scholarly journals Change in subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism and gene network expression during the transition period in dairy cows, including differences due to sire genetic merit

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 2171-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Khan ◽  
A. Hosseini ◽  
S. Burrell ◽  
S.M. Rocco ◽  
J.P. McNamara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Prepartal dietary energy alters transcriptional adaptations of the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue of dairy cows during the transition period

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selim ◽  
S. Salin ◽  
J. Taponen ◽  
A. Vanhatalo ◽  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Overfeeding during the dry period may predispose cows to increased insulin resistance (IR) with enhanced postpartum lipolysis. We studied gene expression in the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 16 Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows fed either a controlled energy diet [Con, 99 MJ/day metabolizable energy (ME)] during the last 6 wk of the dry period or high-energy diet (High, 141 MJ/day ME) for the first 3 wk and then gradually decreasing energy allowance during 3 wk to 99 MJ/day ME before the expected parturition. Tissue biopsies were collected at −10, 1, and 9 days, and blood samples at −10, 1, and 7 days relative to parturition. Overfed cows had greater dry matter, crude protein, and ME intakes and ME balance before parturition. Daily milk yield, live weight, and body condition score were not different between treatments. The High cows tended to have greater plasma insulin and lower glucagon/insulin ratio compared with Con cows. No differences in circulating glucose, glucagon, nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, and hepatic triglyceride contents were observed between treatments. Overfeeding compared with Con resulted in lower CPT1A and PCK1 and a tendency for lower G6PC and PC expression in the liver. The High group tended to have lower RETN expression in SAT than Con. No other effects of overfeeding on the expression of genes related to IR in SAT were observed. In conclusion, overfeeding energy prepartum may have compromised hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and slightly affected IR in SAT based on gene expression.

Effect of fish-meal supplementation and β-agonist administration on adipose tissue metabolism in steers given silage

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
J. M. Dawson ◽  
C. P. Essex ◽  
A. Walsh ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
M. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

AbstractThe effect of fish-meal supplementation or cimaterol administration on the composition, cellularity and metabolism of subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue was examined in young Friesian steers given grass silage. Animals (approx. 117 kg live weight) received either silage alone (group C; no. = 6) or supplemented with fish meal (150 g/kg silage dry matter; group FM; no. = 6) or cimaterol (0·06 mg/kg body weight per day) administered via osmotic minipumps (group CIM; no. = 6) for a period of 6 weeks. Samples of perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained at slaughter were used for determination of tissue composition andin vitrorates of lipogenesis, lipolysis and substrate oxidation. FM animals showed significantly greater live-weight gains (0·61 kg/day) compared with C (0·21 kg/day,P< 0·001) while CIM animals had significantly lower rates of gain (0·04 kg/day,P< 0·05). This was considered to be related to increased heat loss from the β-agonist-treated animals as a result of very cold weather encountered during the experimental period. CIM administration reduced adipocyte size suggesting an increased number of cells per g tissue. Both lipolytic and lipogenic rates were reduced by cimaterol and there was some evidence that the response to insulin was diminished, at least with respect to substrate oxidation. FM increased lipogenesis from acetate and acetate oxidation rates in subcutaneous adipose tissue with similar trends in perirenal tissue. The results indicate that both fish-meal supplementation and cimaterol administration caused substantial changes in adipose tissue metabolism as determined usingin vitroprocedures, even though the magnitude and direction of the changes were not in strict accord with estimates of net fat accretion from relatedin vivostudies.

scholarly journals Effects of second-generation antipsychotics on human subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 104445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assel Sarsenbayeva ◽  
Cátia M. Marques-Santos ◽  
Ketan Thombare ◽  
Giada Di Nunzio ◽  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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