scholarly journals Treatment of Waste Extract Lubricating Oil by Thermal Cracking Process to Produce Light Fractions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Fatimah Kadhim Idan ◽  
◽  
Saleem Mohammed Obyed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Waste Extract

The Hydrogenation-Cracking of Rubber

1935 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Cawley ◽  
J. G. King
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Continuous Plant ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cracking Process

Abstract Rubber is amenable to treatment by the process of hydrogenation-cracking at a pressure of 200 atmospheres of hydrogen and at temperatures above 360°. The rubber is suitably treated in a continuous plant in the form of a solution containing 50% of rubber and 50% of an oil boiling above 200° obtained by the hydrogenation of rubber. At a reaction temperature of 450–480°, and in the presence of a molybdenum catalyst, a high yield of spirit (boiling up to 200°) is obtained. In one passage of the raw material over the catalyst the yield is from 40 to 60% by weight of the rubber solution, the remainder being oil (53 to 18%) and gaseous hydrocarbons. The crude product is a pale yellow mobile oil, and the fraction boiling below 200° a water-clear spirit. The latter contains aromatic 15, unsaturated 1.5, and saturated hydrocarbons 83.5%. It therefore requires only very little refining to make it stable on storage. As the reaction temperature is lowered, the yield of spirit decreases, while that of high-boiling oil increases. The high-boiling oil also becomes more viscous. Thus at 370° the yields, as percentages by weight of the rubber solution, are: spirit boiling up to 200° 10.6%, and oil boiling above 200° 87.6%. The latter is distilled to produce 46.7% of Diesel oil, 21.5% of lubricating oil, and 19.4% of residue. The greater part of the Diesel oil and the high-boiling residue is required to prepare rubber solution for use as the raw material. Rubber can therefore be treated by a hydrogenation-cracking process to yield either motor spirit alone or motor spirit, fuel oil, and lubricating oil, depending on the temperature of treatment. As a commercial project the rubber treated would require to be surplus production available to the process at a much lower cost than that of rubber purchased in the normal market.

scholarly journals Prediction of products yield at the thermal cracking of vegetable oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Doinita Roxana Cioroiu ◽  
Claudia Irina Koncsag
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Steam Cracking ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
The University

Abstract According to previous studies on the pyrolysis of vegetable oils, it resulted that the thermal cracking process is prone to produce large yields of ethylene, propylene, hydrogen and methane, comparable with the gas proceeding from the steam cracking of naphtha, but at much lower process temperature, this ensuring important energy savings. The studies are performed on very different raw materials and different reaction conditions, that being why at this moment it is very difficult to predict the products yield. This paper uses an analytical semiempirical model (ASEM) developed at the University of Florida, by applying it to a different raw material. The ASEM model fits very well to our experimental data, obtained at higher temperature but some parameters have to be adjusted. In the end we confirm a set of systemic parameters to be used for the prediction of main products yield proceeding from vegetable oil in an extended range of temperatures.

scholarly journals Studies on Naphtha Thermal Cracking Process used Slit Burner

1966 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-421,a1
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Hashimoto ◽  
Hirao Fukushima ◽  
Daizo Kunii
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Cracking Process

DeNOx mechanism caused by thermal cracking hydrocarbons in the stratified rich zone during diesel combustion

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Kidoguchi ◽  
K Miwa ◽  
H Noge
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Diesel Combustion ◽  
Rapid Compression Machine ◽  
Combustion Phase ◽  
Rapid Compression ◽  
Cracking Process

This study concerns an experimental and theoretical investigation of the deNO x mechanism caused by thermal cracking hydrocarbons during diesel combustion. A total gas sampling experiment using a rapid compression machine showed that NO x can be reduced under fuel-rich and high-swirl conditions. It was found that under these conditions, a large amount of thermal cracking hydrocarbons, including unsaturated hydrocarbons such as C2H4, are produced during the ignition delay period, and that stratified fuel-rich combustion regions that contain these thermal cracking hydrocarbons are distributed widely throughout the combustion chamber. During the diffusion combustion phase, the CH4 concentration surpasses that of C2H4 and becomes the dominant hydrocarbon species. These thermal cracking hydrocarbons are supposed to be active in NO x reduction chemistry. To confirm the assumption, a flow reactor experiment was conducted focusing on the thermal cracking process of diesel fuel and the NO x reduction process. The experiment showed that when a solvent was used as fuel, light hydrocarbons similar to those observed in the rapid compression experiment are formed, and that about 60 per cent of NO x was reduced at equivalence ratios over 2.5 and a temperature of 1500 K. In addition to the above experiments, a chemical kinetic calculation using CHEMKIN III was carried out. The calculation revealed that C2H4 is easily decomposed during its oxidation process, forming HCCO or CHC2, which reacts promptly with NO and that in this reaction path, C2H22 formed through the thermal cracking process of C2H4 is an essential species to the formation of HCCO and CH2.

Olefins and Ethanol from Polyolefins: Analysis of Potential Chemical Recycling of Poly(ethylene) Mexican Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vargas Santillán ◽  
J. C. Farias Sanchez ◽  
M. G. Pineda Pimentel ◽  
A. J. Castro Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Number Of Treatment

Abstract Plastic solid waste (PSW) presents challenges and opportunities to society regardless of their sustainability awareness and technological advances. A special emphasis is paid on waste generated from polyolefin sources, which makes up a great percentage of our daily commodities’ plastic products. In Mexico 7.6 millions of tons of plastic in 2012 were wasted, which low density polyethylene LDPE, and high density polyethylene HDPE were the most abundant. Increasing cost, and decreasing space of landfills are forcing considerations of alternative options for PSW disposal. Years of research, study and testing have resulted in a number of treatment, recycling and recovery methods for plastics that can be economically, and environmentally viable. The following work studies the possibilities of polyethylene recycling. Nowadays, non-catalytic thermal cracking (Pyrolysis) is receiving renewed attention, due to the fact of added value on a crude oil barrel and its very valuable yielded products, but a fact remains that advanced thermo-chemical recycling of polyolefin still lacks the proper design, and kinetic background to target certain desired products and/or chemicals. On the other hand some research have shown a good performance that can be used in a real plant. ASPEN Plus is used to simulate a non-catalytic thermal cracking process. The process behavior of simulation is similar to the experimental data from other authors. Using gibbs free energy to identify the chemical equilibrium in system, its global minimization allows identifying the amount of substances present in the process. The simulation results demonstrate that it could be produced 49 % and 34 % wt of ethylene and propylene respectively from gas yield at 850 °C. Then scale the plant to produce ethylene and propylene from the pyrolysis and ethanol from a direct hydration of ethylene. Aspen Process Economics Analyzer is used in order to find the feasibility of the pyrolysis and ethanol production. The total sales/total production cost ratio obtained for the integrated process approaches was 2.55.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document