scholarly journals Effect of unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides from soybeans on milk fat synthesis and biohydrogenation intermediates in dairy cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 7031-7042 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Boerman ◽  
A.L. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Associations between concentrations of fat and intermediates of ruminal biohydrogenation in milk of dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
K.L. Robertshaw ◽  
H.W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cow Nutrition ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Rumen bacteria convert polyunsaturated C18 fatty acids to stearic acid (CI8:0) by biohydrogenation. Intermediates include a family of cis/trans isomers of linoleic acid known as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and a family of trans isomers of oleic acid (C18:1), chiefly trans-11 C18:1. Trans fatty acids inhibit milk fat synthesis in cows, an effect which Griinari et al. (1997) attributed specifically to trans-10 C18:1. Biohydrogenation intermediates can be incorporated directly into milk. In humans, trans C18:1 in hydrogenated vegetable oil (chiefly trans-9 C18:1) mimic saturated fatty acids as a risk factor for heart disease (Judd et al., 1994) and may inhibit milk fat synthesis. CLA may be anticarcinogenic (Parodi, 1997). It is important, therefore, to understand the effect of dairy cow nutrition on biohydrogenation intermediates.

Associations between concentrations of fat and intermediates of ruminal biohydrogenation in milk of dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 224-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
K.L. Robertshaw ◽  
H.W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cow Nutrition ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Rumen bacteria convert polyunsaturated C18 fatty acids to stearic acid (CI8:0) by biohydrogenation. Intermediates include a family of cis/trans isomers of linoleic acid known as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and a family of trans isomers of oleic acid (C18:1), chiefly trans-11 C18:1. Trans fatty acids inhibit milk fat synthesis in cows, an effect which Griinari et al. (1997) attributed specifically to trans-10 C18:1. Biohydrogenation intermediates can be incorporated directly into milk. In humans, trans C18:1 in hydrogenated vegetable oil (chiefly trans-9 C18:1) mimic saturated fatty acids as a risk factor for heart disease (Judd et al., 1994) and may inhibit milk fat synthesis. CLA may be anticarcinogenic (Parodi, 1997). It is important, therefore, to understand the effect of dairy cow nutrition on biohydrogenation intermediates.

Effect of CLA on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows: Comparison of inhibition by methyl esters and free fatty acids, and relationships among studies

Lipids ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. de Veth ◽  
J. Mikko Griinari ◽  
Angelika-Maria Pfeiffer ◽  
Dale E. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Effect of energy status on milk production responses to dietary addition of fat in cows

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
P.A. Martin ◽  
D.G. Chamberlain ◽  
J.J. Choung ◽  
S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Adding appropriate fats to diets for dairy cows has the potential to improve the acceptability of dairy products to the health-conscious consumer by increasing the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids in milk fat. However, concentrations of protein in milk are often concurrently depressed. In these respects responses to fat resemble those seen in animals in negative energy balance, where the contribution of fatty acids mobilized from adipose tissue to milk fat synthesis leads to similar changes in milk fat composition, and milk protein concentrations are relatively low.These similarities give rise to two questions: (i) do the metabolic adaptations during negative energy balance influence the utilization of dietary fat for milk fat synthesis, and (ii) is the mechanism whereby milk protein is depressed the same in both cases? As a preliminary investigation of this, an experiment was conducted to compare the effects of dietary fat supplementation on performance of lactating cows either mobilizing or depositing body tissue.

scholarly journals Diet-induced milk fat depression is associated with alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation pathways and formation of novel fatty acid intermediates in lactating cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ventto ◽  
Heidi Leskinen ◽  
Piia Kairenius ◽  
Tomasz Stefański ◽  
Ali R. Bayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dimethyl Acetal ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

AbstractThe biohydrogenation theory of milk fat depression (MFD) attributes decreases in milk fat in cows to the formation of specific fatty acids (FA) in the rumen.Trans-10,cis-12-CLA is the only biohydrogenation intermediate known to inhibit milk fat synthesis, but it is uncertain if increased ruminal synthesis is the sole explanation of MFD. Four lactating cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments and 35-d experimental periods to evaluate the effect of diets formulated to cause differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and milk fat synthesis on the flow of FA and dimethyl acetal at the omasum. Treatments comprised total mixed rations based on grass silage with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65 or 65:35 containing 0 or 50 g/kg sunflower oil (SO). Supplementing the high-concentrate diet with SO lowered milk fat synthesis from −20·2 to −31·9 % relative to other treatments. Decreases in milk fat were accompanied by alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation favouring thetrans-10 pathway and an increase in the formation of specific intermediates includingtrans-4 totrans-10-18 : 1,trans-8,trans-10-CLA,trans-9,cis-11-CLA andtrans-10,cis-15-18 : 2. Flow oftrans-10,cis-12-CLA at the omasum was greater on high- than low-concentrate diets but unaffected by SO. In conclusion, ruminaltrans-10,cis-12-CLA formation was not increased on a diet causing MFD suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates or additional mechanisms contribute to the regulation of fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland.

scholarly journals Effect of calcium salts of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acids containingtrans-10,cis-12 in the diet on milk fat synthesis in goats

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Shingfield ◽  
Jacques Rouel ◽  
Yves Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Dietary supplements of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) containingtrans-10,cis-12 CLA decrease milk fat secretion in the lactating cow and sheep, but their effects on mammary lipogenesis in the goat are less well defined. Eight lactating goats were used in two 4 × 4 Latin-square experiments with 14 d experimental periods to examine the effects of calcium salts of CLA methyl esters (CaCLA) containingtrans-10,cis-12 on milk fat synthesis. Experimental treatments consisted of incremental inclusion of 0, 30, 60 or 90 g of CaCLA/d (corresponding to 7·47, 14·9 and 22·4 g/d oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA) offered during the first 10 d of each experimental period that replaced maize grain in concentrates (Experiment 1) or calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (Experiment 2). Relative to the control, inclusion of 30, 60 or 90 g CaCLA/d in the diet reduced milk fat yield by 19·8, 27·9 and 32·3 % and 17·5, 39·0 and 49·3 % in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Decreases in milk fat were due to reductions in the secretion of fatty acids synthesisedde novorather than the uptake of fatty acids from the peripheral circulation. Indirect comparisons with the studies in the lactating cow indicated a lower efficacy of CaCLA supplements on mammary lipogenesis in the goat. In conclusion, CaCLA in the diet inhibits milk fat synthesis in the goat, responses that are dependent on the supply of dietary fatty acids, with evidence that the caprine is less sensitive to the anti-lipogenic effects oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA compared with the bovine or ovine.

scholarly journals Uptake of substrates for milk-fat synthesis by lactating-rabbit mammary gland

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Jones ◽  
D S Parker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Cannulation Technique ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

1. A cannulation technique is described for measuring arteriovenous differences across the lactating-rabbit mammary gland. 2. Analysis of milk obtained before and after surgery shows no effect of cannulation on milk constituents. 3. Results of blood analysis show significant net changes in the concentrations of glucose, acetate, 3-hydroxybutrate, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids across the mammary gland. 4. The molar proportions of individual fatty acids in both the triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid fractions did not alter between the arterial and venous samples. 5. The extraction rates are compared with those obtained from other species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document