scholarly journals Cow and herd variation in milk urea nitrogen concentrations in lactating dairy cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 7261-7268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aguilar ◽  
M.D. Hanigan ◽  
H.A. Tucker ◽  
B.L. Jones ◽  
S.K. Garbade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Urea Nitrogen

scholarly journals Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen: Relation of milk urea nitrogen to ammonia emissions

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2377-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Burgos ◽  
N.M. Embertson ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
F.M. Mitloehner ◽  
E.J. DePeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Urea Nitrogen

Breeding strategies to reduce environmental footprint in dairy cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donagh P. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Urea Nitrogen

Animal breeding should be considered as a permanent and cumulative approach to reducing the environmental footprint of dairy cattle production systems within an overall national and global mitigation strategy. Current international dairy cattle breeding goals do not explicitly include environmental traits, but observed improvements in milk production and both fertility and longevity contribute substantially to improving the environmental footprint relative to output. Ideally, however, environmental related traits, most notably greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen excretion, should be explicitly included in national breeding goals with their own economic weight. Access to routine phenotypic observations for the environmental traits or other information including genomic information or information on heritable correlated traits is required for inclusion in the selection index. There is, however, a considerable paucity of information on the genetic parameters for, in particular, greenhouse gas emissions in dairy cattle; these parameters include genetic variance estimates, as well as genetic and phenotypic (co)variances with other performance traits. Large studies with well phenotyped animals across a range of environments are needed to estimate such parameters and also investigate the extent, if any, of genotype-by-environment interactions across contrasting environments. Considerable genetic variation in milk urea nitrogen, as a proxy for nitrogen excretion in the urine, exist and suggest that breeding programmes to improve nitrogen use efficiency will be fruitful. However, because of the antagonistic genetic correlations between milk urea nitrogen and milk production, genetic gain in milk yield is expected to be compromised within a breeding goal that includes milk urea nitrogen.

scholarly journals Validation of models for predicting milk urea nitrogen concentrations

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
P. Meyer ◽  
P. Machado ◽  
A. Coldebella ◽  
C. Corassin ◽  
L. Cassoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Validation Of Models ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Urea Nitrogen

scholarly journals Using Milk Urea Nitrogen to Evaluate Diet Formulation and Environmental Impact on Dairy Farms

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 852-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Jonker ◽  
R.A. Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

Reducing nitrogen (N) excretion by dairy cattle is the most effective means to reduce N losses (runoff, volatilization, and leaching) from dairy farms. The objectives of this review are to examine the use of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) to measure N excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows and to examine impacts of overfeeding N to dairy cows in the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin. A mathematical model was developed and evaluated with an independent literature data set to integrate MUN and milk composition to predict urinary and fecal excretion, intake, and utilization efficiency for N in lactating dairy cows. This model was subsequently used to develop target MUN concentrations for lactating dairy cattle fed according to National Research Council (NRC) recommendations. Target values calculated in this manner were 8 to 14 mg/dl for a typical lactation and were most sensitive to change in milk production and crude protein intake. Routine use of MUN to monitor dairy cattle diets was introduced to dairy farms (n = 1156) in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Participating farmers (n = 454) were provided with the results of their MUN analyses and interpretive information monthly for a period of 6 months. The average MUN across all farms in the study increased in the spring, but the increase was 0.52 mg/dl lower for farmers receiving MUN results compared to those who did not participate in the program. This change indicated that participating farmers reduced N feeding compared to nonparticipants. Average efficiency of feed N utilization (N in milk / N in feed x 100) was 24.5% (SD = 4.5). On average, farmers fed 6.6% more N than recommended by the NRC, resulting in a 16% increase in urinary N and a 2.7% increase in fecal N compared to feeding to requirement. N loading to the Chesapeake Bay from overfeeding protein to lactating dairy cattle was estimated to be 7.6 million kg/year. MUN is a useful tool to measure diet adequacy and environmental impact from dairy farms.

scholarly journals Analysis of Milk Urea Nitrogen and Lactose and Their Effect on Longevity in Canadian Dairy Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 4886-4894 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Miglior ◽  
A. Sewalem ◽  
J. Jamrozik ◽  
D.M. Lefebvre ◽  
R.K. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Urea Nitrogen
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