scholarly journals Effect of concentrate supplementation during the dry period on colostrum quality and effect of colostrum feeding regimen on passive transfer of immunity, calf health, and performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dunn ◽  
A. Ashfield ◽  
B. Earley ◽  
M. Welsh ◽  
A. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals The Effects of Dry Period Versus Continuous Lactation on Metabolic Status and Performance in Periparturient Cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 3530-3541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Andersen ◽  
T.G. Madsen ◽  
T. Larsen ◽  
K.L. Ingvartsen ◽  
M.O. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Periparturient Cows ◽  
And Performance

Effects of 2 intramammary antimicrobial formulations on control of mastitis during the dry-period and performance of dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-640
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Mirzaei ◽  
Elizabeth A. Cox ◽  
Scott T. Kieser ◽  
Barbara Petersen ◽  
Todd R. Bilby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
And Performance

Effect of pasteurization at 76 and 63 °C on the absorption of colostral IgG in calves

2000 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFF W. TYLER ◽  
JEFF LAKRITZ ◽  
DOUGLAS E. HOSTETLER ◽  
VICTORIA DOUGLAS ◽  
DUSTY M. WEAVER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Potential Disadvantage

The timely ingestion and absorption of colostral immunoglobulin is a critical determinant of neonatal calf health. Calves are born without appreciable concentrations of the serum immunoglobulins needed to protect against pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protozoa (Tyler & Parish, 1995). The beneficial effect of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin also extends beyond the neonatal period and persists into juvenile and adult life (Robison et al. 1988; Tyler et al. 1998; DeNise et al. 1989). Calves with failure of passive transfer, defined as serum protein < 50 g/l or serum IgG < 10 g/l, have increased mortality risks that persist until 10 weeks of age (Tyler et al. 1998).Several diseases are potentially spread by the ingestion of colostrum, including bovine leukosis and Johne's disease (Perrin & Polack, 1988; Streeter et al. 1995). In one study 22% of latently infected cows were demonstrated to shed Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in their colostrum (Streeter et al. 1995). Optimal programmes to prevent and eradicate these diseases generally include the provision that calves are given colostrum derived from cows of known negative disease status. Pasteurization or heat treatment of colostrum may provide a mechanism whereby calves are provided with protection against neonatal disease without creating undue potential for infection by chronic, economically relevant diseases.Attempts to heat disinfect colostrum are common in goat herds (MacKenzie et al. 1987). Pasteurization has been demonstrated to be effective against the caprine arthritis–encephalomyelitis virus (Adams et al. 1983; MacKenzie et al. 1987). Although Myco. paratuberculosis appears to resist pasteurization, this form of processing has been demonstrated to decrease the likelihood of positive colostral cultures for Myco. paratuberculosis under experimental conditions (Meylan et al. 1996). Sterilizing the milk and colostrum given to calves is a logical and reasonable strategy to prevent transmission of infectious microorganisms. The potential disadvantage of heat treating colostrum is that the immunoglobulins in colostrum may become denatured (Smith & Sherman, 1994). Pasteurization causes only a slight decrease in the colostral concentration of IgG in cattle (Meylan et al. 1996); however, the biological behaviour of these pasteurized immunoglobulins has not been critically examined. Therefore, we cannot be completely confident that immunoglobulin absorption, persistence in serum and biological activity are unchanged by this processing.The goal of this study was to determine the effect of pasteurization at 76 and 63 °C on the absorption of IgG from colostrum. Should these procedures decrease immunoglobulin absorption, the use of pasteurization in disease eradication programmes would require increased efforts to optimize the passive transfer of immunoglobulin.

Body composition and performance of autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows during lactation: non-carcass component weights

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 101-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Gibb ◽  
W.E. Ivings ◽  
J.D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
And Performance

In order to understand the complex changes associated with lactation in the dairy cow it is necessary to assess the contribution of the non-carcass components. It has been shown with sheep (Cowan, Robinson, Greenhalgh and McHattie, 1979) that a number of tissues may be mobilised during lactation with a redistribution of tissues particularly towards the gut and udder, and that diet may have a significant effect. Butler-Hogg, Wood and Bines (1985), using Friesian dairy cows showed changes in the weights of guts, internal fat depots (omental, mesenteric and perinephric) and liver with stage of lactation although the number of stages examined was somewhat limited. The present experiment investigates changes in non-carcass component weights at 9 points over the first 29 weeks of lactation and with 3 levels of concentrate supplementation.

Forage management and concentrate supplementation effects on performance of beef calves

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao M. B. Vendramini ◽  
Philipe Moriel
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Metabolic Imprinting ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
And Performance

Proper grazing management is the most effective practice to provide adequate forage quantity and quality to cow–calf systems, and optimise beef-calf performance in tropical and subtropical regions. Supplementation of beef calves is not a commonly used management practice in beef-cattle production, primarily because calves can benefit from the cow’s milk production to offset some limitations in forage quantity and quality. Creep-feeding and supplementation of early weaned calves are the two main strategies to supplement beef calves. Creep-feeding can be used to overcome limited herbage allowance, improve calves uniformity, supply extra nutrients for calves, provide adaptation to concentrate diets before weaning, and increase weaning weight. Early weaning is an effective management practice to increase the likelihood of re-breeding of first-calf beef heifers in the south-eastern USA; however, it was observed that concentrate supplementation is necessary for early weaned calves to achieve desirable levels of gain on pasture in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, concentrate supplementation during early stages of a calf life may permanently change calf development and performance in a process called ‘metabolic imprinting’. The metabolic imprinting concept in production agriculture is in the early stages of knowledge and further research should elucidate the benefits of this management practice in beef-cattle production.

scholarly journals Passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves with additional consumption of immunoglobulin through colostrum supplement: effects in health and performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Ribeiro De Paula ◽  
Giovana Simão Slanzon ◽  
Natália Sobreira ◽  
Carla Maris Machado Bittar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Immune Globulins ◽  
And Performance

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additional consumption of immuneglobulins associated with high quality colostrum in health and performance of dairy calves. After birth, 80 females were randomly assigned to two treatments: MC) high quality colostrum, supplied in a volume corresponding to 15% of birth weight; and MC+S) high quality colostrum (15% of birth weight) + colostrum supplement. Blood parameters were not affected by the additional supply of immune globulins (Ig) by colostrum supplement feeding. The concentrate and total dry matter intakes were not affected by the administration of colostrum supplementation. The additional intake of Ig through the colostrum supplement did not affect the performance or feed efficiency of calves; however, animals doubled their birth weight at the end of the period, as occurred with MC fed calves. Regarding the health, additional supply of Ig did not affect the number of days with diarrhea, days with fever or medicated days. The additional intake of Ig via colostrum supplement in combination with high quality maternal colostrum have not improved immunity or affected the performance and health of dairy calves.

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