 29 renal biopsies were examined. In minimal change disease, only in 4 patients the glomerulus was sclerosed. Membranous glomerulonephritis comprised of the maximum number of cases (9/30). Total of 3 cases of renal biopsies revealed amyloidosis. Focal amyloid deposits with deposits either near the hilum or perivascular areas were found in 33.3% of cases, while extensive amyloid deposits were found in 33.3% of the cases.It is necessary to determine both the type of renal disease and the cause of the primary disorder in order to make the diagnosis and various staining techniques play a very helpful role. The likelihood that the biopsy specimen accurately reflects the type and severity of the underlying disease is directly related to both the diffuseness of the disease process and the amount of tissue examined.

scholarly journals Pseudotumor cerebri induced by topical application of steroid: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 3435-3437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Mohammad ◽  
Bandar N. Aljafen ◽  
Mohammed S. Alnafisah ◽  
Fawaz A. Al-Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan

A 19-year-old man visited the neurology clinic for evaluation of a headache and pulsating tinnitus that he had experienced for 2 months. A neurological examination was normal, except for bilateral disc swelling. His medical history was notable for recently diagnosed psoriasis for which he had been applying topical hydrocortisone 2.5% three to four times a day. Neuro-imaging with a computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance venography of the brain was normal, except for tortuosity of the optic nerves and dilatation of the optic nerve sheaths. Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome was suspected. Unfortunately, the patient refused a spinal tap to measure the cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure. Excessive application of topical steroid was believed to be the cause of the patient’s pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. The patient’s headache and disc swelling improved after treatment with acetazolamide and cessation of topical hydrocortisone. This is the first case report of a topical steroid associated with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.

scholarly journals Profound hypertension with dexmedetomidine during insertion of deep brain stimulator

2015 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 055-057
Author(s):  
Allison Tedder ◽  
Evgeny Rakhman ◽  
Pirjo Manninen ◽  
Lashmikumar Venkatraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulator ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractDexmedetomidine is now frequently used in the anaesthetic management of patients undergoing deep brain stimulator insertion for movement disorders. We present two patients with Parkinson’s disease and dystonia who developed marked increase in blood pressure and level of sedation during the infusion of a loading dose of dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg over 10 min). Both patients required treatment of their blood pressure. The first patient also had a computed tomography of the brain to rule out an intracranial event. The patients recovered from these untoward events in approximately 30 min. The possible explanations for both the hypertension and oversedation were underestimation of the severity of the patients’ underlying disease process and a relative overdose of the loading dose of dexmedetomidine.

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity of excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits in schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Inhibitory Components ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in cognitive processes mediated by the circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). These deficits are associated with a range of alterations in DLPFC circuitry, some of which reflect the pathology of the illness and others of which reflect the neuroplasticity of the brain in response to the underlying disease process. This article reviews disturbances in excitatory and inhibitory components of DLPFC circuitry from the perspective of developmental neuroplasticity and discusses their implications for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Therapeutic approaches to pediatric pseudotumor cerebri: New insights from literature data

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Vitaliti ◽  
Piero Pavone ◽  
Nassim Matin ◽  
Omidreza Tabatabaie ◽  
Salvatore Cocuzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome

The pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS), also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is characterized by signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache and cranial nerve palsies, in the absence of any space-occupying mass. This condition commonly affects overweight women of childbearing age, even if it is also frequent in men and children. Children with PTCS may present with atypical signs and symptoms, with a different prognosis compared to adults. However, the treatment is the same for both children and adults, even if there are no strict treatment guidelines in regards. All treatment strategies in children are based on retrospective studies and none has been evaluated in prospective or randomized controlled trial studies. This review focuses on literature data on PTCS treatment in children.

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